Grade 12 Accounting Syllabus1. Grade 12 Accounting Cycle- Introduction to the accounting cycle
- Recording transactions
- Journal entries
- Ledger accounts
- Trial balance
- Adjusting entries
- Financial statements
- Closing entries
2. Grade 12 Accounting for Non-Current Assets- Definition and classification of non-current assets
- Acquisition and disposal of non-current assets
- Depreciation methods
- Amortization of intangible assets
- Impairment of non-current assets
- Revaluation of non-current assets
3. Grade 12 Reconciliation and Verification- Bank reconciliation
- Reconciliation of control accounts
- Verification of assets and liabilities
- Verification of capital and profit
4. Grade 12 Adjustments to Financial Statements- Accruals and prepayments
- Bad debts and provision for doubtful debts
- Depreciation and provision for depreciation
- Closing stock valuation
- Provision for taxation and dividends
5. Grade 12 Sole Traders- Nature and characteristics of sole traders
- Accounting for sole traders
- Capital and drawings
- Trading and profit and loss account
- Balance sheet
6. Grade 12 Partnerships- Nature and characteristics of partnerships
- Accounting for partnerships
- Partners' capital accounts
- Profit and loss appropriation account
- Admission and retirement of partners
7. Grade 12 Limited Companies- Nature and characteristics of limited companies
- Accounting for limited companies
- Issue and redemption of shares
- Dividend distribution
- Preparation of financial statements
8. Grade 12 Analysis and Communication of Accounting Information to Stakeholders- Interpretation of financial statements
- Ratio analysis
- Cash flow statement
- Analysis and interpretation of accounting information
- Communication of accounting information to stakeholders
9. Grade 12 Costing for Materials and Labour- Cost classification and behavior
- Costing systems
- Material costing
- Labor costing
- Overhead costing
10. Grade 12 Traditional Costing Methods- Absorption costing
- Marginal costing
- Cost-volume-profit analysis
- Break-even analysis
- Costing for decision making
11. Grade 12 Application of Accounting to Business Planning- Budgeting and budgetary control
- Master budget
- Zero-based budgeting
- Activity-based budgeting
- Performance evaluation
12. Grade 12 Manufacturing Businesses- Costing for manufacturing businesses
- Process costing
- Job costing
- Joint product costing
- By-product costing
- Transfer pricing
13. Grade 12 Not for Profit Organizations- Accounting for not-for-profit organizations
- Specific issues in nonprofit accounting
- Fund accounting
- Reporting for nonprofit organizations
14. Grade 12 International Accounting Standards- Introduction to international accounting standards
- Adoption and implementation of international accounting standards
- International financial reporting standards (IFRS)
- International accounting harmonization
15. Grade 12 Auditing and Stewardship of Limited Companies- Nature and objectives of auditing
- Internal and external auditing
- Audit planning and documentation
- Audit evidence and procedures
- Audit reports and opinions
16. Grade 12 Business Purchase and Merger- Accounting for business purchase and merger
- Consolidated financial statements
- Goodwill and intangible assets
- Business combinations under IFRS
17. Grade 12 Consignment and Joint Venture Accounts- Accounting for consignment transactions
- Joint venture accounting
- Joint venture operations and financial statements
18. Grade 12 Computerized Accounting Systems- Introduction to computerized accounting systems
- Benefits and limitations of computerized accounting
- Accounting software packages
- Data input and output
- Security and control measures
19. Grade 12 Analysis and Communication of Accounting Information- Interpretation and analysis of accounting information
- Reporting and presentation of accounting information
- Communication techniques and tools
- Ethical considerations in accounting communication
20. Grade 12 Activity Based Costing (ABC)- Introduction to activity-based costing
- Cost drivers and activity analysis
- Allocation of costs using ABC
- Benefits and limitations of ABC
- Implementation of ABC in organizations
21. Grade 12 Budgeting and Budgetary Control- Budgeting process and techniques
- Preparation and evaluation of budgets
- Budgetary control systems
- Variance analysis
- Performance measurement and reporting
22. Grade 12 Standard Costing- Introduction to standard costing
- Setting standard costs
- Variance analysis for materials, labor, and overheads
- Advantages and disadvantages of standard costing
- Application of standard costing in decision making
23. Grade 12 Investment Appraisal- Investment decision-making process
- Payback period
- Accounting rate of return
- Net present value
- Internal rate of return
By covering these topics, Grade 12 students will develop a strong foundation in accounting principles and practices, preparing them for further studies or a career in the field.
This course is helpful for the following exams: Grade 12