Software Development Exam > Software Development Videos > Python- Mastering Development in Python > Quickly with Python - 06 - Functions & Comments
Quickly with Python - 06 - Functions & Comments Video Lecture | Python- Mastering Development in Python - Software Development
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FAQs on Quickly with Python - 06 - Functions & Comments Video Lecture - Python- Mastering Development in Python - Software Development
| 1. What is a function in Python? |  |
Ans. A function in Python is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task. It can take input parameters, process them, and return a result. Functions help in organizing and modularizing code, making it easier to read, understand, and maintain.
| 2. How do you define a function in Python? | |
Ans. To define a function in Python, you use the "def" keyword followed by the function name, parentheses containing any input parameters, and a colon. The function code block is indented below. Here's an example:
```
def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name + "!")
```
In this example, the function "greet" takes a parameter "name" and prints a greeting message.
| 3. What is a docstring in Python functions? | |
Ans. A docstring in Python functions is a string literal placed as the first line of the function's code block. It serves as documentation for the function, providing a brief description of what the function does, its parameters, and return value. Docstrings are enclosed in triple quotes (""" """), allowing multi-line descriptions.
| 4. How do you call a function in Python? | |
Ans. To call a function in Python, you simply write the function name followed by parentheses containing any required arguments. For example, if we have a function called "calculate_sum" that takes two parameters, we can call it like this:
```
calculate_sum(3, 5)
```
This will execute the code within the "calculate_sum" function with the given arguments.
| 5. Can a function return multiple values in Python? | |
Ans. Yes, a function in Python can return multiple values using tuples. Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable. You can create a tuple of multiple values and return it from a function. To access the individual values, you can use tuple unpacking. Here's an example:
```
def get_name_and_age():
name = "John"
age = 25
return name, age
person_name, person_age = get_name_and_age()
print(person_name) # Output: John
print(person_age) # Output: 25
```
In this example, the function "get_name_and_age" returns a tuple containing the name and age, which is then unpacked into separate variables.
Text Transcript from Video
thanks for joining me I am t-pain and
welcome to another let's learn Python
basics please feel free to use and skip
ahead feature on the right side to jump
ahead to any specific section you want
to focus on today I'll be using Python
2.7 point 4 and you can download it from
Python org slash get it so without any
further ado let's open up idle so
today's focus is going to be functions
in Python and this will build heavily on
the past lessons so feel free to go back
and watch them again if anything is
unclear by clicking on the right side
alright so functions what are they
functions are a way to combine many
actions into a single process and so
it's ideal for situations where you're
going to be using it over and over and
over again so the last video I refer to
loops as a way of repeating a certain
action over and over like washing dishes
functions would be a collection of
actions such as cleaning a kitchen and
that includes doing dishes sweeping
mopping Dean oming under the sink
whatever it may be
and that's a Harry Potter reference for
an Emmy who got it so how do folks work
all right let's type this in and I'll
walk you through it step-by-step so
first we're going to type in d EF and
def is a way of saying hey I'm going to
be declaring a function and you can name
the function whatever you like so we're
going to name it does nothing so
following that you're going to punch in
a set of parentheses and ordinarily
you're going to put in arguments in here
but for right now we're just going to
stick with it being empty finally end it
with a colon and press Enter and now
notice that idle automatically indents
anticipating you to put some stuff in to
the function and here we can put in
whatever we want to execute over and
over again so for right now just type in
pass and if you remember from earlier
pass is more of a placeholder it doesn't
actually do anything it just tells the
computer to move on ok and press Enter
enter again and now the computer's
accepted it all right so to test this
out just type in does nothing
open close parenthesis enter and then
they accepted it great so we've actually
created our very first function
excellent
now the power of functions really come
from when you try to get something back
from a function this is where return
comes in return is a way to return
something back from a function it's a
form of output arguments are used for
input into functions and return is used
for output so let's try another example
we're going to type DF space lowercase
make uppercase 1 open close parentheses
colon enter return 1 enter enter all
right so it's accepted it now we're
going to type x equals make 1 the
function that we just created enter and
now type print X enter and now it's 1
perfect so now we've got a way to return
or output from a function excellent so
how do we push stuff into a function
that is with arguments arguments are a
way of passing information into a
function within the parentheses it's a
form of input and so arguments are way
of inputting into a function the same
way you put gas into a car and the
output from the function is the same as
the car driving around until it hits 88
miles per hour and travels through time
and so there's two types of arguments
there's regular arguments and keyword
arguments regular arguments are any
basic input that you want to pass into
the class they could be class instances
numbers strings variables lists
dictionaries etc keyword arguments
however are arguments that have an equal
sign that's declaring a variable within
the arguments that's going to be used
later it's a way of setting a default so
that the user doesn't necessarily have
to put it in however if the user chooses
to put in an argument into that spot
then it will be overridden alright so
let's try a third example in which we
start to use arguments we're going to
type in def space add capital T for 10
and then
my int and put in the parentheses :
enter my int plus equals 10 enter and
then we're going to return my int enter
enter now we're going to go ahead and
declare a variable that we're going to
use to pass it into the arguments we're
going to type in x equals 12
enter and now to see what arguments and
functions that we actually have created
