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Hardy Weinberg Principle Examples Video Lecture | Science for ACT

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1. What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Ans. The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, is a fundamental concept in population genetics. It describes the theoretical conditions necessary for a population to maintain genetic equilibrium over generations, assuming no evolutionary forces are acting upon it.
2. What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Ans. The Hardy-Weinberg principle is based on several assumptions, including: a large population size, random mating, no migration, no mutation, and no natural selection. These assumptions are required for genetic equilibrium to be maintained in a population.
3. How can the Hardy-Weinberg principle be used to study genetic diseases?
Ans. The Hardy-Weinberg principle can be used to estimate the frequency of disease-causing alleles in a population. By comparing the observed and expected allele frequencies, researchers can identify if a genetic disease is more prevalent than expected, which may indicate the presence of evolutionary forces such as natural selection or genetic drift.
4. Can the Hardy-Weinberg principle be applied to real populations?
Ans. While the Hardy-Weinberg principle provides a useful framework for understanding population genetics, it is important to note that real populations rarely meet all the assumptions of the principle. Factors such as migration, mutation, and natural selection can influence allele frequencies in natural populations. However, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can still provide valuable insights into the evolutionary processes at work.
5. How is the Hardy-Weinberg principle calculated and interpreted?
Ans. The Hardy-Weinberg principle can be calculated using mathematical equations based on allele frequencies. For a given genetic locus with two alleles, the equation p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 represents the genotype frequencies in a population, where p and q are the frequencies of the two alleles. The interpretation of the equation allows us to determine the expected frequencies of different genotypes in a population under the assumption of genetic equilibrium. Deviations from these expected frequencies can indicate the presence of evolutionary forces.
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