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Alpha Particle Scattering & Rutherford's Nuclear Model of an Atom Video Lecture | Physics Class 12 - NEET
FAQs on Alpha Particle Scattering & Rutherford's Nuclear Model of an Atom Video Lecture - Physics Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is alpha particle scattering and how is it related to Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom? |  |
Ans. Alpha particle scattering refers to the phenomenon where alpha particles are bombarded onto a thin gold foil and their deflections are observed. This experiment was conducted by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 and led to the development of the nuclear model of an atom. The experiment showed that most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil without any deflection, indicating that atoms are mostly empty space. However, a small fraction of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles, suggesting the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom.
| 2. Why did Rutherford choose to use alpha particles for his scattering experiment? | |
Ans. Rutherford chose to use alpha particles for his scattering experiment because they are relatively massive and carry a positive charge. This allowed him to study the nature of the atomic structure and understand the distribution of positive charge within an atom. Alpha particles are also easily produced and can be accelerated to high speeds, making them suitable for studying the scattering process.
| 3. What were the key observations made by Rutherford during the alpha particle scattering experiment? | |
Ans. During the alpha particle scattering experiment, Rutherford made the following key observations:
- Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil without any deflection.
- Some alpha particles were deflected at small angles, indicating a repulsive force between the positive charge of the alpha particles and the positive charge of the atom.
- A small fraction of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles, suggesting that they were interacting with a concentrated, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom.
| 4. How did Rutherford's observations lead to the development of the nuclear model of an atom? | |
Ans. Rutherford's observations during the alpha particle scattering experiment led to the development of the nuclear model of an atom. The experiment showed that most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil without any deflection, suggesting that atoms are mostly empty space. However, the deflection of some alpha particles at large angles indicated the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom. This led to the proposal that atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons in orbit, forming the basis of the nuclear model of an atom.
| 5. What are the implications of Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom? | |
Ans. Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom had several implications:
- It introduced the concept of a nucleus, which is a dense, positively charged center of an atom.
- It explained the stability of an atom by proposing that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.
- It provided evidence for the existence of empty space within an atom and the presence of a vast majority of an atom's mass concentrated in the nucleus.
- It laid the foundation for further research and discoveries related to nuclear physics and the development of atomic theories.
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