Cancer Diagnosis & treatment - Human Health and Diseases, Biology, Class 12 Video Lecture

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and disease is part 21 is brought to you
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how is cancer diagnosed and treated
now treatment comes later first of all
it has to be diagnosed there the tumor
which exists inside the body of a person
is cancerous now the diagnosis in is
very important because detection of
certain types of cancer at an early
stage and completely cure the disease
the best example which I gave you is of
the breast cancer now if it is at a very
early stage that means the cancer which
anishka initiated and the breast is
still confined to the breast location so
it has not spread to the other organs
now every cancer detection will involve
stages like stage 0 stage 1 stage 2
stage 3 and so on
now once the cancer reaches the final
stage that would mean that it has spread
all over the body so that time it is not
possible to cure it because you just
cannot keep on removing different parts
of the body right so it is not curable
so it is curable only when it is at the
early stages like stage 0 or stage 1 or
stage 2 so because in these stages at
least it is confined within a limited
area so all you can do is you can
surgically remove those parts of the
body and then you can give some
treatment just to ensure that cancer the
cells are not present anywhere else in
the body so that that means it can be
treated but for that detection at an
early stage is very important so the
techniques which are used for detection
are biopsy now what happens in biopsy in
this what happens is there the portion
where the difficulty or when a tumor is
said to be found let us suppose somebody
found that there is some tumor like
thing near her dressed so what happens
is a small portion of that tissue is
taken out is cut and taken out of the
and then lot of studies is done on that
particular tissue that histopathological
study is done just to see if what kind
of cells are there it is kept for quite
few days and then it is seen how the
growth is how cells divide and how fast
they grow so all those studies are done
based on that small portion which is
taken out of that infected tissue or
that infected tumor now this biopsy can
actually tell if the if that particular
tumor is a malignant tumor or a benign
tumor and then be used on that for the
treatment can be considered now given
before biopsy radiograph we for MI and
also help just to understand Google with
the help of standing only you will get
to know if there is something inside the
body for example even intends us to and
it is not it doesn't happen always that
a person will feel the presence of a
tumor from external sometimes the tumor
is located deep inside and you really
can't feel it externally so in that
those cases MRI or radiographic and
actually help you to see that yes a
tumor exists now once you know that a
tumor exists in that particular location
then a biopsy can be performed about a
smaller mass of cell or a small portion
of the tissue is taken out and then
histopath illogical studies are done
forward it to check whether it is
cancerous or not whether it is a benign
tumor or a management too much so this
is how the diagnosis procedure takes
place then comes the treatment now once
it has been diagnosed that yes it is
cancerous now one of the treatments so
obviously there are many different
approaches to treat cancer however as I
said if it is at the final stage it
cannot be cured
again if it is in a vital organ like
lungs or liver in that case you cannot
remove those organs so it cannot be
completely cure but it is partially it
can be cured that - if it is at an early
stage so the common approaches for
treatment of surgery that is the first
step because it is very much important
to remove all the cancerous
from the body so even if a person has
breast answered if the if it is at a
stage one or a stage two a little later
stage the entire breast is removed to be
on the safer side so surgery will remove
the cancerous cells from the body the
second step is chemotherapy now what is
done in this therapy chemo means
chemical therapy means a medication so
specific drugs are used to kill specific
cancerous cells now there are drugs to
kill specific cancerous cells now these
drugs basically kills all the cells that
are growing in the body so it stops or
it kills the growing cells of the body
so as a result of this it is not very
specific in its action it is it is
specific in the sense that it can kill
the growing cells but there are certain
other cells in the body also which are
growing for example the hair cells our
hair keeps growing all the time the
nails of our body keeps going all the
time
now when the chemotherapy continues what
happens is the patient often goes bald
that's because the hair doesn't grow
hair stops going in completely because
the hair cells also die due to these
drugs again the nails stop growing the
rains often turn black and it stops
growing so all these are some of the
side effects in fact after chemotherapy
some of them feel very weak and a lot of
care is actually required during the
vial them during the duration of the
chemotherapy
so this chemotherapy is again helpful in
the sense that it kills all the growing
cells of the body so a lot of cancerous
cells also get killed by this
chemotherapy but the side effects are
too much sometimes to beer for a patient
and then the third approach is
radiotherapy so in this again a
radiation is given to kill the cancerous
cells so these radiation will kill the
cancerous cells now most of in most of
the cases what happens is all these
three approaches are followed then if
some
before somebody attention has been
detected in stage zero where it was just
a very my new to tomb and where the
chances of it spreading even in the
nearby area is very less the enact is
only surgery can help but if even if the
stage is stage one where the tumor is
little bit so the doctors might might
remove that particular tumor during
surgery but still they will give
chemotherapy and also radiotherapy just
to ensure that there are no cancerous
cells even in the surrounding of that
particular that put that infected area
for example let us take the example of
breast tumour again if you have a tumor
in the breast there are chances that not
only the breast the lymph nodes can also
get impacted because the lymph nodes
near your breasts are located the lymph
nodes now once the lymph nodes get
impacted what can happen through the
lymph it can actually spread to the
different parts of the body so that can
happen so what happens is the doctor
will check and will remove the breast or
it will remove the tumor from the breast
it will check for the lymph nodes if he
feels that there might be infection even
if he has doubt that there can be some
infection the lymph nodes he will remove
the lymph nodes as well so the breast
and the lymph nodes are all clear now
but still if he feels that the lymph
node was also impacted to some extent so
in that case you has this doubt if it
has got spread to some other part of the
body so that is why he will preferred
him he will also recommend chemotherapy
following following which there will be
review therapy so once this entire
process is complete in that case it can
be ensured that the patient doesn't have
any more cancerous cells in his or her
body so this is the normal process of
treatment for cancer which is very time
consuming tedious and also very
difficult for the patient but at least
now we have some approach for treatment
because for a long time people have been
striving the scientists have been
striving to find out drugs to find out
to treat cancer now even some drug czar
have started coming up which can be
replaced emo therapy however that is not
going to practice yet but research is
going on so that the entire process of
chemotherapy can be replaced with drugs
which will be very specific in action so
that they do not have these major side
effects on the patient thank you please
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