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All questions of Structural Organisation in Animals for NEET Exam

Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to Periplaneta americana
  • a)
    Nervous system located dorsally, consists of segmentally arranged ganglia joined by a pair of longitudinal connectives.
  • b)
    Males bear a pair of short thread like anal styles.
  • c)
    There are 16 very long Malpighian tubules present at the junctions of midgut and hindgut.
  • d)
    Grinding of food is carried out only by the mouth parts.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Bs Academy answered
In male cockroach, from the side of the 9th sternum, there arises a paired, small unjoined outgrowths called anal styles. These structures are sensitive to touch. These are absent in female cockroach. Nervous system is located ventrally. There are 100-150 Malpighian tubules. Grinding of food is carried out by gizzard.

Identify the incorrect statement about frog.
  • a)
    Parathyroid and pineal body are present
  • b)
    There are twelve cranial nerves only 
  • c)
    Optic lobes are situated in the mid brain
  • d)
    The ventricle opens into the conus arteriosus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Joshi answered
The human body has 12 pairs of cranial nerves. The first two cranial nerves, the olfactory and optic nerves, originate from the cerebrum. The remaining 10 nerves originate from the brain stem. 

Following are given four statements (i) - (iv) related to frog. Read the statements carefully and select the option that identifies two correct statements.
 (i) The ovaries are situated near kidney and there is no functional connection with kidneys.
(ii) Vasa efferentia enter the kidneys on their side and open into Bidder's canal.
(iii) There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves arising from the brain.
(iv) RBCs are enucleated and contain red coloured pigment namely haemoglobin.
  • a)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • b)
    (i) and (ii)
  • c)
    (iii) and (iv)
  • d)
    (i) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation of the Correct Answer
The correct option is (b) (i) and (ii). Let’s break down the statements to understand why these are correct.
Statement (i): Ovaries and Kidneys
- The ovaries in frogs are indeed located near the kidneys.
- There is no direct functional connection between the ovaries and kidneys, which is accurate.
Statement (ii): Vasa Efferentia and Bidders Canal
- Vasa efferentia are the ducts that transport sperm from the testes to the kidneys.
- They open into Bidders canal, which is true for frogs.
Statement (iii): Cranial Nerves
- Frogs have ten pairs of cranial nerves, not twelve. This statement is incorrect.
Statement (iv): RBC Characteristics
- The red blood cells (RBCs) of frogs are actually nucleated, which contradicts the statement. So, this statement is also incorrect.
Summary of Correct Statements
- Correct Statements:
- Statement (i) - Ovaries are situated near kidneys with no functional connection.
- Statement (ii) - Vasa efferentia enter kidneys and open into Bidders canal.
- Incorrect Statements:
- Statement (iii) - There are only ten pairs of cranial nerves, not twelve.
- Statement (iv) - RBCs in frogs are nucleated, not enucleated.
Thus, the correct choice is option (b), which identifies statements (i) and (ii) as the accurate ones regarding the frog's anatomy and physiology.

In the mouth parts of a cockroach, the labium forms _______ (i) while _____ (ii) acts as a tongue.
  • a)
    (i)- upper lip; (ii)- maxilla
  • b)
    (i)- upper lip; (ii)- hypopharynx
  • c)
    (i)- lower lip; (ii)- maxilla
  • d)
    (i)- lower lip; (ii)- hypopharynx
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
The mouth parts of cockroach are of biting and chewing type consisting of labrum (upper lip), a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae and a labium (lower lip). Within the oral cavity enclosed by the mouthparts, lies a median flexible lobe called hypopharynx (tongue).

The Bidder's canal is found in
  • a)
    tastes of frog
  • b)
    ovary of mammal
  • c)
    kidney of frog
  • d)
    kidney of mammal
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Preeti Iyer answered
Bidder's canal found in the kidney of frog and as urinogenital canal opening into ureter. It helps in excretion. 

Lining of intestine of man is
  • a)
    Brush bordered
  • b)
    Ciliated
  • c)
    Non-keratinised
  • d)
    Keratinised
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
The outer surface of columnar epithelial cells lining the intestine of man is brush-bordered. It is made up of microvilli that greatly increase the surface area for absorption.

Pick the odd one in each series and select the correct option:
(i) Areolar tissue, blood neuron, tendon
(ii) Salivary gland, gastric gland, tear gland, thyroid gland
(iii) Adrenal gland, sweat gland, milk gland, oil gland
  • a)
    (i) Areolar tissue; (ii) Gastric gland; (ii) Milk gland
  • b)
    (i) Blood; (ii)- Tear gland; (ii) Oil glamd
  • c)
    (i) Tendon; (ii) Salivary gland; (iii) Sweat gland
  • d)
    (i) Neuron; (ii) Thyroid gland; (iii) Adrenal gland
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sameer Roy answered
i) Areolar tissue, blood neuron, tendon:
The odd one out in this series is 'blood neuron'.

- Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue that is found in various parts of the body. It provides support and flexibility to organs and holds them in place.
- Tendon is a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, allowing for movement and transmitting forces from muscle to bone.
- Blood is a fluid connective tissue that is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Neurons, on the other hand, are specialized cells of the nervous system and are not considered a connective tissue.

ii) Salivary gland, gastric gland, tear gland, thyroid gland:
The odd one out in this series is 'tear gland'.

- Salivary glands produce saliva, which helps in the digestion of food.
- Gastric glands are found in the stomach and secrete gastric juice, which aids in the digestion of proteins.
- Thyroid glands produce hormones that regulate metabolism. Tear glands, also known as lacrimal glands, produce tears that help in lubricating and protecting the eyes. Unlike the other glands mentioned, tear glands are not involved in digestion or metabolism.

iii) Adrenal gland, sweat gland, milk gland, oil gland:
The odd one out in this series is 'milk gland'.

- Adrenal glands produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which are involved in the body's response to stress and metabolism regulation.
- Sweat glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps to cool down the body and regulate body temperature.
- Oil glands, also known as sebaceous glands, produce sebum, an oily substance that helps to moisturize and protect the skin and hair. Milk glands, on the other hand, are specific to female mammals and are responsible for producing milk to nourish their young. They are not found in other animals or in males.

Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) In simple cuboidal epithelium, nuclei are rounded and lie in the centre of the cells
(ii) Non-keratinised epithelium is impermeable to water.
(iii) Yellow elastic fibrocartilage makes cartilage flexible
(iv) Areolar tissue forms a shock absorbing cushion around the eye balls and kidneys.
  • a)
    (i) and (iii)
  • b)
    (i) and (ii)
  • c)
    (iii) and (iv)
  • d)
    (ii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Keratinized epithelium is impermeable to water. Adipose tissue forms a shock absorbing cushion around the eye balls and kidneys. So, option ii and 1v are wrong. In simple cuboidal epithelium where the length of the cell is equal to the breadth, the nucleus is conspicuous and centrally placed. Yellow elastin fibre provides flexibility, which is a component of the cartilage matrix along with collagen and other components.
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (iii)'

Mammalian bone differs from cartilage in the presence of _______________.
  • a)
    lymph vessels
  • b)
    collagen
  • c)
    blood vessels
  • d)
    Haversian canals
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Haversian canal is a small canal that ramify throughout compact bone. It forms a central tube around which are alternate layers of bone matrix and lacunae containing bone cells. The lacunae are linked by minute channels called canaliculi.

Read the following statements about cockroach
(i) In male cockroach, a characteristic mushroom shaped gland is present in the 6th and 7th abdominal segments which junctions as an accessory reproductive gland.
(ii) Cockroach is uricotelic
(iii) The fat body and uricose glands are glandular in function
(iv) Blood from sinuses enter heart through ostia and is pumped anteriorly to sinuses again
Which of the above statements are correct?
  • a)
    (i), (ii) and (iv)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • c)
    (i) and (iv)
  • d)
    (ii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Sharma answered
In male cockroach, the junction of vasa defferentia and the ejaculatory duct is surrounded by a characterstick mushroom gland; lying in the 6th-7th abdominal segments. Its secretion provides nourishment to the sperms and forms the innermost layer of spermatophore. Cockroach excretes uric acid, therefore it is uricotelic. Blood from sinuses enter 68
heart through ostia and is pumped anteriorly to sinuses again. In cockroach, excretion is done by Malpighian tubules. In addition, the fat body, neohrocytes and uricose glands also help in excretion.

Which of the following statements is correct about the respiration in frog?
(i) In frog, cutaneous and pulmonary respiration are found
(ii) A pair of elongated pink hollow lungs are found in thorax.
(iii) During aestivation and hibernation, gaseous exchange takes place through skin.
  • a)
    (i), (ii) and (iii)
  • b)
    (i) and (iii)
  • c)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • d)
    (i) and (ii)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Respiration in Frog

In frogs, respiration occurs through a combination of cutaneous (skin) and pulmonary (lung) respiration. Let's analyze each statement to determine the correct answer.

