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Conduction Process in Solids, Liquids and Gases HMT Tutorial- 6, Heat and Mass Transfer, GATE Video Lecture | Topper Handwritten Notes & Videos for GATE ME - Mechanical Engineering

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FAQs on Conduction Process in Solids, Liquids and Gases HMT Tutorial- 6, Heat and Mass Transfer, GATE Video Lecture - Topper Handwritten Notes & Videos for GATE ME - Mechanical Engineering

1. What is conduction and how does it occur in solids, liquids, and gases?
Ans. Conduction is the process of heat transfer through direct contact between particles in a substance. In solids, conduction occurs through the vibrations of atoms or molecules, where adjacent particles transfer energy by colliding with each other. In liquids, conduction happens through the movement of particles, as they transfer heat energy by colliding and passing it on to neighboring particles. In gases, conduction is less significant compared to convection and radiation, as gas particles are widely spaced and have less interaction with each other.
2. How does the conduction process differ in solids, liquids, and gases?
Ans. The conduction process differs in solids, liquids, and gases due to the nature of their particle arrangement and movement. In solids, conduction occurs through the transfer of energy between vibrating particles in a fixed lattice structure. In liquids, conduction relies on the movement of particles, where energy is transferred through collisions and diffusion. In gases, conduction is limited since gas particles are widely spaced, and heat transfer mainly occurs through convection and radiation.
3. What factors affect the rate of conduction in different states of matter?
Ans. The rate of conduction in different states of matter is influenced by several factors. In solids, the rate of conduction depends on the thermal conductivity of the material, which is determined by its composition and structure. Factors like temperature, particle size, and density also affect conduction in solids. In liquids, factors such as viscosity, temperature, and the presence of impurities influence the rate of conduction. In gases, factors like pressure, temperature, and the mean free path of particles affect the conduction process.
4. How does conduction contribute to heat transfer in everyday life?
Ans. Conduction plays a crucial role in heat transfer in everyday life. For example, when we touch a hot pan, conduction allows heat to transfer from the pan to our hand. Similarly, conduction is responsible for the transfer of heat from a stovetop burner to a cooking pot. In colder climates, conduction helps transfer heat from our bodies to the cold environment, leading to a sensation of coldness. Understanding conduction is essential for designing efficient insulation materials and heat exchangers, which are used in various industries and household applications.
5. How is conduction different from convection and radiation?
Ans. Conduction, convection, and radiation are three different modes of heat transfer. Conduction involves the direct transfer of heat through contact between particles or objects. Convection, on the other hand, occurs through the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas), where heat is transferred by the actual movement of the fluid itself. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, without the need for any medium. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation can occur even in a vacuum.
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