Direction of Electric Current - Electric Current & Circuits, Science, Class 7 Video Lecture

hello friends this video on electric
current and its effects part two is
brought to you by exam for your calm no
more fear from exam so now let us talk a
bit more about electrons because
electrons and egg they play the leading
role in the concept of electric current
so before we talk about electrons let's
see from where the concept of electrons
come into picture now anything that we
see around us anything whether it is the
chair it is the table it is a cat it is
the the fire windows clock or whatever
whatever we see around us what are they
they are nothing but matter whether it
is living organism or it is a non living
organism everything that we see around
us is matter so anything that we see
around us is matter so matter is
something that occupies some space for
example if you look at this chair this
chair occupies some space even though
the chair is a nonliving object
similarly when you look at the cat the
cat also occupies some space and this is
a living object so all of these and
examples of matter now when you see what
is matter made above we see that matter
is made up of molecules now let us take
examples of some molecules for example
let's say water water it is a molecule
so one molecule of water length several
molecules of water might reside in a
good amount of water so basically the
molecule water is nothing but H 2 O so
here you can see this big ball is o and
the smaller balls are the hydrogen to
hydrogen and one oxygen that's h2o
similarly you have different types of
molecules it may be we play nearly in
there all modeling now when you look at
the composition of the molecules you see
that the molecules are made up of atom
so each molecule so here you have the
venom
think of the water molecule you see that
the water 1q intern available atoms that
are hydrogen and oxygen so these are the
atoms of which the molecules are made up
of and finally when you look at the
composition of atom you see that atom is
made up of three types of particles and
those three types of particles are
proton Neutron and electron so these are
the three types of particles which form
atoms so when you look at the structure
of atom you see that there is a central
core which can which is positively
charged and this central core of the
atom is called nucleus a nucleus
contains two type of particles that is
proton and neutron so protons are
positively charged particles and
neutrons and neutrals therefore the net
charge of the core on the net charge of
the nucleus is positive whereas
electrons are negatively charged
particles and the electrons they revolve
in this orbit so if you see the
electrons are not present inside the
nucleus they're present outside the
nucleus and they keep moving around them
nucleus there we different planets
revolve around the Sun in a similar way
here the electrons revolve around the
nucleus so now here if you compare three
particles and it's electron proton and
neutron so out of these three only one
is mobile only one is capable of moving
from one place to another and that is
electron as you can see here also the
electron is moving around to the nucleus
and this movement of electrons result in
electric current so the concept of
electric current is very similar to the
concept of say water current so when we
talk about water current it is nothing
but the flow of water so when water
flows at a very high speed the current
that is generated is termed as water
current in a similar wave flow of
electrons constitute that electric
current so this is where the electrons
lie and this from this is where from
which the electron
in pain so we are now going to discuss
something even more interesting so we
are going to talk about the direction of
flow of electric current so we saw that
electric current is nothing but flow of
electrons now the question is how do we
know which is the direction of electric
current now you might think that that's
going to be quite obvious the direction
in which the electrons are flowing that
should be the direction of electric
current but what happened was there
there happen some confusion with regards
to the direction of electric current
before the electrons were discovered so
so that time the scientists thought that
the flow of charges which constitute
current those charges are not electrons
but protons because that time electrons
were not at all discovered so nobody
knew what an electrons so they thought
that since there are some charges
flowing so these charges could be
protons now what are protons I discussed
in the previous slide right they are
positively charged particles so these
scientists say that the direction of the
electric current is going to be the
direction of the flow of protons but
later when electrons were discovered it
was found that it was not the protons
but it were the electrons which
constitute electric current so basically
now we have two different you know like
methods of determining the direction of
current so one direction which was the
conventional method or the traditional
method which people got used to since
long time so that is why that did that
current is known as conventional current
so as for conventional current it was
assumed that protons are the charges
which constitute electron which
constitute electric current and
therefore the direction of electric
current would be from the positive
terminal towards the negative terminal
of the cell or the battery so basically
when you look at
it so you will have a battery and if you
ever observe closely you will be able to
see a plus sign and a minus sign of the
battery which denotes the positive and
the negative terminal of the battery so
now since we are saying that electric
current is all about flow of protons so
when we say that in the in conventional
current that means positively charged
particles will come out from the
positive end so that means the direction
of conventional current should be from
positive terminal towards negative
terminal on the contrary when we talk
about electronic current so here the
direction of current would be just the
opposite that is from negative terminal
towards the positive terminal because in
this case we are assuming back electrons
are the carriers of current now if you
asked about which one is correct so
basically the later concept which came
up back was correct because actually
these are the electrons which constitute
current and not protons but since the
method of conventional current was being
followed since long time therefore in
order to avoid any confusion
conventional current Direction is
followed so that is why whenever you
will see that we draw a circuit then we
have to mention that okay current flows
through the circuit we will always show
it flowing from the positive terminal
towards the negative terminal so please
understand this that that doesn't mean
that protons are flowing basically
electron basically current is the flow
of electrons but just to follow the
convention it is always said that the
current flows from the positive terminal
of the battery towards the negative
terminal in a circuit so that is the
confusion about the direction of
electric current and that is why we have
discussed this
so basically electronic current means
here electrons are constitute electric
current that is electrons are the
carriers and in conventional current it
was assumed that protons are the one
which flows and constitute electric
current
thank you
please visit www.payoor.com
to watch more educational videos with a
better experience please do not forget
to Like and subscribe to our YouTube
channel for latest updates thank you
once again