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What are Acids and Bases? Video Lecture | Science Class 7

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1. What are acids and bases?
Ans. Acids and bases are chemical substances that have distinct physical and chemical properties. An acid is a substance that can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) to another substance, while a base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance, with values ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic).
2. What are some common examples of acids and bases?
Ans. Some common examples of acids include lemon juice, vinegar, and stomach acid, while common examples of bases include baking soda, soap, and bleach. Acids and bases can also be found in many other substances, including foods, cleaning products, and industrial chemicals.
3. How do acids and bases react with each other?
Ans. When an acid and a base are mixed together, they undergo a chemical reaction called neutralization. During this reaction, the acid and base cancel out each other's properties, forming a neutral substance. The products of a neutralization reaction are typically a salt and water.
4. What are the effects of acids and bases on living organisms?
Ans. Acids and bases can have harmful effects on living organisms if they are not properly balanced. For example, exposure to acidic substances can damage skin and eyes, while exposure to basic substances can cause irritation and burns. However, many acids and bases are also essential for life, such as the acids found in the stomach that help to digest food.
5. How are acids and bases used in industry?
Ans. Acids and bases are used in a wide range of industrial processes, from food production to metal refining. For example, acids can be used to remove rust from metal, while bases are used to neutralize acidic waste products. Acids and bases are also used in the manufacture of many products, such as plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.
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