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Morgan dihybrid cross experiment - Principles of Inheritance and Evolution, Biology, Class 12 Video Lecture

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1. What is a dihybrid cross experiment in the context of Morgan's principles of inheritance and evolution?

A dihybrid cross experiment is a breeding experiment performed by Thomas Hunt Morgan to study the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously. It involves crossing two parents that differ in two traits, and analyzing the inheritance patterns of these traits in the offspring. Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment with fruit flies provided evidence for the principle of independent assortment, which states that alleles for different traits segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

2. How did Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment contribute to our understanding of inheritance and evolution?

Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment provided strong evidence for the principle of independent assortment, which is a fundamental concept in the field of genetics. It demonstrated that alleles for different traits segregate independently during the formation of gametes, challenging the previously accepted idea of complete linkage. This experiment also supported the concept of genetic recombination, as Morgan observed that some offspring had combinations of traits not present in either parent. These findings helped solidify the understanding of how traits are inherited and how genetic variation arises, which are key factors in the process of evolution.

3. What were the major findings of Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment?

Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment with fruit flies yielded several important findings. First, he confirmed the principle of independent assortment, showing that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another. Second, he observed that some offspring had combinations of traits not present in either parent, indicating genetic recombination through crossing over during meiosis. Third, Morgan discovered that certain traits appeared to be linked, with a higher frequency of inheritance together than expected based on independent assortment. This led to the concept of genetic linkage and the discovery of sex-linked inheritance.

4. How did Morgan choose fruit flies as the model organism for his dihybrid cross experiment?

Morgan chose fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as the model organism for his dihybrid cross experiment for several reasons. Fruit flies have a short lifespan and reproduce quickly, allowing for multiple generations to be studied in a short period. They also have a small genome, making it easier to identify and study specific genes. Additionally, fruit flies have easily observable traits, such as eye color, wing shape, and body color, which can be used to track inheritance patterns. These traits can be easily manipulated through selective breeding, making fruit flies an ideal organism for genetic experiments.

5. How does Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment relate to the principles of inheritance and evolution?

Morgan's dihybrid cross experiment provided crucial evidence for the principles of inheritance and evolution. The experiment supported the principle of independent assortment, which is fundamental to our understanding of how traits are inherited. It also demonstrated the concept of genetic recombination and the occurrence of crossing over during meiosis, which contributes to genetic variation and the evolution of new traits. Morgan's findings in fruit flies paved the way for further research on genetics and provided a solid foundation for the study of inheritance patterns and the mechanisms of evolution.

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