RNA Splicing - 1 Video Lecture | Crash Course for CSIR NET Life Sciences (English)
FAQs on RNA Splicing - 1 Video Lecture - Crash Course for CSIR NET Life Sciences (English)
| 1. What is RNA splicing and why is it important in gene expression? |  |
Ans.RNA splicing is the process by which introns (non-coding regions) are removed from a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript, and exons (coding regions) are joined together to form a mature mRNA molecule. This process is crucial for gene expression because it allows for the generation of multiple protein variants from a single gene through alternative splicing. This increases the diversity of proteins that can be produced, which is vital for the complexity of cellular functions in eukaryotic organisms.
| 2. What are the main steps involved in RNA splicing? | |
Ans.The main steps in RNA splicing include:
1. Recognition of splice sites at the boundaries of introns and exons.
2. Formation of a spliceosome, a complex of RNA and protein that facilitates the splicing reaction.
3. Removal of introns through two transesterification reactions, which result in the joining of exons and the release of introns as a lariat structure.
4. Finally, the mature mRNA is produced and transported out of the nucleus for translation into protein.
| 3. What are spliceosomes and what role do they play in RNA splicing? | |
Ans.Sliceosomes are large ribonucleoprotein complexes that play a critical role in RNA splicing. They consist of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and a variety of protein factors. The spliceosome recognizes specific sequences at the intron-exon boundaries, assembles on the pre-mRNA, and catalyzes the splicing reactions necessary for the removal of introns and the joining of exons. This makes spliceosomes essential for the correct processing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA.
| 4. How does alternative splicing contribute to protein diversity? | |
Ans.Alternative splicing contributes to protein diversity by allowing a single gene to produce multiple mRNA transcripts, each encoding different protein isoforms. This process can generate proteins with different functions or regulatory properties, depending on which exons are included in the final mRNA. The ability to produce various proteins from a single gene is crucial for the complexity and adaptability of organisms, particularly in multicellular eukaryotes.
| 5. What are the consequences of errors in RNA splicing? | |
Ans.Errors in RNA splicing can lead to the production of non-functional or malfunctioning proteins, which can contribute to various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders. For instance, mutations at splice sites or within regulatory elements can result in exon skipping, intron retention, or the inclusion of incorrect exons, ultimately affecting the protein's structure and function. As such, precise RNA splicing is essential for maintaining cellular health and function.
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Oct 20, 2025
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