Golgi Apparatus Video Lecture | Biology for EmSAT Achieve

welcome to this tutorial we will be
doing on the Golgi apparatus and
intracellular organelle that has a very
specialized job and by no means is
boring
so we have our eukaryotic cell here with
its nucleus and its endoplasmic
reticulum so we'll write that down
nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum and we
need to know that because our Golgi is
closely associated with the activity of
our endoplasmic reticulum so we have
these two structures here and we have
our Golgi apparatus
sitting close by and it's got this
strange are interwoven tube you'll kind
of shape that has vesicles coming off it
in almost every single direction so
we're going to write down that it's an
organelle composed of many membranous
sacs or tubes and it also has many
vesicles but like always we can't really
get a very good picture of it from above
just like this so we're going to zoom in
and actually quickly just before I zoom
in I'll draw a couple of those vesicles
surrounding the Golgi apparatus just so
we know they're kind of hanging around
there so we've got a vesicle here yeah
vesicle over here as well and now we're
going to zoom in so we'll draw our
little magnifying glass and we're going
to have a closer look so what we have
here in close proximity to our
endoplasmic reticulum is our Golgi
apparatus and we can see that apart from
having the vesicles coming off in our
all directions it actually looks quite
similar to the endoplasmic reticulum and
just like with our endoplasmic reticulum
we're going to call those in folds of
the Golgi apparatus membrane cisternae
we'll draw that up here quickly so these
in folds in this membrane structure of
the Golgi apparatus are called cisternae
exactly the same as our endoplasmic
reticulum but this is pretty much where
the similarities stop between these two
and something we're going to find with
the Golgi apparatus is it has two phases
the first of which being the safe space
or the receiving face and we're going to
find the sis base of the Golgi apparatus
facing toward our endoplasmic reticulum
and our second face will be the trans
face and we're going to find the trans
of shipping face pointing towards the
plasma membrane of our cell now we can
actually talk about what's happening
within our Golgi apparatus so what it's
going to be doing is modifying and
concentrating all the proteins and
lipids that are going to be entering the
Golgi apparatus from transport vesicles
that come from our endoplasmic reticulum
now let's draw this process so we get a
better idea of what's going on let's say
we've got this transport vesicle here
that's budding off from our endoplasmic
reticulum and it's delivering newly
folded proteins toward the sis or
receiving end of our Golgi apparatus and
those proteins are then going to be
modified and concentrated within that
Golgi apparatus now something else that
will happen is the newly folded proteins
or lipids or anything like that are
going to be tagged for delivery so if we
say this is a protein the Golgi
apparatus is going to put a tag on it
that says let's say it's going to be
liver your Golgi apparatus puts that tag
there and gives it an address gives it
an endpoint tells your body where it's
supposed to be going and it's going to
be sent off in new vesicles that will
bud away from the trans or shipping side
and we have a few different types
the vesicles that come off our Golgi
apparatus so we'll just point that first
one out we have the ones that are going
to our contain that new protein or fat
or enzyme or anything like that and
they're going to be called secretory
vesicles and they're then going to go
toward the plasma membrane of our cell
and exocytosis their content into the
our bloodstream or the surrounding
tissues to be delivered wherever it
needs to go and the second type of
vesicles that we have coming off our
Golgi apparatus are going to become our
lysosome so they're going to contain
inactive our digestive enzymes that have
been created within our cell and they're
going to bud off here into this new
vesicle which we will call the lysosome
and we'll talk about the lysosome in a
whole hour tutorial by itself so we've
got the lysosome here and our third or
last type of vesicle that we have
budding off our Golgi apparatus is one
that's simply going to contain
phospholipids and it's going to join our
lipid bilayer of the cell so it's going
to become part of the cell membrane and
I'll just draw some plasma membrane here
so we can get that picture really
clearly in our mind so our goal G
apparatus is going to have a vesicle
that will incorporate itself into that
plasma membrane to replace any of that
our phospholipid bilayer whenever the
need arises within our cell so we can
see that we have lots of vesicles doing
several different jobs and are
delivering contents and marking it for
delivery and that's why we call the
Golgi apparatus the post office of the
cell or the sorting center of the cell
so with that let's review quickly what
we know about the Golgi apparatus we
know it's an intracellular organelle
composed of many membranous sacs and is
going to be out releasing vesicles with
all different contents it has a sis and
a trans face so these sis being the
receiving the trans being me
being a face and it's going to modify
and concentrate proteins and lipids that
are coming from the endoplasmic
reticulum and tag them for delivery
around your body I hope that's made
things a little bit clearer for you as
always thanks for watching and I'll see
you again soon