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Audio Notes: बौद्ध धर्म और जैन धर्म Video Lecture | UPSC Audio Notes

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FAQs on Audio Notes: बौद्ध धर्म और जैन धर्म Video Lecture - UPSC Audio Notes

1. What are the main teachings of Buddhism and how do they differ from Jainism?
Ans.Buddhism primarily teaches the Four Noble Truths, which center around the concepts of suffering, its cause, the possibility of its cessation, and the path leading to its cessation (the Eightfold Path). Jainism, on the other hand, emphasizes the concept of non-violence (ahimsa) and the importance of self-discipline and asceticism. While both religions advocate for a path to liberation, Buddhism places more emphasis on the Middle Way and the attainment of enlightenment, while Jainism stresses strict adherence to non-violence and truth.
2. What are the historical origins of Buddhism and Jainism?
Ans.Buddhism originated in the 5th century BCE with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, in the Indian subcontinent. Jainism is believed to have been established around the same time, with Mahavira as its most prominent figure, who is often considered the 24th Tirthankara. Both religions arose in the context of the socio-religious milieu of ancient India, reacting against the ritualistic practices of Vedic religion.
3. How do the concepts of karma and rebirth differ in Buddhism and Jainism?
Ans.In Buddhism, karma refers to intentional actions that influence future rebirths and experiences. It is linked to the concepts of desire and attachment, which lead to suffering. In Jainism, karma is viewed as a physical substance that attaches to the soul due to actions and thoughts, affecting its liberation. While both religions believe in rebirth, Jainism emphasizes the accumulation of karmic particles as a critical factor for the soul's journey towards liberation.
4. What practices are common to both Buddhism and Jainism?
Ans.Both Buddhism and Jainism emphasize meditation, ethical conduct, and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge. Practitioners of both religions engage in fasting, community service, and the study of sacred texts. Additionally, both traditions encourage the renunciation of material desires and promote a lifestyle that reduces harm to living beings, although the specific practices and rituals may differ.
5. How do Buddhism and Jainism view the concept of God or gods?
Ans.Buddhism does not focus on the worship of gods; instead, it teaches that individuals are responsible for their own liberation through personal effort and enlightenment. Jainism, while also non-theistic, recognizes a pantheon of Tirthankaras, who are revered as spiritual teachers but are not considered creators or gods in the conventional sense. Both religions prioritize individual spiritual development over theistic worship.
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