Audio Notes: संसदीय प्रणाली Video Lecture | UPSC CSE के लिए भारतीय राजनीति (Indian Polity)

Ans. A parliamentary system is a form of governance where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from the legislature (parliament) and is directly accountable to it. In this system, the head of government, often called the prime minister, is elected from the legislative body and is responsible for running the government. The prime minister and the cabinet are members of the parliament, promoting a close relationship between the two branches of government.

Ans. The key features of a parliamentary system include: 1. Fusion of Powers: Unlike a presidential system where the executive and legislative branches are separate, in a parliamentary system, they are intertwined, with the executive being part of the legislature. 2. Collective Responsibility: The cabinet is collectively responsible to the parliament, meaning that if the parliament passes a vote of no confidence, the entire cabinet must resign. 3. Leadership: The prime minister is typically the leader of the majority party in parliament and can be removed by a vote of no confidence. 4. Role of the Head of State: In many parliamentary systems, the head of state is separate from the head of government, often serving a ceremonial role.

Ans. The primary difference between a parliamentary system and a presidential system is the relationship between the executive and legislative branches. In a parliamentary system, the executive is derived from the legislature and can be dissolved by it, while in a presidential system, the president is elected independently of the legislature and serves a fixed term. Additionally, in a parliamentary system, the prime minister can be removed by a vote of no confidence, whereas a president typically cannot be removed without a specific legal process, such as impeachment.

Ans. Advantages of a parliamentary system include: 1. Greater Efficiency: Legislative decisions can be made more quickly since the executive is part of the legislative body. 2. Accountability: The government is directly accountable to parliament, allowing for easier oversight. 3. Flexibility: The prime minister can be replaced without a general election, allowing for smoother transitions in leadership. 4. Representation: Often, smaller parties can gain representation and influence in government, promoting a broader spectrum of views.

Ans. Yes, several countries operate under a parliamentary system, including: 1. United Kingdom: Known for its long-standing parliamentary tradition, where the Prime Minister leads the government. 2. Canada: Features a parliamentary system with a constitutional monarchy, where the Prime Minister is the head of government. 3. India: Operates a parliamentary system where the President is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. 4. Australia: Has a parliamentary democracy, with the Prime Minister as the leader of the government and a Governor-General representing the monarch.