All questions of Day 28 for GMAT Exam

In statement 1, b =0, when a < b and b = 0, it implies that a < 0, hence, a is negative and a is not positive. The statement is sufficient.
In statement 2, √a < a, the square root of a number is defined only when in √a  a > 0 . Hence, the statement is  sufficient. Thus,  EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.

 

Conclusion:

Since both statements independently lead to the determination that the interior angle is 120 degrees, each statement alone is sufficient.

The correct answer is:

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.

In statement 1, |t| > t. But is |-t| = |t|. Hence t can be positive or negative.  When |t| > t, it implies that t is a negative value, hence t < 0. The statement is sufficient.
In statement 2, t² > 0 , but when t is negative or positive, t² > 0 , hence the statement is not sufficient. Thus  Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient but statement (2) is not sufficient.

The volume of the cylinder is given buy v = πr²h.
In statement 1, diameter (d) is increased by 20%, hence the radius is increased by 10%. The new radius is given by 1.1r. The new volume = π(1.1r)²h = 1.21πr²h
Percentage change in volume = (1.21πr²h  - πr²h )/pr²h × 100% = 21%. The statement is sufficient.
In statement 2, height is increased by 21%, hence the new height is 1.21h. The new volume = 1.21πr²h.
Percentage change in volume = (1.21πr²h  - πr²h )/πr²h × 100% = 21%. The statement is sufficient.  Therefore,  EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

We have to determine the specific quadrant in which the point (x, y) lies.

Every point that lies in the II^nd Quadrant has a negative x-coordinate and a positive y-coordinate. Since (x, y + 1) lies in the II^nd Quadrant

x < 0    and     y + 1 > 0

x < 0    and     y > -1

Is x negative or positive? Negative.

Is y negative or positive? Since y is greater than -1, it can hold both negative and positive values.

If x is negative and y is negative then the point (x,y) lies in the III^rd Quadrant.

If x is negative and y is positive then the point (x, y) lies in the II^nd Quadrant.

INSUFFICIENT.

Every point that lies in the III^rd Quadrant has a negative x-coordinate and a negative y-coordinate. Since (x + 3, y) lies in the III^rd Quadrant

x + 3 < 0  and  y < 0

x < -3       and   y < 0

Is x negative or positive? Since x is smaller than -3, it would always be a negative number.

Is y negative or positive? Negative.

Since x and y are both negative, the point (x, y) must lie in the III^rd Quadrant.

SUFFICIENT.

Since we have obtained an answer, there is no need to combine the statements.

(B) is the answer.

This is a general question that asks about the tone of the passage. In order to answer this question, it is useful to briefly examine and summarize the respective paragraphs.  
Paragraph 1: LCDs have become the dominant display technology in the past decade.
Paragraph 2: LCDs function by channeling electricity to untwist crystals to block light in order to form colors.
Paragraph 3: LCDs present advantages relative to other display technologies, particularly for certain uses.  
The correct answer will effectively identify the tone adopted in these paragraphs.
(A) It is too strong to categorize the author's tone as "advocacy," as the first two paragraphs are purely explanatory. The third paragraph, though listing advantages of LCD displays, does not advocate their use.
(B) Although the first paragraph does mention the time frame and context of the development of LCD displays, neither the second nor third paragraph could be classified as part of a historical discussion, and no contrast is drawn. Thus, it would be inaccurate to characterize the tone of the passage as that of a historical discussion.  
(C) CORRECT. The passage objectively explains the background, functioning, and advantages of LCD displays. 
(D) The passage does not indicate any questioning, skepticism, or exploration in its text, and is more technical than intellectual in tone.
(E) Although one could argue that the passage implicitly approves of the development of this new technology, the passage does not advocate for a particular point of view, and there is no evidence of any qualification in its explanation of the functioning and advantages of LCD displays. 

To answer this question, we must determine why the author currently DOES believe jazz is an American art form. We can find the criterion the author uses in the third paragraph: “…the essence of America lies in the plurality of its roots. To deny the rich and complex history of jazz, and the true origins of the art form, is in effect denying the very aspects of the art form that make it undeniably American.” So, the author believes the “plurality of roots” makes jazz undeniably American. The author would probably be less inclined to label jazz an American art form if jazz did NOT come from a diverse set of musical and cultural traditions. (A) This does not speak to the roots of jazz music.
(B) This statement, if true, would indicate that jazz music was derived from the confluence of four different musical styles, or a “plurality of roots.” Therefore, the author would still be likely to label jazz an American art form.
(C) CORRECT. This statement would indicate that jazz in fact did not come from a diverse set of musical traditions. The lack of “plurality” would most likely make the author less inclined to label jazz an American art form.
(D) If this statement were true, jazz would still have been derived from a “plurality of roots,” regardless of what these roots were.
(E) This statement would only further illustrate that jazz has a rich and complex history, formed from the confluence of many different musical styles and traditions. 

