Vaccination Video Lecture | Chemistry for Class 9

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vaccination you all would have often
heard people that they take small kids
kids to the vaccination centers where
they give their vaccines not only kids
even for adults we often hear that a
vaccination has come up against the
survivor cancer or a vaccination has
come up against polio tetanus measles
like so there are vaccines specific to a
particular disease so it is it is like
if you take that vaccine you will not
get that disease in your life right so
you will get rid of that disease by get
by being vaccinated ok so what actually
is vaccination what actually is given to
your body that makes the body not get
the disease again so it was in seventeen
hundreds when the scientists Edward
Jenner he observed that a person
suffering from cow pox did not get it
again you all would have been familiar
with chicken pox these things nor many
people get chicken pox when you get
blisters all over your body
and it takes a lot of time to heal and
then gradually the blisters drive off
and are shredded from your body right
you also get fever and lot of weakness
or I also have company by accompanied
with it like so similarly there was a
disease called smallpox in earlier days
and it was a very deadly disease and it
was found that when you put this disease
happen to somebody in many of the cases
people died sometimes it was it was
quite severe and people were always
afraid because it was an infectious
disease it easily transferred from one
person to another
so people were afraid to go near that
person so sometimes it also happen that
people were afraid even to take care of
that person but at the same time
were seen that somebody who got smallpox
again did not get smallpox in his later
life right so it happened only once in a
lifetime it was an observation okay so
this scientist Edward Jenner he observed
the cow pox so that was also kind of pox
which happened which were generally seen
I mean which generally came from cows so
it was generally seen in the cowboys and
people who do care of the cattle so if
we saw that people who went cow pox was
near less severe than smallpox in fact
it was very less severe when compared to
small small box right so it was generous
observation that a person who had
suffered from cow pox once he never got
cow pox neither he got smallpox ever in
his life so that sounded quite
interesting and convincing to general so
he did an experiment he experimented
with a cowboy he gave him a cow pox
vaccine so what is a vaccine actually
now what does vaccination it is a
process in which a vaccine is given to
improve the immunity of the body against
a specific disease so a body will get a
disease or not is all about immunity of
the body so in vaccination what do you
do you actually either give injections
or you give some drops of vaccine so it
is a medicine which is given to the body
it is not actually medicine what does
VAX and I'll tell you later
so this vaccine is given so that the
body's immunity increases against a
specific disease so if the immunity
increases then whenever the disease will
attack the body the immune
we'll win and the person will not get
that disease so that is the logic now
the question is what is there in that
vaccine which helps to improve the
immunity so back cell is a biological
preparation that resembles a disease it
is like let us suppose let us take the
example of smallpox like not smallpox
let me first complete the story of
Edward Jenner right so as I was telling
so what he experimenting he gave cow pox
vaccine to a cowboy so what was the cow
pox vaccine it was a sample of the
microbe which causes cow pox the cow pox
is also caused by a micro so a sample of
that micro may be a very weak micro or a
dead micro but which is a similar
microbe which causes a cow pox that kind
of microbe is injected inside the body
of that cowboy now what happens the
immune system see is that for the first
time see is that microbe for the first
time right so the immune system tries to
fight back
now since this in the vaccine the
microbe which is given it is a very weak
microbe or a dead microbe therefore it
does not harm the body too much so the
immune system is able to manage that
vaccine but at the same time the immune
system recognizes that micro so the next
time it attacks the body again so the
now immune system knows that this
microbe can cause this so he knows the
opponent strength so now the immune
system attacks with greater strength and
as a result the immune system wins so
did you understand it let us suppose if
there is a fight between you and your
enemy for the first time when the enemy
attacks you you don't have any idea
above the strength of the enemy right so
some there is a possibility that you
might get defeated but the next time in
the
any enemy comes and attacks you you know
the strength of the enemy so that is why
you will fight back with greater
strength and you win so that is why
people who suffers from smallpox or cow
pox once they never got it again in
their life and because the first time
they suffered it that their immune
system recognizes that microbe
so the next time when the microbe attack
the immune system fought back with
greater strength and as a result the
immune system won the fight and the body
