All questions of Freedom Struggle for Class 5 Exam

Background:
The Indian National Congress, commonly known as Congress, is one of the oldest and major political parties in India.

Founder:
The Indian National Congress was founded by A. O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, in the year 1885.

Reason for establishment:
Hume wanted to form a platform where educated Indians could voice their concerns and work towards social and political reforms within the British colonial system.

Initial objectives:
The initial objectives of the Indian National Congress included promoting unity among the diverse Indian population, ensuring civil rights, and pushing for more representation in the British Indian government.

Evolution and role:
Over the years, the Indian National Congress played a significant role in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. It evolved to become a major political party representing various sections of Indian society.

Key leaders:
Throughout its history, the Indian National Congress has been led by prominent figures such as Dadabhai Naoroji, W. C. Bonnerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal, and many others who played crucial roles in shaping the party's ideology and direction.
In conclusion, the Indian National Congress was founded by A. O. Hume with the aim of uniting Indians and advocating for their rights within the colonial system. It has since then played a pivotal role in India's political landscape.

The First Congress Session: A Historical Overview
The statement that "The first Congress session was held in Bombay" is indeed True. Here's a detailed explanation:
Historical Context
- The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, during a time when India was under British rule.
- The primary goal was to provide a platform for civil and political rights and to address the concerns of Indians regarding British policies.
First Session Details
- The first session of the Indian National Congress took place from December 28 to 31, 1885.
- It was held at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay (now Mumbai).
Significance of the First Session
- The session was attended by 72 delegates, including prominent leaders like W.C. Bonnerjee and Dadabhai Naoroji.
- The Congress aimed to promote political awareness and foster unity among Indians.
- It marked the beginning of organized political activity in India, leading to the eventual struggle for independence.
Legacy
- The Indian National Congress played a crucial role in India's freedom movement.
- Over the years, it evolved into a major political party, influencing significant events in Indian history.
In conclusion, the first session’s location in Bombay was pivotal in setting the stage for future political developments in India. Thus, the claim that the first Congress session was held in Bombay is confirmed as True.

Gandhi's Return to India in 1915
After spending over two decades in South Africa, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. His arrival marked a significant turning point in Indian history, as he became a key figure in the Indian independence movement.
Joining the Independence Movement
Upon his return, Gandhi quickly recognized the need for a unified struggle against British colonial rule. Here are the pivotal actions he took:

• Understanding Indian Society: Gandhi traveled across India to understand the diverse social, economic, and political conditions of the people. He aimed to connect with the masses and identify their grievances.
• Non-Violent Resistance: He introduced the concept of Satyagraha, which means 'truth force' or 'soul force.' This approach emphasized non-violent resistance to oppression and became the cornerstone of his methods.
• Champaran and Kheda: Gandhi led successful campaigns in Champaran (1917) and Kheda (1918) to address the issues faced by farmers. These movements brought attention to the plight of the rural population and established Gandhi as a leader in the fight for rights.
• Formation of the Indian National Congress: Gandhi became a prominent leader within the Indian National Congress, advocating for greater autonomy and eventual independence from British rule.
• Mobilizing the Masses: Through peaceful protests, boycotts, and civil disobedience, he inspired millions of Indians to join the struggle against colonialism.

In summary, after returning to India in 1915, Gandhi joined the independence movement, leading it with his principles of non-violence and civil disobedience, ultimately shaping the course of Indian history.

Introduction to the Revolt of 1857
The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independence, was a significant uprising against British rule in India. It marked a pivotal moment in Indian history, culminating in widespread resistance.
Starting Point: Meerut
- The revolt officially began on May 10, 1857, in the town of Meerut, which is located in present-day Uttar Pradesh.
- It was triggered by discontent among Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army, primarily due to issues like cultural insensitivity, such as the introduction of the new Enfield rifle.
Events in Meerut
- On that fateful day, soldiers at the Meerut cantonment refused to use the cartridges that were rumored to be greased with animal fat, which was offensive to both Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
- The soldiers were subsequently punished, which incited a violent outburst leading to the mutiny.
Spread of the Revolt
- After its initiation in Meerut, the revolt quickly spread to other parts of India, including Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow.
- The discontent was fueled by various social, economic, and political grievances against British rule.
Conclusion
- Therefore, Meerut is recognized as the starting point of the Revolt of 1857, making it a crucial location in the history of India's struggle for independence. The events that unfolded there sparked a nationwide movement that sought to challenge British authority and reclaim Indian sovereignty.

The Revolutionaries thought that they should fight against British oppression. They chose to resist, which means standing up against something that is wrong or unfair.

Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Swami Dayananda were Indian reformers. They worked to improve society by fighting against social evils and promoting education.