Halogenation, Nitration, Sulphonation (Part - 29) - Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, Chemistry, Class 12 Video Lecture

hello friends this video on haloalkanes
and hello arenas par 29 is brought to
you by exam fear calm no more fear from
exam let's start with the first halogen
a electrophilic subtraction that is
halogenation reaction so what is
halogenation reaction I have a hell of a
read on because I am talking about the
reaction of Halloween so let's have this
hello arena here let me take this BB ah
let me add a chlorine here and to make
this chlorine electrophile but I have to
do is I have to use alcl3 or fecl3
anything in use so let me use a LCL
right and it will be in hydras now what
will happen is what will get is as I
told is ortho and para writing group so
I will get V R here and or I will get a
chlorine here
and also get up glory at ortho position
but this will be my nature right this is
one for dichlorobenzene this is one to
dichloro basic right
1 2 3 4 1 4 dichlorobenzene it is 1 2
dichloro this is the so this will change
will be 1 1 bromo for chloro benzene
1-bromo
to chlorobenzene that will be the name
of this height 1 robot folklore oh one
robot move euro basil so let's see the
reaction mechanism now so this is my
compound dr let suppose
right so if we draw the resulting
structure of this what you'll get is
when we has lone pair of electrons be
our class and then the break this
bondage becomes a negative charge and
then this is what you get in further
break this bond in this direction so
something like this what the pig is gone
you
correct now if you see I am using alcl3
and CLT right side I know what happens
is when alt l3 and l4 I get h + n ELC
into -
you
so cl+ see what it does is the CL bond
slightly negative slightly positive
right so alcl3 will attract this guy
this side so calm LCL 4 minus n CL class
correct so this will form the
electrophile CL + that is the reason by
using alcl3 now the CL + which we have
got here now it can attack any of the
negative sides hope you understand see
alcl3 this is my a else here this a or
CL z when it is in touch with a else CL
2 it will attract this seal in the
negative sign so it will become a LCL 4
minus n CL + now this CL class will
attack the negative center right this is
all in all this pushing is high perch
and also this all all this person is
hydrogen also if you see hey this is
hydrogen also here - all this pollution
area at this one hydrogen bond again
draw here your specific correct so let
us assume that it has a dark disposition
this guy what it will get is and it is
we are using a normal one because this
is the resonance structure so here it is
we are here have CL and NR h + CL s now
you see this carbon has got a positive
charge right because the CL it form the
bond now one two three four five bonds
to this carbon right which it will not
like since hydrogen will come out so it
will become something like this must be
the product in fact it can happen at
ortho position also that also position
will also come as a product that does
how it was
similar thing we look for nitration so
if you see this one I again take the
same let me take chlorobenzene here this
chlorobenzene when I react for nitrogen
I use ash equal three with some
concentration cell yes if this will give
you an updo I'll shoot the reaction
mechanism and with this what happens is
this inaudible dictation of the hydrogen
here and here
hydrogen is every direction so we'll get
the product no.2 is ortho and para right
so the spera is the major one this is a
major product and this is a minor this
is one LaRoque for nitrobenzene right
it's the reaction making signals so what
is happening I have nitric acid nitric
acid is nothing but this is the
structure of nitric acid hno3 now what
happens is when this reacts with
consulates or theory here is h-class
what happens is this or you can say that
H+ will attack this guy in production in
the Gombe head and you will get a water
and water will come out and you get
something like this positive sign and
develop
this will come off and what you get is
the perception that is what you'll get
any recorders has nitronium ion right
cybot is myotonia my so let me start the
reaction I have this initial compound
the chlorine here let me am trying to
add create a major product sir put the
hydrogen here if I can really have
hydrogen but I don't want to show
hydrogen make this more Messier so I'll
use a nitronium ion here the positive
charge this is nitronium ion will attack
this carbon correct why via zone that if
you die the resonance structure at ortho
position and platypus you now have a
negative charge on this carbon this
carbon a negative charge a dying this
fukushi so what it will form here is C H
here I'll have a note to them and this
gone will break and pause I charge you
come here right this bond will break
into minus n plus correct minus in plus
so on minus n ot will be added in minus
and plus will form a bond hope you
understand see you want to simplify what
