All questions of September Week 2 for Class 10 Exam

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**Iron and steel are basic industries.**

**Explanation:**

**What are Basic Industries?**
Basic industries are those industries that provide the necessary raw materials for other industries and contribute to the overall growth and development of the economy.

**Iron and Steel - A Basic Industry:**
Iron and steel industry is considered a basic industry because it plays a crucial role in the development of various sectors of the economy. It is the foundation and backbone of industrialization and is involved in the production of essential goods required by other industries.

**Raw Material Production:**
1. Iron and steel industry is involved in the extraction of iron ore and coal, which are the primary raw materials required for the production of iron and steel.
2. Iron ore is mined from iron ore reserves and coal is obtained from coal mines.
3. These raw materials undergo various processes like mining, beneficiation, and transportation before they are used in the production of iron and steel.

**Iron and Steel Production:**
1. The iron and steel industry involves the conversion of iron ore into iron, and then further processing it to produce steel.
2. Iron ore is smelted in blast furnaces where it is heated with coke (produced from coal) and limestone to remove impurities and obtain pig iron.
3. The pig iron is then converted into steel through various processes like basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace.

**Contribution to Economy:**
1. The iron and steel industry provides the necessary raw materials for the manufacturing of various products like automobiles, machinery, construction materials, etc.
2. It contributes significantly to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and employment generation.
3. The industry also has a multiplier effect as it creates demand for other industries like mining, transportation, machinery, etc.
4. It promotes economic growth, export potential, and infrastructure development.

**Conclusion:**
Iron and steel industry is classified as a basic industry because it is involved in the production of essential raw materials required by other industries. It supports industrialization, contributes to the economy, and plays a vital role in the overall development of the country.

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Cell Division in Bacteria
Bacteria typically reproduce through a process called binary fission. This method of division is efficient and allows for rapid population growth under favorable conditions.
Key Features of Binary Fission:
- Splitting into Two Equal Halves: In binary fission, the bacterial cell elongates, and the DNA replicates. The cell then divides into two nearly equal halves, each containing a copy of the original DNA. This is why option 'C' is the correct choice.
- Simple Process: The process consists of several stages: DNA replication, cell elongation, septum formation, and division into two daughter cells.
- Rapid Division: Under optimal conditions, bacteria can divide every 20 minutes, making binary fission an effective reproductive strategy.
Cell Division in Protozoa
Protozoa, which are single-celled eukaryotic organisms, also reproduce asexually through various methods, including binary fission, budding, or multiple fission.
Key Features of Protozoan Division:
- Binary Fission: Many protozoa, like bacteria, divide through binary fission, where one cell splits into two equal halves, similar to bacterial division.
- Multiple Fission: Some protozoa can undergo multiple fission, where a single cell divides into several daughter cells simultaneously. This is distinct from binary fission but does not contradict the notion of equal division, as multiple fission can lead to equal-sized daughter cells.
- Variation in Methods: Depending on species and environmental conditions, protozoa may also reproduce through budding or sporulation, but binary fission remains a primary method.
In summary, both bacteria and certain protozoa commonly divide by splitting into two equal halves, which is why option 'C' accurately describes their cell division process.

Sin² 30° + cos² 60°

Manufacturing industries and Sugar Production

Manufacturing industries refer to those industries which involve the production of goods by transforming raw materials into finished products. Industries such as textiles, chemicals, food processing, machinery, etc., are examples of manufacturing industries.

Sugar production is also a manufacturing industry that involves the processing of sugar cane or sugar beet to produce sugar. The production of sugar involves various stages of processing such as extraction, purification, clarification, evaporation, crystallization, and drying.

Importance of Sugar Production

Sugar production is an important industry as it is a major source of employment and revenue for many countries. It is also an important raw material for the food industry, and is used in the production of various food products such as confectionery, beverages, bakery products, and canned foods.

Additionally, sugar is also used in the production of biofuels, which are becoming increasingly important as a source of renewable energy.

Challenges in Sugar Production

The sugar production industry faces several challenges such as fluctuating prices, competition from alternative sweeteners, and environmental concerns. Additionally, the industry also faces issues related to sustainability, as the production of sugar cane and sugar beet requires large amounts of water and energy and can have negative impacts on soil health and biodiversity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sugar production is an important manufacturing industry that plays a crucial role in the global economy. Despite the challenges it faces, the industry continues to evolve and adapt to changing market conditions and consumer preferences.

Understanding Binary Fission in Amoeba
Binary fission is a common method of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms like Amoeba. This process is crucial for their growth and reproduction.
Assertion (A): Binary fission in Amoeba can occur in any plane.
- This statement is true because Amoeba is an irregularly shaped organism with no fixed orientation.
- During binary fission, the cell divides into two daughter cells, and this division can take place in multiple orientations.
Reason (R): Amoeba exhibits flexibility in the orientation of cell division.
- This reason is also true as Amoeba has a flexible cell membrane that allows it to change shape.
- The flexibility enables the organism to divide along any plane, depending on its current shape and environmental conditions.
Relationship Between Assertion and Reason:
- The reason explains why the assertion is true. The flexibility of the Amoeba's structure directly influences its ability to divide in any plane.
- Since both statements are true and the reason accurately explains the assertion, the correct option is (a).
Conclusion:
- The nature of Amoeba allows it to perform binary fission in various orientations due to its flexible structure, making both statements valid and closely linked.
- This understanding emphasizes the adaptability of microorganisms in their reproductive processes.

Introduction to Jute Production
Jute is a natural fiber, often referred to as "golden fiber" due to its color and economic significance. It is primarily cultivated in tropical regions, with Bangladesh and India being the leading producers.
India's Dominance in Jute Production
- Global Leader: India is the largest producer of jute, contributing approximately 40% of the world's total jute production.
- Key States: Major jute-growing states in India include West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. West Bengal alone accounts for nearly 70% of India's jute production.
- Cultivation Techniques: Indian farmers utilize traditional and modern farming techniques to cultivate jute, ensuring high yield and quality.
Jute Made Goods Production
- Diverse Products: India is not only the largest producer of raw jute but also excels in producing jute-made goods such as bags, carpets, and textiles.
- Export Potential: The country exports a significant portion of its jute products, boosting its economy and providing employment to millions.
Comparison with Other Countries
- Bangladesh: While Bangladesh is a major player in jute production, it mainly focuses on raw jute rather than finished products.
- Sri Lanka and Brazil: These countries do cultivate jute but on a much smaller scale compared to India and Bangladesh.
Conclusion
India's robust infrastructure, skilled labor, and a long-standing tradition of jute cultivation solidify its position as the largest producer of jute and jute-made goods in the world. This not only enhances its economy but also reinforces its cultural heritage associated with this versatile fiber.

In ΔABC, we have

Given, cos A = 1/ 2

Cos A = 1 / 2

Given, tan θ = cot(30° + θ)

Tan 30° × cot 60°

We have,