Class 11 Exam > Class 11 Videos > L12 : Alkanes Conformations - Hydrocarbons, Class 11
L12 : Alkanes Conformations - Hydrocarbons, Class 11 Video Lecture
FAQs on L12 : Alkanes Conformations - Hydrocarbons, Class 11 Video Lecture
| 1. What are alkanes conformations? |  |
Ans. Alkanes conformations refer to the different spatial arrangements or shapes that a molecule of alkane can adopt due to the rotation around its carbon-carbon (C-C) single bonds. These conformations are important in understanding the physical and chemical properties of alkanes.
| 2. How does the conformation of alkanes affect their physical properties? | |
Ans. The conformation of alkanes significantly impacts their physical properties. For example, different conformations can lead to variations in boiling points, melting points, and densities of alkanes. This is because different conformations result in different molecular shapes and packing arrangements, which influence intermolecular forces and molecular interactions.
| 3. What are the different types of conformations that alkanes can adopt? | |
Ans. Alkanes can adopt several different conformations, including the staggered conformation, eclipsed conformation, and gauche conformation. The staggered conformation is the most stable and energy-favorable arrangement, where the carbon atoms and their attached hydrogen atoms are as far apart as possible. The eclipsed conformation is less stable, with the carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms aligned directly above each other. The gauche conformation has a slight energy barrier and occurs when the carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are close but not directly aligned.
| 4. How can we determine the most stable conformation of an alkane? | |
Ans. The most stable conformation of an alkane can be determined by considering the torsional strain and steric hindrance. Torsional strain arises from the repulsion between electron clouds of atoms in eclipsed conformations, while steric hindrance arises from the repulsion between bulky substituents in gauche conformations. The conformation with the least torsional strain and steric hindrance is typically the most stable.
| 5. How can the conformation of alkanes be altered? | |
Ans. The conformation of alkanes can be altered by applying external energy, such as heat or light. This energy can overcome the energy barriers between different conformations and induce interconversion. Additionally, the conformation can also be influenced by the presence of substituents or other functional groups, which can introduce steric interactions and affect the stability of different conformations.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video in hydrocarbons
part 12 is brought to you by exam fear
calm your birth year from exam now we'll
talk code a very interesting topic
called confirmations so what happens is
if you see the alkanes they have single
CC right they have single signal these
born is single correct
so with this three rotation of this
carbon is allowed that means this carbon
is allowed to rotate you see this carbon
is allowed to rotate correct so let's
say this is my carbon one and this is my
carbon unit suppose so if you see I mean
both of a carbon rotate by just for a
clear understanding I'm a carbon one as
static in carbon too useful but now this
carbon can't put it right the free
rotation is a lot because there's a
single bond here had there been a double
bond this pi bond also in the feel
ordination was difficult correct but in
this case in a single bond the free
edition is possible and synth free
rotation is possible you can have so
many varieties of example in this case
et8 so you can have so many possible
options in one case these two hydrogens
are mapping some case they are not
mammal a two-way we can have n number of
different arrangement right so if you
say this rotation desert in two
different spatial arrangements of
hydration in the space and all these
spatula remains are called confirmations
or conformers or sudama's this is the
name given to all these special
arrangements they are called
confirmations or conformers or correct
so with this again say in an algae is
have infinite number of monomers correct
because they're the difference in the in
the degree can be very rain it can
differ by let's suppose point one degree
0.2 degree so it all depends on how
precise we are looking for they can be n
finite number of confirming confirming
so should we study all those it doesn't
make sense
we can study at least the extrange ones
correct so let's do that but before we
do that let me tell you one thing that
these rotations are not completely free
they're hindered by energy barrier and
that the energy barrier is 120 so it's
actually 120 kilo joule per mole but
this is very weak actually right this is
very easy it can easily work in but
there is some energy breaker barrier and
this energy barrier but torsional strain
give you these two carbon right there is
some energy barrier that restricts the