To find the distance from the origin, you need the absolute values of the (x, y) coordinates of points A and B.

To compare the distances of points A and B, you can use the ratios of the (x, y) values of these points.

(1)       |x| = |y| for point A and |x| = |y| for point B

With statement 1, the |x|, |y| values of points A and B could be the same, or they could be different. 

For instance, A could be (3, -3) and B could be (3, 3) or (4, -4).

Statement (1) is not sufficient.

(2)       |x|, |y| of point A = |x|, |y| of point B

This tells you that points A and B are the same distance from the origin. You don’t know which quadrant the points are in, but you can still answer the question.

Statement (2) is sufficient.

You get a unique answer in step 4, so this step is not required

 

If L₁ passes through points in each quadrant except the III^rd quadrant, then the Line must have both its x and y intercepts as positive numbers.

Let’s assume the x-intercept = a and y-intercept = b for the line L₁, where both a and b are positive numbers. This means that the line L₁ passes through (a, 0) and (0, b).

Slope of  . Since a and b are positive, the slope is a negative number.

Slope of  

m₂ is positive since a and b are positive.

SUFFICIENT.

If the slope of line L₁ is negative and it intersects with a line L₂ in the first quadrant, then the slope of L₂ can be positive or negative as shown in the figures below:

 

The slope of L₂ in the first diagram is negative while in the second quadrant the slope of L₂ is positive.

INSUFFICIENT.

Since we get an answer from Step 3, there is no need to combine the statements.

In statement 1, the x and y intercept is 2 and -2 respectively, hence the line passes through (2,0) and (0,-2). The slope is
(-2 - 0)/(2 - 0) = -1.
The equation is y/(x - 2) = -1 hence x = -x + 2.
The statement is sufficient.
In statement 2, the slope is 1. Since we are not given any point where the line is passing, the statement is insufficient. Thus, Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient but statement (2) is not sufficient.

The first paragraph of the passage presents two conclusions drawn from the ballcatching experiment:
(1) "the brain contains an internal model of gravity that is both powerful and persistent and
(2) "the brain can adapt" to environments where gravity is less pronounced than it is on earth. The second paragraph describes the experiment in-depth and demonstrates how scientists arrived at the first conclusion. The third paragraph demonstrates how scientists came to the second conclusion. The fourth and final paragraph identifies some practical benefits that the experiment might have. The correct answer choice must relate to most of the four paragraphs and, since this is a long passage, it must be closely tied to the all-important first paragraph.
(A) CORRECT. This choice directly relates to the first paragraph, which presents the experiment's conclusions, and to the second and third paragraphs, which describe the experiment in-depth.
(B) The practical applications of the experiment are described only in the fourth paragraph of the passage. This does not represent the primary purpose of the passage.
(C) The passage does not mention any misunderstanding about how the brain functions. Instead, it presents new insight about the brain's internal workings.
(D) While gravity is mentioned in the passage, there is no description of how gravity works. Moreover, the passage is focused on responses to different gravitational forces, not on gravity itself.
(E) The passage describes only one experiment in space; as such, it never alludes to space experiments in general. Additionally, while the passage implies that the ballcatching experiment was beneficial, it never explicitly outlines the benefits of conducting experiments in space. 

While it is helpful to know that the dictionary definition of the adjective “prophylactic” is “acting to defend against or prevent something, especially disease; protective,” this knowledge is not necessary; the intended meaning of the phrase “prophylactic measure” can be inferred from the context of the passage. The beginning of the first sentence of the third paragraph specifically points out that the antibiotics are used “not as a cure for ongoing maladies” and the last sentence of the paragraph describes such use as “non-therapeutic.” In addition, the phrase “to compensate for … unsanitary conditions” implies that the antibiotics were used to counteract an environment replete with bacteria. Hence, it is reasonable to infer that the antibiotics were applied as a preventive measure to protect the animals from catching an infectious disease in such an environment.
(A) The passage specifically points out that the antibiotics are not used “as a cure for ongoing maladies” and describes such use as “non-therapeutic.”
(B) The passage is not concerned with genetic diseases.
(C) CORRECT. Since the use of antibiotics in the farm industry is specifically described to be “non-therapeutic,” it cannot be used as a curative measure and, therefore, is most likely used as a pre-emptive measure in order to prevent or protect the animals from developing infectious diseases.
(D) The passage states that the antibiotics are administered to the animals in their feed. Hence, it is clearly not used as a surface disinfectant.
(E) The antibiotics are orally administered to the animals in their feed. There is nothing in the passage to suggest that a “physical barrier” is involved in any way.

