Reducing, non-reducing sugar, aldose, ketose (Part - 4) - Biomolecules, Chemistry, Class 12 Video Lecture

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carbohydrates can also be classified as
reducing sugars and non-reducing sewers
so we talk about reducing sugars all the
carbohydrates which reduce failing
solution or tollens reagent are reducing
sugars and the one that doesn't reduce
this failing solution column solution
are non reducing sugars please note this
reducing carbohydrate should have
aldehydes ketone or hemiacetal linked if
it has either of these they will be up
it is for example if you see this is
what this is Rd height this is what our
are - this is a ketone is our cos are
behind this is ketone
this is Hemi a signal where you have h
this is my carbonyl which one R and H
this is Hemi sintel so all these three
in the black will be a reducing singer
this is what this is acetone that is two
different arts and two different bars
this you will not be able to reduce this
will not reduce actually the failing
solution or tolerance region so this
will be non reducing sugar correct and
please note that we will see that all
more o saccharides all moon smack rides
are reducing sugar in fact all
disaccharides are also really physical
with one exception and that is sucrose
so or disaccharide will we will see this
also
let's try it's accept sucrose they are
reducing super so we'll discuss these
things in details when we talk about the
monosaccharides in detail and by segment
and it will just understand that we have
two different types of carbohydrates one
is called reducing sugar the is called
non addition sugars the reducing sugars
are the one which has free aldehydes
ketones or heavy is it early
please remember this aldehyde ketone or
hemiacetal incubator has let me add this
world free it has to be free then it
will be a reducing sugars if it doesn't
have it will be non reducing sugar will
show you these things in details in the
next few slides be is on the number of
carbon atoms and the functional group
present in the carbohydrate the
carbohydrates or the monosaccharides can
further be classified please note this
classification is not for carbohydrates
this is only for guru saccharides one
small unit
so once pollen as I told it can have
three carbon the minimum has the
glyceraldehyde right it can have four
carbon fiber burn that is something like
this right
when you put over H nu H it this is one
unit one unit can have three carbons or
four carbons and five carbons so based
on that and also based on the function
hope and if we told that the
monosaccharides or any carbohydrates
will only have aldehydes and ketones
right so basically is aldehyde or ketone
we call it our lows and Kito's i'm libya
cheetos if it is having keto group our
lows if it has LD hike rule so in the
monosaccharide contains early high group
it is called our lows if it contains
keto group it is called Cheetos correct
and then days of the number of carbon
atom for example if it has three carbon
again we are starting with three william
three we explained why think yes you are
right it is because three carbons are
required
you said behind because it is
polyhydroxy right this polyhydroxy the
to convert to voyage and when aldehyde
or ketone so one carbon for aldehyde or
ketone so mininum three carbon is
required so it start with three three
carbon it is called trials sin delta if
it has aldehyde group so this trials can
be further classified as aldo trials or
kiotas page on whether i am talking
about aldehyde trials or keto tryouts
similarly this Tedros is a
monosaccharide which has four carbon and
this state pros can further be
classified as aldo dead rose or keto red
rose based on the fact whether it is the
high group or ketone room so if you see
here my glucose glucose how many carbon
six carbon correct and it is aldehyde or
ketone aldehyde we are just seen so
glucose will be a low Hyksos why because
the glucose has six carbon and it's part
of aldehyde group we have seen this
structure of glucose actually we will
see the structure again it is something
like this one to delimit will see the
structure in the next few slides clip
intra one two three four five six carbon
here right this is my aldehyde group
here and these all has OAH group right
and this is ch2oh this is the kind of
structure we will talk about the
orientation of this in the next few
slides this understand is the kind of
structure we have I think this is OS and
again this is H and this is H that is o
a shear H here as shear and I chair this
will be the structure of glucose enable
discuss this in detail in the next few
slides so this has six carbon so it will
divide a hexose and since its aldehyde
group it is a logic sauce correct
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