motion energy is one particularly power
is very small energy and this is got
torsional strain so they told you their
infinite number of confirmations of a
thing for example when they do extreme
case which we are crushing it correct so
extreme case are one in which the
hydrogen atoms are close together as
possible example these are as in this
case it is not the one actually but this
is a staggered one if you see all the
hydrogens are as far as possible
the next is the staggered where the
hydrogen atoms are as far as for example
in this case they are all as far as
possible all right this is example of
staggered in Eclipse if you rotate this
little bit more in this direction then
you see these hydrogen's will leave
close now if you see these languages are
apart correct we will show you the
advance will choose animation and all
the other intermediates are called skew
conformation so we are talking about
three combinations now eclipsed when the
hydrogen's are very close staggered when
the hydrogen's are very apart a and when
talking put hydrogens are not talking
about the hydrogen on these carbons all
of these carbon I'm talking about
hydrogen of these carbons with example
if I take one idly from these carbon I
will take another hydrogen from these
cover correct in that fashion and then
please no more an angle the bond length
everything is same we talk about this
land these angles they all save in them
confirmed they don't change only this
whole thing chain
this whole system rotates so as I told
you the Eclipse - example in this team
of the quest now is against a girl now
is again Eclipse they are nearby late
right again staggered now is again this
is Eclipse they are very close
this is staggered this again Eclipse
very close again staggered again this is
eclipse will show you how to now let's
understand the sawhorse projection so in
this prediction the molecule is viewed
along the molecule axis is the molecular
axis actually viewed along that
molecular axis and we draw a straight
line that is tinted left or right so you
can draw in this fashion of this fashion
both are fine right so in this case
still it towards right and the front
carbon is at the lower end is my front
carbon and this is my rear cover correct
and these each of these carbon has now
three lines attached to it it is nothing
but much rehiring items and these lines
are in flying at 120 each these angle is
1 km/h for lens 360 this is my sauce
formation shake you see this is my
clutched one because if you see these
two hydrogen's the one in the Reds they
are very close to each other and now if
you talk about staggered you see these
are not close if you see
three-dimensional way that you do
understand that see if you see in this
case had this also leading this style
then this hydrogen will have a closer to
this but now if you see it in this this
is is this this much this is far right
but if you just calculate here also this
distance is small this distance is
nothing but my distance but you talk
about this distance this is more right
you can apply the Pythagoras theorem in
the math we shave learn this distance is
nothing but this distance square plus
this square
with the triangle Ashley this is my
least distance is not max distance this
is a match to hydrogen this is the least
is Nene to hydrogen
correct the next is the Newman
projection
so in this prediction the molecule is
viewed at CC bond head-on UV from this
source hit on actually the carbon atom
ring into the eyes is by a point is the
point and three hydrogen atoms are
attached to the floor and carbon atom
they are shown in this fashion the line
in the line the rear carbon atom is
written by circle the circle represents
the rear carbon atom it's this is my
front copper atom this dot and the rear
is a circle right this is a circle in
the front carbon was back all right this
is my friend Robin Antin this whole
thing is mine yeah friend isn't that fun
and this whole circle is a vehicle this
front carbon and has a time it attached
to a three hydrogen and the rear is
attached to the three hydrogen glue
correct and all those angles are three
120 degrees because of baklava
II think and now you can see the angle
like so if you see this bangle is
eclipsed almost eclipsed it has to match
Ashley but if you match it the blue ones
more visible just to show that there's a
blue line here it is not merged this is
almost Eclipse because the distance
between these are least and this is
target because the distance between
these two hydrogens are max right now we
talked about the relative stability of
confirmations so as I told the maximum
is the repulsion the minimum is the
stable right so if you have maximum
reversion between these guys you have
any unstable so they talk about the
staggered became they are very far apart
these two hydrogen's are far about
maximum correct the distance is maximum
the repulsion is you know see
distance between hydrogen if you
increase this implies the function is
decreasing the deposit is decreasing
with realized stability is decreasing