The parabola y = ax² + bx - 2 faces upwards when a > 0 and downwards when a < 0.
In statement 1, a = b, this does not give the numerical equivalent to a, hence it is not sufficient.
In statement 2, a < 0, hence the parabola faces downwards. Thus the statement is sufficient.

1. 
This question is an example of a GMAT “application” question. An application question is a specialized case of an inference question that asks you to discern the relationship between situations or ideas presented by the author and other situations or ideas that are outside the scope of the passage; in this case, the question asks you to recognize an idea that the author would be likely to agree or disagree with based on the statements made in the passage. Unlike questions that test your ability to grasp specific portions of the passage, an application question usually requires you to grasp or infer the essential idea behind the author’s point of view, then apply this idea to something outside the scope of the passage. (Note: Application questions are usually among the more difficult GMAT reading comprehension questions.). The key to answering this question is recognizing that the author believes the “non-therapeutic” use of antibiotics is a major factor contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, that he does not consider this to be a responsible use of antibiotics, and that he takes a stand strongly opposing the practice. 
(A) The passage does not make any statements regarding the practice of hospitals hiring infectious diseases specialists so this answer choice is not relevant to the passage. If anything, since the author is concerned with the spread of anti-resistant bacteria, he would probably support this practice more than oppose it.
(B) The degree of reimbursement for newer antibiotics does not address the topic of the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and its causes. Hence, this answer is not relevant.
(C) There is nothing in the passage that directly links the amount of contributions made by the farming industry to Congress with anything that promotes the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The argument that such contributions might be linked to the level of government-imposed sanitary standards which might in turn be linked to the level of “preventive” use of antibiotics requires too many assumptions to make this the best answer. 
(D) CORRECT. Since antibiotics have no medically curative effect on patients with viral diseases, doctors prescribing such to a patient with a viral illness are administering the drugs in a “non-therapeutic” manner. The author specifically points out that the “non-therapeutic” or non-curative use of antibiotics creates conditions favorable for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to develop and implies that such use is not a "responsible" one. Therefore, this is a practice to which the author would very likely be opposed. (Note: Many doctors prescribe antibiotics to patients with viral diseases simply because they are asked to or expected to (do something) by the patient.)
(E) Since the author is generally concerned with bacterial infection and responsible use of antibiotics, this is a practice with which he or she would probably agree.

A circle tangent to the x-axis at 2 and the y-axis at 2 looks like this:

You know that the radius of the circle is 2, making the area of the circle 4π.

 

To find the region between the circle and the origin, measure the 2 × 2 square, and subtract the quarter circle from it. If the area of the circle is 4π, then the quarter circle is π.

4 – π is the area between the circle and the origin.

π  = 3.14 and 4 – 3.14 is less than 1.

In statement 1, the number is divisible by a prime factor, hence the number can be 2, 4, 6, -2, -4, -6, 8 , 9 . . . . Hence the statement is insufficient.
In statement 2, the number is positive. But there are infinitely many numbers that are positive but not prime, hence, the statement is not sufficient.
Combining the two statements, we have the numbers being positive, thus, 2,4,6,8,9,10,. . . . The numbers are infinitely many, hence Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

In statement 1, 2t + 6s = 8 is one equation is two unknowns, hence we cannot determine the value of t. The statement is insufficient.
In statement 2, t/2 - 2 = -3s/4 can be transformed to t - 4 = -6s/2. But this is an equation with two unknowns hence we cannot determine the value of t. The statement is insufficient.
Combining the two statements, we have  2, t/2 - 2 = -3s/4 which can be transformed to t - 4 = -6s/2 then to 2t - 8 = -6s but this is equal to the equation 2t + 6s = 8, hence we have an equation with two unknowns. Thus, we cannot determine the value of t; the statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

The passage describes certain explicit features of the brain's built-in understanding of gravity. The correct answer choice must be directly provable using the specific language contained in the passage.
(A) The brain's built in-understanding of gravity is, according to the passage, "hardwired from an earth-centric perspective," not a space-centric one.
(B) CORRECT. One of the major outcomes of the experiment described in the passage is that "the brain can adapt to environments in which the force of downward acceleration is less pronounced than it is on earth."
(C) According to the passage, the neuroscientists concluded that "the brain contains an internal model of gravity that is both powerful and persistent." To describe the brain's understanding of gravity as "fleeting" directly contradicts the word "persistent."  
(D) According to the passage, the neuroscientists concluded that "the brain contains an internal model of gravity that is both powerful and persistent." To describe the brain's understanding of gravity as "weak" directly contradicts the word "powerful."
(E) The passage never describes the brain's built-in understanding of gravity as "evolving." While scientists' understanding of the brain's hard-wiring may evolve, there is nothing in the passage that suggests that the hard-wiring itself is evolving. 