you can do is same structure you can
write like this just for understanding
this bond you break in
- illness whether you just keep it now I
have n know the positive charge this
positive and the negative charge will
combine to form one correct this both
charge will go up yield a positive char
same thing I am doing here
he was hydrogen already here this is
what I get
correct this is what I get
you see this is reverence to apply
Jackie you wanting an either living
structure of this this is everyone
stabilized so this born we break and
this will go in this direction in form
this bond here he'll be the positive
charge H for the break is born here the
lady see there is a resonating structure
for these like the leg node that's
because the more stable is to show it's
more stable now and then with this what
will happen is they want to get it to
get rid of this positive charge so this
will go off this will go off sorry this
will go up in this - these are this bond
will break in this election so hydrogen
will part with a positive shard in this
linear negative charge in this negative
charge buzzer for ma pawn so what you
get here is the same correct because
this bond broke in this fashion this
called a negative charge is got a
positive charge cause you hadn't came
out and this negative at this post
informal one this is the output you live
for this nitration range text in the
cell for sulphonation reaction very
similar to nitration reaction so here
again I'll take chlorobenzene and I will
show all the hydrogen here just to make
sure that you don't forget there is a
hydrogen here here we use concentration
sulfuric acid and what you get is
chlorine it or composition is a three
inch on a mess every edge add just for
chlorobenzene sulphonic acid this is a
major part so let's see the reaction
making
so in this case my h2so4 will form h2o
and sn3
now a so 3 is a electrified CSO 3 this
is also 3 is there's no charge or its
electrophile by because oxygen is
electronegative an oxygen will try to
pull electrons towards itself
hey towards itself away from sulphur so
sulphur will get be devoid of electrons
sulphur will be electronically if sulfur
is electron hungry that is that means it
is electrophilic all right why because
if you see suppose not having a charge
but still all the opposite try to
attract electron toward some sulfur it
will become electron hundred let's see
the reaction mechanism here
chlorobenzene I have a
so3 here to attack so now what happened
this is the electrophorus it has
electron rich thing rates double bond
this will attack this sulfur the surface
electron hungry
what will form is bond will break Ashley
and this you get a so3 here enjoy in
this fashion receive a single toy
clearly correct I have gone here I have
gone here is chlorine here this bond
broke and I got I had one hydrogen here
at this point I go to sulfur the double
gone here the double bond here and one
with a single bond negative charge how
because in this bond ro this also
correct so I got this compound and here
I'll get upon section I because when
this bond drove right this became
negative this became positive and this
what we see this way this became
positive this became negative the born
broke here also this bond move in this
action is given a digital poster so now
this positive negative comes along so if
you don't understand the flow of bond
you can just break the bond and positive
needin try to form the bond so I I broke
this born in positive and negative this
is positive this is and I broke this
bond also in positive ending it did and
this positive negative I formed the bond
this is the bond newborn right this
positive and negative is in any game
this is what you will get now what will
happen is this is a positive charge head
want to get rid off and there is a
negative charge here it wants on
hydrogen so it will take this hydrogen
from this place oxygen will take
hydrogen from this place this having a
belief again if you see this bond will
break into positive and negative right
this is the positive and this will be
negative this positive negative in from
one right so I'm just drawing it for
your come is this positive a negative
for my bonds what will get end is - it
will come here so what you get here is s
Oh H I could have drawn this way Ashley
this is always just not to confuse you
guys you system is all same but this one
to make sure this orientation is
maintained yeah this is a chlorine here
and you get this compound so interested
the reaction mechanism behind
sulfonation we DZ I have a so3 this is
electron hungry so it's electrophilic in
nation area tart
this bond broke in the positive negative
this bond broke into positive negative
this negative and positive forms upon
you got this either the positive is a
negative shot you want to get rid of
this this hydrogen will leave this will
become positive or negative is positive
in power bond and this positive will
come here thank you
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