we can use a special function by typing
in dir open close parenthesis enter and
here we'll see all the functions and
variables that are stored within our
file right now this is an extremely
useful command that we'll be using more
later but it's an a way to quickly get
see exactly what we've created and you
can see the make one function that we
created earlier the variable X we have
created and then the function add 10 in
here so it's a way of double checking
that we have our functions and variables
stored in memory all right so next we're
going to type in y equals add 10 open
parenthesis X close parenthesis enter
and finally we're going to type int and
print X comma Y enter and now notice
that the value for X is 12 however the
value of y is 22 why is this we passed X
into the function arguments why didn't
the value hold as +10 or 22 like whiten
you'd think that they would both be the
same value and this brings me to my next
big point local versus global variables
so up here in our def add 10 function
that we created
notice that we put in the my int is a
way of passing in a given variable and
then we add a 10 and then returned it
what happens is the function is actually
creating a copy of whatever is passed in
it's not actually adjusting the one we
passed in only making a copy I need to
emphasize this it's just a copy that
will be deleted at the
of the function took me a while to wrap
my head around it so I don't expect you
to get this the first time around if you
do your genius so you may be asking
yourself well what if I wanted to adjust
variables within function how would I do
that
what you'd use are Global's I'm not
going to get into that now but I will
discuss it in a later tutorial so next
we're going to discuss comments and
documenting and these are the most
important non-essential parts of
programming in other words your code
will work fine without it
but it will make your life hell if it's
not there so way to think of this is if
you're given code you can think of it as
being given a cell phone and the
comments are like the manual of the
phone and without the comments or
documentation you may not be able to
figure out how this new code or new
phone works so they're important to have
so the way that it's ties back into
functions is that you've got the
document string which you can think of
as the cover of the manual and the
comments you create within the code are
like pages within the manual okay so the
document string what is it
alright so the document string is a way
of creating a short description for your
function that can be accessed from
anywhere it comes immediately after your
definition of the function but before
any of the actual code and the way you
contain it is with triple quotes on
either side of the text comments on the
other hand are notes that are completely
ignored by the computer when it's doing
its computing it's a way to leave a
message for other programmers or for
yourself down the road it is also a way
to comment out broken code and need to
emphasise this whenever your code breaks
commenting it out is a great way of
debugging the way of creating a comment
is you simply start with a pound sign or
a sharp sign at the beginning statement
and then you just from then on it's
ignored so you can attach this at the
end of a line at right before a line or
after line whatever you choose all right
so let's go ahead and see an example of
both of these in action we're going to
type in def myfunc
open close parenthesis colon enter and
then type 3 single quotes
one two three enter tab and then we're
going to type in whatever we want and
I'm going to type in I documented
something period enter and then I'm
going to type three more single quotes
enter and I'm going to type a pound sign
now and type only seen in code view
comma comp ignores enter finally we're
going to end it this function with pass
PA SS enter enter and now python is
accepted it so now we're going to type
in a special command that will allow us
to see the document string so type in
prints my func dot underscore underscore
do c underscore underscore enter and now
we can access the document for that
specific function we create it and it
says i documented something cool alright
that's it for this lesson thank you so
much for watching great job keeping up
today definitely take a few minutes to
investigate these final examples as they
really have thought-provoking concepts
within them they may have some stuff
that I did not cover so I encourage you
to look them up at your leisure please
leave me a comment below if this helped
you in any way also do me a favor and
subscribe to my channel it would really
mean a lot to me and thank you so much
for your support and keep the dream
alive
welcome to another let's learn Python
basics please feel free to use and skip
ahead feature on the right side to jump
ahead to any specific section you want
to focus on today I'll be using Python
2.7 point 4 and you can download it from
Python org slash get it so without any
further ado let's open up idle so
today's focus is going to be functions
in Python and this will build heavily on
the past lessons so feel free to go back
and watch them again if anything is
unclear by clicking on the right side
alright so functions what are they
functions are a way to combine many
actions into a single process and so
it's ideal for situations where you're
going to be using it over and over and
over again so the last video I refer to
loops as a way of repeating a certain
action over and over like washing dishes
functions would be a collection of
actions such as cleaning a kitchen and
that includes doing dishes sweeping
mopping Dean oming under the sink
whatever it may be
and that's a Harry Potter reference for
an Emmy who got it so how do folks work
all right let's type this in and I'll
walk you through it step-by-step so
first we're going to type in d EF and
def is a way of saying hey I'm going to
be declaring a function and you can name
the function whatever you like so we're
going to name it does nothing so
following that you're going to punch in
a set of parentheses and ordinarily
you're going to put in arguments in here
but for right now we're just going to
stick with it being empty finally end it
with a colon and press Enter and now
notice that idle automatically indents
anticipating you to put some stuff in to
the function and here we can put in
whatever we want to execute over and
over again so for right now just type in
pass and if you remember from earlier
pass is more of a placeholder it doesn't
actually do anything it just tells the
computer to move on ok and press Enter
enter again and now the computer's
accepted it all right so to test this
out just type in does nothing
open close parenthesis enter and then
they accepted it great so we've actually
created our very first function
excellent
now the power of functions really come