We are asked to determine which one of the five choices is NOT true of Toxoplasma, according to the passage. In other words, four of the five choices are stated in the passage and one choice is not. The choice that is not stated is the correct answer.
(A) The passage explicitly states that Toxoplasma can contaminate soil and water.
(B) The passage explicitly states that Toxoplasma enters the human body through contaminated food. 
(C) The passage explicitly states that Toxoplasma alters the behavior of human dendritic cells.
(D) CORRECT. The word "incapable" in this answer choice is too strong; the passage does not state that the human body cannot detect Toxoplasma. Rather, it merely indicates that Toxoplasma does not trigger the body's immune system in the same way as other parasites. We have no information about the human body's ability to detect free-floating Toxoplasma cells.
(E) The passage explicitly states that Toxoplasma can breed in a host cat only. 

The answer to a question that asks about "primary purpose" must take the entirety of the passage into account. Since the author never states an opinion about the subject of the passage, the primary purpose of the passage cannot be characterized by any verb that requires an opinion.
(A) This choice begins with "criticize", which requires an opinion.
(B)This choice begins with "challenge", which requires an opinion.
(C) CORRECT. The passage was concerned with describing how leveraged buyouts are used and how their status changed over time. This is reflected in this choice.
(D) This choice begins with "explain", which is neutral. However, the passage as a whole was not concerned with the "popularity of leveraged buyouts during a certain period."
(E) This choice begins with "argue," which requires an opinion.  

The question asks for information specifically stated in the passage although in slightly different language. Paragraph two describes two methods by which bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance.
(A) The passage does not mention the effects of radiation on bacteria.
(B) The passage states that natural mutations can become dominant via natural selection. However, genetic engineering is not a “natural” process by which mutation occurs.
(C) While this may be true, the over-prescribing of antibiotics in hospitals is not a practice mentioned in the passage. Remember: the correct answer must be based “according to the passage….”
(D) CORRECT. In paragraph two, the passage specifically states that “bacteria share with each other genetic material called resistance plasmids … [which] … can reproduce and become dominant via natural selection.”
(E) The loss of potency and effectiveness of antibiotics over time is described as an effect of antibiotic resistance, not a cause or a method by which it is developed. 

The question asks for some information that would support the theory that the brain has built-in knowledge of gravity. The correct answer choice must demonstrate that gravity is not a principle that individuals learn about exclusively through observation and experience, but instead that they are born with some instinctual understanding of downward acceleration. 
(A) An individual's hand-eye coordination generally requires some understanding of gravity. For example, one's ability to see a thrown ball and then catch it is, at least in some measure, dependent on the individual's understanding that gravity will be pulling the ball downward. However, the fact that this coordination tends to diminish as one gets older suggests nothing as to whether the brain has built-in knowledge of gravity. 
(B) CORRECT. The fact that infants placed above the ground fear falling without ever having experienced it before strongly suggests that their brains are hard-wired with some knowledge of gravity. If the infants did not understand the tendency of objects, including themselves, to accelerate down toward the earth, they would have no reason to become fearful when placed on a glass tabletop.
(C) The disorientation that astronauts experience after departing earth for space may in some way be impacted by the difference between gravitational conditions on earth and in space. However, this has no bearing on whether the brain has built-in knowledge of gravity or not. 
(D) The fact that most young children can learn to catch a ball suggests only that they can learn to anticipate the effect of gravitational forces on a ball. It suggests nothing about whether these children understand these forces a priori.
(E) The fact that this is counter-intuitive to most individuals, far from supporting the notion that the brain has built-in knowledge of gravity, actually suggests that people don't fully understand how gravity truly works

The question asks us to infer something about dendritic cells from the information contained in the passage. The correct answer must be based only on the information contained in the passage. If any additional information is required to justify an answer choice, that choice cannot be the correct answer.
(A) The passage states only that dendritic cells are involved with the lymphatic system. No information is given as to the location of the cells' production.
(B) The passage states only that dendritic cells are common in the digestive tract. No information is given as to where the cells are most numerous.
(C) The passage states only that Toxoplasma infects dendritic cells. No information is given as to the proportion of the cells that are affected when a person is infected with Toxoplasma. 
(D) The passage states only that dendritic cells are capable of being infected with Toxoplasma. No information is given regarding any other types of cell.
(E) CORRECT. The passage states that Toxoplasma is capable of penetrating the barriers protecting the brain. The passage also states that Toxoplasma uses dendritic cells as transport around the human body. Thus, we can infer that the Toxoplasma uses the dendritic cells to penetrate the barriers around the brain. 

