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Variation in Atomic & Ionic Sizes of Transition Metals Video Lecture | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

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FAQs on Variation in Atomic & Ionic Sizes of Transition Metals Video Lecture - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET

1. What is the difference between atomic size and ionic size in transition metals?
Ans. Atomic size refers to the size of an atom, which is determined by the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus. Ionic size, on the other hand, refers to the size of an ion, which is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons. In transition metals, the atomic size remains relatively constant across the period, while the ionic size can vary depending on the oxidation state of the metal.
2. How does the atomic size of transition metals vary across the periodic table?
Ans. In general, the atomic size of transition metals decreases from left to right across a period. This is due to the increasing nuclear charge, which attracts the outermost electrons more strongly, resulting in a smaller atomic size. However, within a particular period, the atomic size of transition metals remains relatively constant as the effect of shielding from inner electrons balances out the increased nuclear charge.
3. Why do transition metals have smaller atomic sizes compared to main group elements?
Ans. Transition metals have smaller atomic sizes compared to main group elements due to the presence of partially filled d orbitals. These d orbitals are closer to the nucleus and shield the outermost electrons less effectively, leading to a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons. This results in a smaller atomic size for transition metals compared to main group elements.
4. How does the ionic size of transition metals vary with different oxidation states?
Ans. The ionic size of transition metals can vary with different oxidation states. In general, when a transition metal ion gains electrons and forms a negative ion (anion), the ionic size increases compared to the neutral atom. This is because the added electrons repel each other, causing the ion to expand. On the other hand, when a transition metal ion loses electrons and forms a positive ion (cation), the ionic size decreases compared to the neutral atom. This is because the loss of electrons reduces the electron-electron repulsion, causing the ion to contract.
5. How does the variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition metals affect their chemical reactivity?
Ans. The variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition metals affects their chemical reactivity. Smaller atomic and ionic sizes result in a higher effective nuclear charge, leading to stronger bonding and higher reactivity. Transition metals with larger atomic and ionic sizes are generally more reactive as their outermost electrons are further from the nucleus and experience weaker attraction, making them easier to remove or share in chemical reactions. Additionally, the variation in atomic and ionic sizes also influences the ability of transition metals to form complexes and exhibit different oxidation states, which further impacts their chemical reactivity.
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