root of suffer from the disease
all right so using the same logic Edward
Jenner prepared a sample which will
resemble a microbe that caused the
disease but at the same time he made it
off dead or very weak microbes because
if he give if he puts strong microbes in
the back cells and what will happen it
might the vaccine itself might affect
the body right so he used very weak
microbes or dead microbes so in that
case the vaccine did not have much
adverse effect on the body but at the
same Bank the immune system get to
recognize that micro so that next time
the micro comes and tries to attack the
body the immune system is definitely
going to win so this is the concept of
vaccination an Edward Jenner
experimented with that cowboy and he it
was found that he never suffered from
smallpox so what did he observe he
concluded that a cow pox vaccine was
good too not to suffer from smallpox
so that cow pox vaccine was given to
everybody so that they do not get
smallpox and gradually this disease
smallpox was completely eradicated these
days we do not see people getting this
disease called smallpox right so this
was the first time that vaccination came
into picture
now following smallpox scientists
started finding out vaccines for many
other deadly diseases like tetanus
measles polio so there are so many
since available right so these actions
if you take it the body's immunity gets
prepared for that specific disease and
that is why the body does not get that
disease again so I hope I have been able
to explain you what is vaccination right
okay so the success of vaccination the
success came with the eradication of
smallpox smallpox was completely
eradicated with this vaccine and that is
where the vaccination became a big hit
many other diseases like polio tetanus
measles have also been reduced to a
large extent because even now we see
people suffering from polio that is also
because of negligence II of parents to
some extent because when a child is born
you will see that in theory also you get
Ad advertisements saying that this is
the polio day then you should come and
get your child that would your vaccine
now it is your responsibility to take
your child then get the polio vaccine
right now if you do not get the rash
since then there is a chance that we
might be affected by these kind of
diseases okay so these vaccines but it
has definitely reduced these diseases to
a very large extent so that is how
vaccination became a big success so even
now scientists are working on trying to
get vaccines for many other businesses
like recently they found out the
vaccination for cervical cancer because
cervical cancer was becoming very common
amongst to be men these days so they
found out about sin against that
effective vaccination now does it mean
that if somebody takes vaccine against a
particular disease is it that 100% you
will not get that disease so how much
effective is vaccination now it mean it
depends now
effectiveness of vaccines varies with
the type of disease for example if we
talk about smallpox the effectiveness
was 100% because smallpox was completely
eradicated there was not even a single
person who was vaccinated and still we
got smallpox
so there the effectiveness was hundred
percent but there are diseases where the
effectiveness is not 100 percent there
lies a possibility when you where
vaccine
but still you got the disease but then
again that also depends on many factors
for example for older people larger
doses are required because for older
people their immune system is less
stronger as compared to younger people
right so already their immune system is
not very strong
so in order to make the immune system
more strong you need to give more dosage
of the vassal so the dosage of vaccine
should be moved for older people
vaccination schedule has to be followed
what do you mean by vaccination schedule
you don't see that it is not that you
just go one day you take the injection
you come back and it is done it is not
like that there what four different
diseases depending upon each disease
depending upon the type of vaccine which
is given given and depending upon the
age group of the patients you have a
vaccination schedule maybe they will say
that you have to take this injection
three times it is at an interval of six
months so you have to follow that
schedule similarly maybe for some other
disease they might say that you will
have to come twice at an interval of two
months to get the vaccine so it is you
who has to follow the vaccination
schedule right so depending upon the
type of disease depending upon your age
and depending upon the type of vaccine
which is given a specific vaccination
schedule it has to be followed so if all
these things are followed the
possibility or the effectiveness of
vaccination increases right now if
suppose if somebody is 80 years old and
he took the same dosage of vaccine as
was given to a five-year-old kid so in
that case obviously there are chances
that even after vaccination he might get
a disease correct so the effectiveness
of vaccination depends upon all these
factors okay so with this I will
conclude this lesson on none diseases
cause of diseases how can we prevent
them and how can we treat them so now
it's time to look at some of the
exercises thank you please visit
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