3. 
The second paragraph contains information describing the mechanism by which Toxoplasma is able to infiltrate the human body and remain undetected by the body's immune system. We need to find an answer choice that reflects this.
(A) The paragraph does not summarize research that remains to be done. Instead, it discusses what has already been discovered.
(B) The paragraph does not present any recommendations.
(C) CORRECT. This matches our description of the paragraph.
(D) The paragraph does not introduce information about the role of Toxoplasma in human development. If anything, it introduces information about the role of humans in the development of Toxoplasma.
(E) The paragraph does not mention any outdated scientific models. 

The majority of the passage concerns health insurance costs, which are distinct from the costs of the underlying health-care itself. The author discusses the cost of healthcare only in the middle of the first paragraph, explaining that healthy consumers incur lower-than-average health-care costs, while consumers in poor health incur higher-than-average costs.  
(A) CORRECT. The first paragraph of the passage states that “consumers in poor health…[know] that [insurance] will cover their higher-than-average health-care costs.”  
(B) The passage does not compare the cost of health-care for full-time workers to that for any other segment of the population.
(C) Although paragraph two mentions that some consumers have difficulty finding fairly priced insurance, the passage does not assert that the cost of health-care itself is unfair. 
(D) The passage does not discuss any changes in health-care costs over time.
(E) The passage does not make any assertions about what might happen in the future, and does not discuss younger workers in particular. 

Let’s find the x-intercept of the given line.

When the line intercepts the x-axis, the y-coordinate becomes 0.

Substituting y = 0 in the given equation of the line,

The question thus becomes

Multiplying by -1 on both sides of the inequality, the question modifies to

To compare the given line with the general form of the equation (y= mx + c), we divide both sides of the equation with m².

The equation becomes y

we see that the y-intercept of the given line m²y = bx + m is 1/m

The statement tells us that 1/m>0

Using this information, we can only say that m > 0.

However, b/m can be negative or not depending on whether b is negative or not.

INSUFFICIENT.

 

In order to find the x-intercept of the given equation of line my =  x + m, we substitute y = 0 in the given equation to get

Since  only when b < 0.

Is b/m < 0 ?  We cannot be sure because we only know that b < 0. b/m

can be less than 0 or not depending on whether m is positive or not.

 

Combining statements (1) and (2),

we have m > 0 and b < 0.

This means that b/m < 0 for all such values of m and b.

SUFFICIENT.

(C) is the answer.

This is a specific question that can be answered by examining the information given in the second paragraph.
(A) According the second paragraph, “high levels of alpha-synuclein disrupt the flow of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum…to the Golgi apparatus,” not low levels of dopamine.
(B) While a missing or malfunctioning gene may explain why levels of alphasynuclein have risen to toxic levels in the cell, it does not explain why these high levels cause the cell to die. 
(C) The effectiveness or ineffectiveness of drug therapy in yeast cells does not explain why high levels of alpha-synuclein would kill the cell. Furthermore, the fourth paragraph suggests that drug therapy actually has been effective in yeast cells, not to mention in fruitflies, roundworms, and cultures of rat neurons.
(D) CORRECT. The second paragraph states that high levels of alpha-synuclein “disrupt the flow of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum…to the Golgi apparatus.” According to the passage, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for distributing proteins within the cell. It also states that "when the smooth transfer of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is interrupted, the cell dies." 
(E) The passage gives no indication that alpha-synuclein is “by nature” a toxic substance. Rather, the passage states that high levels of alpha-synuclein are toxic to the cell. 

