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Audio Notes: मुगल साम्राज्य का पतन और स्वायत्त राज्यों का उदय Video Lecture | UPSC Audio Notes
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FAQs on Audio Notes: मुगल साम्राज्य का पतन और स्वायत्त राज्यों का उदय Video Lecture - UPSC Audio Notes
| 1. What were the major factors that led to the decline of the Mughal Empire? |  |
Ans. The decline of the Mughal Empire can be attributed to several interrelated factors. Firstly, weak leadership and succession disputes following the reign of Aurangzeb led to political instability. Secondly, economic difficulties, including the depletion of the treasury due to prolonged military campaigns and the high cost of administration, weakened the empire. Thirdly, regional governors (subahdars) and local chieftains began asserting autonomy, leading to the fragmentation of authority. Additionally, the rise of external threats, such as the Marathas and the British East India Company, further eroded Mughal power. Lastly, socio-religious policies that alienated various communities contributed to internal dissent.
| 2. How did regional powers emerge during the decline of the Mughal Empire? | |
Ans. As the Mughal Empire weakened, various regional powers emerged, taking advantage of the political vacuum. The Marathas, Sikhs, and Rajputs established their autonomy by forming confederacies and kingdoms. The Maratha Confederacy, for instance, expanded significantly in the Deccan, while the Sikhs consolidated power in Punjab. Additionally, the Nawabs of Bengal, Awadh, and other regions began to act independently, collecting taxes and managing local governance without the central authority of the Mughal Empire. This decentralization enabled these regional powers to flourish and assert their identity.
| 3. What role did the British East India Company play in the decline of the Mughal Empire? | |
Ans. The British East India Company played a pivotal role in the decline of the Mughal Empire by exploiting its weaknesses. Initially, the Company established trade relations and gradually expanded its influence through diplomacy and military might. The Battle of Plassey marked a significant turning point, allowing the Company to gain control over Bengal, one of the wealthiest provinces of the Mughal Empire. As the Company expanded its territorial control, it undermined Mughal authority and contributed to the fragmentation of the empire. Eventually, by the mid-19th century, the Company's dominance paved the way for direct British rule over India.
| 4. What were the socio-economic impacts of the decline of the Mughal Empire on Indian society? | |
Ans. The decline of the Mughal Empire had profound socio-economic impacts on Indian society. Economically, the instability led to a decline in agricultural productivity and trade, resulting in widespread poverty and famine. The weakening of central authority also led to increased taxation by local rulers, further burdening the peasantry. Socially, the rise of regional powers fostered a sense of local identity and nationalism, which began to challenge the previously unified Mughal cultural hegemony. The fragmentation of power also led to increased conflicts among various communities, affecting communal harmony and leading to social unrest.
| 5. How did the cultural landscape of India change during the decline of the Mughal Empire? | |
Ans. The decline of the Mughal Empire significantly altered the cultural landscape of India. The Mughal period was characterized by a flourishing of arts, architecture, and literature, often influenced by Persian culture. However, as regional powers emerged, local languages and traditions gained prominence. The Marathas, Sikhs, and other regional leaders fostered their own cultural expressions, resulting in a diversification of artistic styles and literary forms. Additionally, the weakening of Mughal patronage led to the decline of traditional Mughal arts, while new forms of folk and regional art began to flourish, reflecting the changing socio-political dynamics of the time.
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Oct 12, 2025
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