from when you try to get something back
from a function this is where return
comes in return is a way to return
something back from a function it's a
form of output arguments are used for
input into functions and return is used
for output so let's try another example
we're going to type DF space lowercase
make uppercase 1 open close parentheses
colon enter return 1 enter enter all
right so it's accepted it now we're
going to type x equals make 1 the
function that we just created enter and
now type print X enter and now it's 1
perfect so now we've got a way to return
or output from a function excellent so
how do we push stuff into a function
that is with arguments arguments are a
way of passing information into a
function within the parentheses it's a
form of input and so arguments are way
of inputting into a function the same
way you put gas into a car and the
output from the function is the same as
the car driving around until it hits 88
miles per hour and travels through time
and so there's two types of arguments
there's regular arguments and keyword
arguments regular arguments are any
basic input that you want to pass into
the class they could be class instances
numbers strings variables lists
dictionaries etc keyword arguments
however are arguments that have an equal
sign that's declaring a variable within
the arguments that's going to be used
later it's a way of setting a default so
that the user doesn't necessarily have
to put it in however if the user chooses
to put in an argument into that spot
then it will be overridden alright so
let's try a third example in which we
start to use arguments we're going to
type in def space add capital T for 10
and then
my int and put in the parentheses :
enter my int plus equals 10 enter and
then we're going to return my int enter
enter now we're going to go ahead and
declare a variable that we're going to
use to pass it into the arguments we're
going to type in x equals 12
enter and now to see what arguments and
functions that we actually have created
we can use a special function by typing
in dir open close parenthesis enter and
here we'll see all the functions and
variables that are stored within our
file right now this is an extremely
useful command that we'll be using more
later but it's an a way to quickly get
see exactly what we've created and you
can see the make one function that we
created earlier the variable X we have
created and then the function add 10 in
here so it's a way of double checking
that we have our functions and variables
stored in memory all right so next we're
going to type in y equals add 10 open
parenthesis X close parenthesis enter
and finally we're going to type int and
print X comma Y enter and now notice
that the value for X is 12 however the
value of y is 22 why is this we passed X
into the function arguments why didn't
the value hold as +10 or 22 like whiten
you'd think that they would both be the
same value and this brings me to my next
big point local versus global variables
so up here in our def add 10 function
that we created
notice that we put in the my int is a
way of passing in a given variable and
then we add a 10 and then returned it
what happens is the function is actually
creating a copy of whatever is passed in
it's not actually adjusting the one we
passed in only making a copy I need to
emphasize this it's just a copy that
will be deleted at the
of the function took me a while to wrap
my head around it so I don't expect you
to get this the first time around if you
do your genius so you may be asking
yourself well what if I wanted to adjust
variables within function how would I do
that
what you'd use are Global's I'm not
going to get into that now but I will
discuss it in a later tutorial so next
we're going to discuss comments and
documenting and these are the most
important non-essential parts of
programming in other words your code
will work fine without it
but it will make your life hell if it's
not there so way to think of this is if
you're given code you can think of it as
being given a cell phone and the
comments are like the manual of the
phone and without the comments or
documentation you may not be able to
figure out how this new code or new
phone works so they're important to have
so the way that it's ties back into
functions is that you've got the
document string which you can think of
as the cover of the manual and the
comments you create within the code are
like pages within the manual okay so the
document string what is it
alright so the document string is a way
of creating a short description for your
function that can be accessed from
anywhere it comes immediately after your
definition of the function but before
any of the actual code and the way you
contain it is with triple quotes on
either side of the text comments on the
other hand are notes that are completely
ignored by the computer when it's doing
its computing it's a way to leave a
message for other programmers or for
yourself down the road it is also a way
to comment out broken code and need to
emphasise this whenever your code breaks
commenting it out is a great way of
debugging the way of creating a comment
is you simply start with a pound sign or
a sharp sign at the beginning statement
and then you just from then on it's
ignored so you can attach this at the
end of a line at right before a line or
after line whatever you choose all right
so let's go ahead and see an example of
both of these in action we're going to
type in def myfunc
open close parenthesis colon enter and
then type 3 single quotes
one two three enter tab and then we're
going to type in whatever we want and
I'm going to type in I documented
something period enter and then I'm
going to type three more single quotes
enter and I'm going to type a pound sign
now and type only seen in code view
comma comp ignores enter finally we're
going to end it this function with pass
PA SS enter enter and now python is
accepted it so now we're going to type
in a special command that will allow us
to see the document string so type in
prints my func dot underscore underscore
do c underscore underscore enter and now
we can access the document for that
specific function we create it and it
says i documented something cool alright
that's it for this lesson thank you so
much for watching great job keeping up
today definitely take a few minutes to
investigate these final examples as they
really have thought-provoking concepts
within them they may have some stuff
that I did not cover so I encourage you
to look them up at your leisure please
leave me a comment below if this helped
you in any way also do me a favor and
subscribe to my channel it would really
mean a lot to me and thank you so much
for your support and keep the dream
alive
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Nov 22, 2024 Last updated |
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