The passage states that “people over age sixty-five…can have difficulty obtaining fairly price medical insurance.” The explanation that the author supports, known as “adverse selection,” was detailed in the first paragraph. Further, the context of the reference reveals the author’s intent: “However, those who blame so-called insurance company greed and discrimination against the elderly are ignoring the reality of adverse selection.” 
(A) The author does not provide an example, but rather takes a dim view of the belief that “greed and discrimination” are the root cause of the consumer problem described. 
(B) “Greed and discrimination” are not presented as justifications of medical insurance pricing decisions. 
(C) The author does not accuse employers; in fact, the author goes on to explain how employer provided group insurance plans benefit some insurance consumers.
(D) The causes of adverse selection were explained in the first paragraph. The author mentions “greed and discrimination” to point out an alternate explanation for the same result. 
(E) CORRECT. The author believes that “adverse selection” is the reason that the elderly can have difficulty obtaining fairly priced insurance. Other people believe that “greed and discrimination” are the reasons. The author disputes that explanation by stating that such people are “ignoring the reality of adverse selection.”  

To find whether the slope is greater than 2, you need information on the orientation of the line. This can come from two points of the line or at least one point that the line passes above or below.

 

(1) Point P has an x-value of 1 and is 2 units away from the origin

Statement 1 tells you that from the origin, point P creates a right triangle. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the y-value: (The triangle base is the x-value of 1, the hypotenuse is the distance of 2, and the height is the y-value)

The height of the triangle, which is the y-value of point p, has an absolute value of √3, making it either √3 or –√3. However, you need two points to draw the line, and you don’t know whether point P is in quadrant I or IV.

Statement 1 is not sufficient.

 

(2) The line does not pass through Quadrant IV

Statement 2 tells you that the slope is positive (to avoid Quadrant IV), but you don’t know whether it’s greater than 2.

Statement 2 is not sufficient.

 

From statement 1, you know the (x, y) values of point P are either (1, √3) or (1, –√3), placing point P in either Quadrant I or IV.

From statement 2, you know that point P is in Quadrant I. You also know the line cannot cross into Quadrant IV.

As shown above, the slope is√3. The line can rotate clockwise, making the slope less, but it cannot rotate counterclockwise, as that would bring it into Quadrant IV. Taken together, you know that the slope is not greater than 2.

Statements 1 and 2 together are sufficient.

The question asks us to infer something about Toxoplasma from the information given in the passage. When answering questions of this type, remember that GMAT inferences are typically very close to the original text, although they never repeat information verbatim. Make sure to select an answer that is not stated explicitly but can be inferred without making any additional assumptions.
(A) The passage does not suggest that the immune system will destroy Toxoplasma cells.  
(B) The passage does not suggest that Toxoplasma collects in the lymphatic system.
(C) CORRECT. The passage states that Toxoplasma can reproduce only in a host cat. Therefore, any Toxoplasma cells that remain in the human body are not likely to reproduce.  
(D) The passage does not suggest that Toxoplasma will be detected after several weeks.
(E) The passage does not suggest that Toxoplasma will be destroyed by pathogens in the bloodstream. 

The role of employer health insurance plans is discussed in the second paragraph. The passage states that “employer’s plans obligate all employees to enroll in the plan and effectively pre-screen for general health, as a minimum health level is required to hold a job.” This implies that having a job is a sign of health, since people in poor health would have trouble performing job duties. 
(A) By using the word “always,” this statement goes too far. Although the second paragraph explains why insurance companies are more likely to offer reasonably priced health insurance to employees in a group health plan, the first paragraph discusses the role of consumer choice: consumers can (and do) decide to forgo insurance that they deem too expensive. Therefore, we cannot infer that unemployed people always pay higher health insurance premiums than employed people.
(B) By using the word “cannot,” this statement goes too far. The passage states that some unemployed consumers, such as those over sixty-five, “can have difficulty obtaining fairly priced medical insurance,” but that does not means that they cannot purchase health insurance at all.
(C) CORRECT. The passage implies that having a job is a sign of health, since people in poor health would have trouble performing job duties. Therefore, since the group of unemployed people includes those too sick to work, it is not as healthy, on average, as the group of employed people.
(D) The passage does not discuss the reasons people participate or decline to participate in the workforce. We cannot infer that the unemployed voluntarily opted not to work for health reasons.
(E) By using the word “must,” this statement goes too far. The passage does not discuss the many reasons people might work: to make money, to acquire health insurance, to gain personal satisfaction, etc. Some workers might not really need or want health insurance, and might work primarily for the paycheck. Additionally, we cannot infer that health care must be acquired by holding a job. The second paragraph mentions consumers over sixty-five, who are “typically not employed and thus seeking insurance individually.” Clearly, individual insurance is an alternative to employers' group insurance plans, even if it is more expensive.