(i) In frog, cutaneous and pulmonary respiration are found.
This statement is correct. Frogs have a unique respiratory system that allows them to respire through both their skin and lungs. Cutaneous respiration refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) through the frog's moist skin. This is particularly important when the frog is in water, as it allows for efficient gas exchange. Additionally, frogs also have lungs for pulmonary respiration. However, frogs primarily rely on cutaneous respiration for gas exchange.

(ii) A pair of elongated pink hollow lungs are found in the thorax.
This statement is correct. Frogs indeed possess a pair of lungs located in the thoracic cavity. These lungs are elongated and pink in color. The lungs are hollow structures that allow for the exchange of gases with the surrounding environment. While frogs mainly rely on cutaneous respiration, their lungs provide an additional respiratory surface.

(iii) During aestivation and hibernation, gaseous exchange takes place through the skin.
This statement is correct. Aestivation is a state of prolonged dormancy that some frogs enter during hot and dry periods, while hibernation is a state of prolonged dormancy during cold periods. During these periods, frogs reduce their metabolic rate and conserve energy. As a result, their lung activity decreases, and they rely heavily on cutaneous respiration through their skin for gas exchange.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - (i), (ii), and (iii). Frogs use both cutaneous and pulmonary respiration, possess elongated pink hollow lungs in the thorax, and rely on cutaneous respiration during aestivation and hibernation.

In cockroach, the ootheca is formed by the secretion of 
  • a)
    phallic gland
  • b)
    collaterial gland
  • c)
    mushroom gland
  • d)
    conglobate gland
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Maitri Tiwari answered
The Formation of Ootheca in Cockroach

The ootheca is a protective structure that houses the eggs of a cockroach. It is formed by the secretion of the collateral gland, which is located in the female reproductive system of the cockroach. Let's explore the process of ootheca formation in detail.

Collateral Gland:
The collateral gland is a specialized gland found in the reproductive system of female cockroaches. It is responsible for the secretion of a proteinaceous substance that forms the ootheca. This gland is located in the posterior region of the ovaries.

Process of Ootheca Formation:
The formation of the ootheca in cockroaches involves a series of steps. Here is a detailed explanation of each step:

1. Mating: Before the female cockroach can produce an ootheca, she must mate with a male cockroach. During mating, the male transfers sperm to the female's reproductive system.

2. Ovarian Development: After mating, the female cockroach's ovaries undergo development. The ovaries contain multiple ovarioles, which are tubular structures where the eggs are produced.

3. Egg Maturation: Inside each ovariole, the eggs undergo maturation. They develop a protective covering called the chorion, which is secreted by specialized cells in the ovariole.

4. Ootheca Formation: Once the eggs are mature, they move into the oviduct. At the junction of the oviduct and the collateral gland, the secretion from the collateral gland is added to the eggs. This secretion is proteinaceous and forms a foamy, sticky substance.

5. Ootheca Structure: As the foamy substance is secreted, it hardens and forms a protective casing around the eggs. This casing is the ootheca. It is elongated in shape and has a series of ridges or crests along its length. The ootheca provides protection to the eggs from desiccation, mechanical damage, and predators.

6. Ootheca Deposition: Once the ootheca is fully formed, the female cockroach deposits it in a suitable location. The ootheca can be attached to a surface, such as a wall or under furniture, using a sticky substance secreted by the female.

7. Egg Hatching: The eggs inside the ootheca undergo embryonic development. After a certain period, the eggs hatch into nymphs, which resemble miniature versions of adult cockroaches.

In conclusion, the ootheca in cockroaches is formed by the secretion of the collateral gland. This gland produces a proteinaceous substance that hardens and forms a protective casing around the eggs. The ootheca provides a safe environment for the eggs to develop and hatch into nymphs.

Which of the following statements is/are not correct regarding connective tissues?
(i) They are the most abundant and widely distributed in the body of complex animals.
(ii) They connect and support other tissues.
(iii) They include diverse tissues such as bones, cartilage, tendons, adipose, and other loose connective tissues.
(iv) They form the internal and external lining of many organs.
(v) Blood is an example of a fluid connective tissue.
  • a)
    (iv) only
  • b)
    (v) only
  • c)
    (i) and (ii)
  • d)
    (ii) and (v)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Correct option is A
The internal and external lining of organs is formed by different types of epithelial tissue, based on the function of the organ. Example, alveoli- exchange of gases- squamous epithelium, skin-protection - keratinised epithelium and so on... . The function of different types of connective tissue is transport substances between various tissues and organs in the body (blood), bind tissue together (loose and dense) and to provide support (bone and cartilage), that i's they do not form linings of body organs.
All the other statements about connective tissue are true.
So, the correct answer is '(iv) only'