and reverse is also true
so in the case of staggered resentment
in hydras maximum right so this terms
are quorobot s as as Max as possible the
difference maximum the repulsion force
is minimum and thus stability is maximum
okay so in case of the Eclipse one in
this case if you see the distance is
minimum the repulsion is maximum right
the repulsion is maximum and the
stability is correct so the Machine the
torsional strain which I told which will
prohibit the rotation actually which
obstruct the rotation that depends on
the angle of rotation about CC bond and
this angle those are called died high it
will wrangle on torsional angle correct
this angle is taut this is something
sheer talking about the magnitude of
strain depends on this angle correct the
angle is less the strength is less the
strain is more angular small strains
less like that and if you see the energy
difference between these two extremes is
only 12.5 kg but no it is 12.5 willing
permits very very small is very small
and thus we see that rotation of
carbonyl carbon table single mourns
anything is almost almost is minimum 5
is very small
thank you visit exam viacom to watch
free education videos try free online
tests get the best quality study
materials study from the best tutors and
mentors and much more
thanks and screen
part 12 is brought to you by exam fear
calm your birth year from exam now we'll
talk code a very interesting topic
called confirmations so what happens is
if you see the alkanes they have single
CC right they have single signal these
born is single correct
so with this three rotation of this
carbon is allowed that means this carbon
is allowed to rotate you see this carbon
is allowed to rotate correct so let's
say this is my carbon one and this is my
carbon unit suppose so if you see I mean
both of a carbon rotate by just for a
clear understanding I'm a carbon one as
static in carbon too useful but now this
carbon can't put it right the free
rotation is a lot because there's a
single bond here had there been a double
bond this pi bond also in the feel
ordination was difficult correct but in
this case in a single bond the free
edition is possible and synth free
rotation is possible you can have so
many varieties of example in this case
et8 so you can have so many possible
options in one case these two hydrogens
are mapping some case they are not
mammal a two-way we can have n number of
different arrangement right so if you
say this rotation desert in two
different spatial arrangements of
hydration in the space and all these
spatula remains are called confirmations
or conformers or sudama's this is the
name given to all these special
arrangements they are called
confirmations or conformers or correct
so with this again say in an algae is
have infinite number of monomers correct
because they're the difference in the in
the degree can be very rain it can
differ by let's suppose point one degree
0.2 degree so it all depends on how
precise we are looking for they can be n
finite number of confirming confirming
so should we study all those it doesn't
make sense
we can study at least the extrange ones
correct so let's do that but before we
do that let me tell you one thing that
these rotations are not completely free
they're hindered by energy barrier and
that the energy barrier is 120 so it's
actually 120 kilo joule per mole but
this is very weak actually right this is
very easy it can easily work in but
there is some energy breaker barrier and
this energy barrier but torsional strain
give you these two carbon right there is
some energy barrier that restricts the
motion energy is one particularly power
is very small energy and this is got
torsional strain so they told you their
infinite number of confirmations of a
thing for example when they do extreme
case which we are crushing it correct so
extreme case are one in which the
hydrogen atoms are close together as
possible example these are as in this
case it is not the one actually but this
is a staggered one if you see all the
hydrogens are as far as possible
the next is the staggered where the
hydrogen atoms are as far as for example
in this case they are all as far as
possible all right this is example of
staggered in Eclipse if you rotate this
little bit more in this direction then
you see these hydrogen's will leave
close now if you see these languages are
apart correct we will show you the
advance will choose animation and all
the other intermediates are called skew
conformation so we are talking about
three combinations now eclipsed when the
hydrogen's are very close staggered when
the hydrogen's are very apart a and when
talking put hydrogens are not talking
about the hydrogen on these carbons all
of these carbon I'm talking about
hydrogen of these carbons with example
if I take one idly from these carbon I
will take another hydrogen from these
cover correct in that fashion and then
please no more an angle the bond length
everything is same we talk about this
land these angles they all save in them
confirmed they don't change only this