This is a GMAT inference question, which means that the correct answer is not explicitly stated in the passage, but can be reasonably concluded or deduced based on the given information. The correct choice is always a likely or probable conclusion: if an answer choice requires you to assume too much or make a large leap of faith, it is incorrect. 
(A) We are not given any information as to the government’s standards regarding sanitation. Although the passage states that antibiotics are used “to compensate for overcrowded or unsanitary conditions,” the word “unsanitary” could refer to a wide range of conditions considered unsanitary by the author and not necessarily those that do not meet government standards. In addition, the fact that antibiotics are “routinely” administered to compensate for such conditions could imply that such conditions described as “unsanitary” by the author may be the norm and may actually fall within government guidelines.
(B) The passage does not state that non-therapeutic use of antibiotics is the sole cause of antibiotic resistance.  Hence, it is not reasonable to conclude that halting such use would prevent new types of resistant bacteria from developing.
(C) The passage says nothing to imply that conditions for European livestock and poultry are generally better than those for their American counterparts.
(D) While this may be true in general, the passage does not state anything from which such an inference can be made. It is not reasonable to conclude that hospitals are better learning to cope with the problem simply because the problem is becoming worse and they are forced to deal with it.
(E) CORRECT. In the first paragraph, the passage discusses how antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a problem for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. The third paragraph, however, discusses a practice that promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance in animals, and the conclusion of the passage calls for the ban of this specific practice. In addition, in the third paragraph, the author makes a point to specifically mention that some of those antibiotics are used to treat humans. If it were not possible for the resistant bacteria in animals to infect humans, then there would be no link between the animal bacteria and the author’s concern for human health; the policy that is subsequently advocated would be moot. Hence, it is a reasonable inference that antibiotic resistant bacteria in livestock and poultry can indeed be spread to humans. 

To answer this question, look at the structure of the author’s argument. The first paragraph describes the motives and behavior of consumers and insurance companies, defining a problem called “adverse selection.” The second paragraph discusses the effect of this situation on a specific group of people, those over age sixty-five.  
(A) The first paragraph does not state an opinion.
(B) The first paragraph outlines the decision making process of both consumers and insurance companies, but that process is not critiqued elsewhere in the passage.
(C) The author does not advance an argument in the first paragraph, but rather presents a scenario as factual.
(D) The author does not advance arguments in the first paragraph, but rather presents a scenario as factual.
(E) CORRECT. The first paragraph describes a situation and defines it as “adverse selection.” The remainder of the passage discusses the effect of the problem on a certain group, ending with the statement that “consumers over sixty-five...are necessarily more vulnerable to market failure stemming from adverse selection.” 

The last paragraph comments on the potential “practical benefits” of the research experiment described earlier in the passage. In so doing, it presents the broad implications of the ball-catching space experiment which is explained with careful detail in earlier paragraphs.  
(A) The last paragraph does not provide any alternate point of view to McIntyre’s analysis of the ball-catching experiment.
(B) Although the final paragraph builds on the main points of the previous paragraphs, it does not summarize them in any way. The earlier paragraphs provide a description and analysis of the ball-catching experiment. In contrast, the final paragraph comments on the practical implications of the experiment.
(C) There is no ambiguous issue raised in the second paragraph.(D) CORRECT. The earlier paragraphs of the passage have a narrow focus in that they are chiefly concerned with a specific description and interpretation of the ballcatching experiment. The final paragraph opens up this focus by commenting on the broader implications of the experiment, such as the practical benefits this new understanding might have on safe space travel and on potential treatment for certain coordination problems.  
(E) No specific researchers are mentioned in the final paragraph. Moreover, although the final paragraph comments on potential areas for further research, no challenge is explicitly presented to scientists. 

Given: lines a and b are in the graph

To find: Comparison of the slopes of the lines

Per statement 1, line a does not intersect quadrant III

Inference 1: Line a can have a zero slope, a negative slope or an undefined slope. However, it cannot have a positive slope.

Since Statement 1 does not tell you anything about line b , the information provided in Statement 1 is not sufficient to arrive at a unique answer.

Per Statement 2, line b intersects quadrant IV

Inference 2: line b has any kind of slope

Inference 3: if the slope is positive, the y-intercept is negative

Since Statement 2 does not tell you anything about line a , the information provided in Statement 2 is not sufficient to arrive at a unique answer.

To analyze both statements together, we will put the inferences from both statements. Here is the data that we have:

Inference 1: Line a can't have a positive slope.

Inference 2: line b has any kind of slope

Inference 3: if the slope is positive, the y-intercept is negative

Though we know the slope of line a is negative, we know nothing of the slope of line b . Inference 3 does not help. The question cannot be answered.

