All questions of Policies, Governance & Administration for UGC NET Exam

The National Policy on Education of 1968 was formulated based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission, which emphasized the need for a common school system to promote social integration and equality of opportunity.

The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) was established in 1920, serving as the principal advisory body to the government on educational policies and programs.

National Policy on Education (NPE) Overview
The National Policy on Education (NPE) is a comprehensive framework that guides the development of education in India. Among its various iterations, the NPE of 1986 is particularly significant for introducing structural changes in the educational system.
Common Educational Structure: 10+2+3
- The NPE-1986 recommended the establishment of a common educational structure of 10+2+3.
- This structure consists of:
- 10 years of schooling (primary and secondary education)
- 2 years of higher secondary education
- 3 years of undergraduate study
Rationale Behind the 10+2+3 Structure
- The 10+2+3 system aimed to create a more streamlined educational pathway.
- It facilitates better access to higher education and vocational training.
- This structure was designed to enhance the quality of education and provide students with a more holistic learning experience.
Impact on the Education System
- The NPE-1986 led to the establishment of a uniform educational structure across states.
- It aimed at promoting equity and inclusivity within the educational framework.
- This policy has influenced subsequent educational reforms and policies in India.
Conclusion
In summary, the NPE-1986 played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian education system by introducing the 10+2+3 structure. This policy not only aimed to improve educational standards but also to provide a clear pathway for students transitioning from school to higher education.

Overview of Administrative Management Functions
Administrative management plays a crucial role in ensuring that organizations run efficiently. The main functions encompass several key areas, which are:
1. Planning
- Establishing organizational goals and objectives.
- Identifying the necessary steps to achieve them.
- Allocating resources effectively.
2. Organizing
- Structuring the organization to facilitate coordination and collaboration.
- Defining roles and responsibilities within teams.
- Ensuring that resources are allocated to tasks as needed.
3. Staffing
- Recruiting and selecting the right personnel for various roles.
- Training and developing employees to enhance their skills.
- Ensuring that the organization has the necessary talent to achieve its objectives.
4. Directing
- Guiding and motivating employees to perform their tasks effectively.
- Communicating organizational goals and expectations.
- Providing leadership to ensure that teams work cohesively.
5. Controlling
- Monitoring organizational performance against established goals.
- Implementing corrective actions when necessary.
- Ensuring that the organization remains on track to meet its objectives.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'A' because it comprehensively includes all five critical functions of administrative management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Each function plays a vital role in ensuring that the organization operates smoothly and meets its goals effectively. By combining these functions, administrative management can create a structured approach to managing resources and personnel, ultimately leading to organizational success.

Planning is the first managerial function, as it involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them, forming the foundation for all subsequent management activities.

The National Policy on Education of 1986 emphasized the establishment of a National Literacy Mission to eradicate illiteracy and promote adult education, aiming for significant improvements in literacy rates across the country

The National Policy on Education of 1986 suggested the implementation of an All India Common Entrance Examination to standardize admission processes for professional and technical programs across the country.

Education is included in the Concurrent List under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, allowing both the central and state governments to legislate on educational matters.

The University Grants Commission (UGC), State Governments, and the Central Government collectively provide funding for higher education in India to ensure resources are allocated for educational development and infrastructure.

The Vice-Chancellor is appointed by the Visitor or Chancellor based on the recommendations of the Executive Council, serving as the chief executive officer of the university and overseeing its administration.