whole thing chain
this whole system rotates so as I told
you the Eclipse - example in this team
of the quest now is against a girl now
is again Eclipse they are nearby late
right again staggered now is again this
is Eclipse they are very close
this is staggered this again Eclipse
very close again staggered again this is
eclipse will show you how to now let's
understand the sawhorse projection so in
this prediction the molecule is viewed
along the molecule axis is the molecular
axis actually viewed along that
molecular axis and we draw a straight
line that is tinted left or right so you
can draw in this fashion of this fashion
both are fine right so in this case
still it towards right and the front
carbon is at the lower end is my front
carbon and this is my rear cover correct
and these each of these carbon has now
three lines attached to it it is nothing
but much rehiring items and these lines
are in flying at 120 each these angle is
1 km/h for lens 360 this is my sauce
formation shake you see this is my
clutched one because if you see these
two hydrogen's the one in the Reds they
are very close to each other and now if
you talk about staggered you see these
are not close if you see
three-dimensional way that you do
understand that see if you see in this
case had this also leading this style
then this hydrogen will have a closer to
this but now if you see it in this this
is is this this much this is far right
but if you just calculate here also this
distance is small this distance is
nothing but my distance but you talk
about this distance this is more right
you can apply the Pythagoras theorem in
the math we shave learn this distance is
nothing but this distance square plus
this square
with the triangle Ashley this is my
least distance is not max distance this
is a match to hydrogen this is the least
is Nene to hydrogen
correct the next is the Newman
projection
so in this prediction the molecule is
viewed at CC bond head-on UV from this
source hit on actually the carbon atom
ring into the eyes is by a point is the
point and three hydrogen atoms are
attached to the floor and carbon atom
they are shown in this fashion the line
in the line the rear carbon atom is
written by circle the circle represents
the rear carbon atom it's this is my
front copper atom this dot and the rear
is a circle right this is a circle in
the front carbon was back all right this
is my friend Robin Antin this whole
thing is mine yeah friend isn't that fun
and this whole circle is a vehicle this
front carbon and has a time it attached
to a three hydrogen and the rear is
attached to the three hydrogen glue
correct and all those angles are three
120 degrees because of baklava
II think and now you can see the angle
like so if you see this bangle is
eclipsed almost eclipsed it has to match
Ashley but if you match it the blue ones
more visible just to show that there's a
blue line here it is not merged this is
almost Eclipse because the distance
between these are least and this is
target because the distance between
these two hydrogens are max right now we
talked about the relative stability of
confirmations so as I told the maximum
is the repulsion the minimum is the
stable right so if you have maximum
reversion between these guys you have
any unstable so they talk about the
staggered became they are very far apart
these two hydrogen's are far about
maximum correct the distance is maximum
the repulsion is you know see
distance between hydrogen if you
increase this implies the function is
decreasing the deposit is decreasing
with realized stability is decreasing
and reverse is also true
so in the case of staggered resentment
in hydras maximum right so this terms
are quorobot s as as Max as possible the
difference maximum the repulsion force
is minimum and thus stability is maximum
okay so in case of the Eclipse one in
this case if you see the distance is
minimum the repulsion is maximum right
the repulsion is maximum and the
stability is correct so the Machine the
torsional strain which I told which will
prohibit the rotation actually which
obstruct the rotation that depends on
the angle of rotation about CC bond and
this angle those are called died high it
will wrangle on torsional angle correct
this angle is taut this is something
sheer talking about the magnitude of
strain depends on this angle correct the
angle is less the strength is less the
strain is more angular small strains
less like that and if you see the energy
difference between these two extremes is
only 12.5 kg but no it is 12.5 willing
permits very very small is very small
and thus we see that rotation of
carbonyl carbon table single mourns
anything is almost almost is minimum 5
is very small
thank you visit exam viacom to watch
free education videos try free online
tests get the best quality study
materials study from the best tutors and
mentors and much more
thanks and screen
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Nov 28, 2024 Last updated |
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