In order to determine any information about the area of a triangle, we must try to obtain information about its base and height since

the area of a triangle =  (1/2)*base*height

If the base is taken as the length of line segment BC, then the height is the y-coordinate of point A.

If the point A lies above the line y = 5 and the side BC lies on the x-axis, then the height of the triangle is more than 5 units. We have no information about the length of the base BC.

INSUFFICIENT.

Let’s assume the coordinates of point B to be (b, 0) and the coordinates of point C to be (c, 0).

If the mid-point of B and C is (6, 0) then

(b+c)/2 = 6

c = 12 – b

Length of BC = 12 – b – b = 12 – 2b

Since OB < BC, we have

b < 12 – 2b

b < 4

We cannot infer anything about the base BC from this, apart from the fact that the length of BC will always be greater than 4 units.

There is also no information about the height of the triangle ABC.

INSUFFICIENT.

Combining statements (1) and (2),

We have Height > 5 and b < 4

We have information about the height but still we are unsure about the base BC and so we cannot conclude if the area of the triangle ABC is greater than 12 or less than 12.

INSUFFICIENT.

(E) is the correct answer.

To find the area of the triangle, you need the base and the height.

With point P on the x-axis, knowing points Q and R will help you find the base and height.

(1) Point Q lies on the x-axis 6 units from point P.

This gives you the base of the triangle. Whether point Q is left or right of point P, the triangle base is 6. However, you still need the height.

Statement 1 is not sufficient.

 

(2) Point R is 5 units away from the x-axis

If the base of the triangle is on the x-axis, then knowing point R is 5 away gives you a height of 5. However, with this statement alone, you don’t have the base, and you don’t know whether the base is on the x-axis..

Statement 2 is not sufficient.

 

From statement 1, you know that the base is on the x-axis and that it has a length of 6.

From statement 2, because the base is on the x axis, you know the height is 5.

These are all you need to calculate the area of the triangle. The left-right placement of points Q and R don’t affect the area calculation:

Area = ½ * 6 * 5 = 15

The question itself is rather broad, so the best approach is to evaluate the choices and compare each one to the passage.
(A) The passage does not imply this.
(B) CORRECT. The reference to the sale of RJR Nabisco provides support for this choice. Presumably, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts did not purchase RJR Nabisco with the intention of having to sell it to pay off the loans used to buy it.
(C) Though tempting, this choice is incorrect because we do not have any information in the passage about the attitude of the banks towards leveraged buyouts today, only about their attitude during and immediately after their period of greatest popularity. Also, the language in this answer ("No banks . . .") is too extreme to be correct.
(D) The passage does not imply this.
(E) The passage does not imply this. 

his is a specific question. We can use the key phrase “current treatments of Parkinson’s Disease” from the question to help us locate the relevant portion of the passage. The first paragraph discusses current treatments.
(A) Current treatments do not repair damaged cells. Rather, they “are primarily reactionary, aiming to replenish dopamine levels after dopamine-producing neurons in the brain have died.” 
(B) The passage does not discuss the effectiveness of current treatments.
(C) CORRECT. The first paragraph states that current treatments “replenish dopamine levels after dopamine-producing neurons in the brain have died.” It goes on to say that “without a more detailed understanding of the behavior of dopamineproducing neurons, it has been impossible to develop treatments that would prevent the destruction of these neurons in Parkinson’s patients.” We can therefore conclude that current treatments are based on an incomplete understanding of the dopamineproducing neuron. 
(D) While the passage gives hope that new drug therapy will be effective, the fourth paragraph introduces the possibility that such treatments won’t be transferable to humans: “researchers are hesitant to conclude that such therapies will prove successful on human patients.” Thus, the claim that current treatments will inevitably be replaced by new drug therapy is unsupported by the passage.
(E) There is no information in the passage on the methods used to develop current treatments. It is very possible that yeast cells were used in researching current treatments. 

The question asks us why the author mentions "pigs and chickens" in the final paragraph of the passage. The author mentions these animals in the context of explaining how Toxoplasma enters the human body. Specifically, Toxoplasma enters the human body when humans ingest the meat of infected animals, "such as pigs and chickens." So the author uses pigs and chickens as specific examples of animals that can carry the parasite.
(A) CORRECT. This matches our assessment of the passage exactly.
B) The author mentions only "small rodents" as examples of animals that are eaten by cats. 
(C) The author does not mention the dendritic cells of any animals other than humans. 
(D) The passage states that cats are Toxoplasma's "sole breeding ground." Thus, the author could not mention the pigs and chickens as examples of animals in which the parasite can breed. 
(E) The author does not mention any animals at all that are immune to Toxoplasma.