Read the following four statements (i) – (iv) with certain mistakes in two of them.
(i) Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue located beneath the skin.
(ii) In each body segment of earthworm except the first, fifth and clitellum there are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of each segment.
(iii) Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embroys are replaced by bones in adults.
(iv) Smooth muscles are ‘involuntary’ as their functioning cannot be directly controlled.
Which of the above statements have mistakes?
  • a)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • b)
    (iii) and (iv)
  • c)
    (i) and (iii)
  • d)
    (i) and (ii)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sagarika Bajaj answered
Analysis of Statements
To determine which statements contain mistakes, let's examine each one individually:
(i) Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue located beneath the skin.
- Mistake: Adipose tissue is not classified as dense connective tissue; it is a type of loose connective tissue. Its primary function is to store energy in the form of fat, provide insulation, and protect organs.
(ii) In each body segment of earthworm except the first, fifth and clitellum there are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of each segment.
- Correct: This statement is accurate. Earthworms have setae that assist in movement, and the specified segments are indeed exceptions.
(iii) Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced by bones in adults.
- Mistake: While it is true that many cartilages are replaced by bone, not all cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced. Some remain as cartilage in adults (e.g., nose, ears).
(iv) Smooth muscles are ‘involuntary’ as their functioning cannot be directly controlled.
- Correct: This statement is accurate. Smooth muscles are indeed involuntary, meaning they are not under conscious control.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Mistaken Statements: (i) and (iii)
- Correct Choices: Option (d) is correct as it identifies the errors in statements (i) and (iii).
Understanding these distinctions is crucial for fields like biology and medicine, particularly for exams like NEET.

Nerve cells do not divide because they do not have
  • a)
    nucleus
  • b)
    centrosome
  • c)
    Golgi body
  • d)
    mitochondria
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Once being differentiated, nerve cells do not divide as dissolved in blood plasma giving red col they lack mitotic activity. Lack of mitotic activity indicates Blood is confined to heart and vessels in die that they do not have centrosome system

'Mummies' of Egypt still have their arteries preserved due to the presence of
  • a)
    Yellow elastic connective tissue fibres
  • b)
    White fibrous connective tissue fibres
  • c)
    cartilage
  • d)
    valves
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Yellow elastic connective tissue fibres are present in the wall of blood vessels, lungs, bronchioles, cartilage larynx and trachea, etc. These fibres have considerable strength and remarkable elasticity, 'Mummies' of Egypt still have their arteries intact due to the presence of these fibres.

2. Frogs have three modes of respiration. Which one of the following is not a method of respiration in frogs?
  • a)
    respiration through trachea 
  • b)
    respiration through mouth
  • c)
    respiration through skin 
  • d)
    respiration through lungs 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dev Patel answered
Frogs have three main modes of respiration
  • Respiration through skin: Frogs can absorb oxygen directly through their moist skin, especially when underwater.
  • Respiration through mouth: Also known as buccal respiration, where they take in oxygen through the lining of their mouth.
  • Respiration through lungs: Frogs use their lungs to breathe air, especially when they are on land.
Frogs do not use a trachea for respiration. Hence, the correct answer is
A: respiration through trachea

Which of the following statements is correct regarding cockroach?
  • a)
    It possesses ventral nerve cord
  • b)
    Its spiracles help in excretion
  • c)
    Phallomere is present in female cockroach
  • d)
    Compound eye is also called as ocellus
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
Cockroach possesses ventral nerve cord. Spiracles help in respiration. Phallomere is present in male cockroach. It helps in the transfer of spermatophore from male cockroach to female cockroach. Ocellus is a simple eye that occurs in insects and other invertebrates.

3. What is the main function of the nictitating membrane in frogs?
  • a)
    Helps in swimming
  • b)
    Protects eyes underwater
  • c)
    Assists in respiration
  • d)
    Maintains body temperature
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
The nictitating membrane in frogs serves primarily to protect their eyes underwater. Here's why:
  • Acts like a transparent or translucent third eyelid.
  • Provides a layer of protection from debris and predators while swimming.
  • Maintains moisture on the eye surface while allowing frogs to see clearly underwater.
     
Therefore, the correct answer is:
B: Protects eyes underwater

Read the following statements and select the correct option
Statement- 1: Urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium
Statement- 2: Transitional epithelium  keeps the size of bladder constant at all time.
  • a)
    Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  • b)
    Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
  • c)
    Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
  • d)
    Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Parth Jain answered
Explanation:

Statement 1: Urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium
- Transitional epithelium is a type of stratified epithelium that lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra in the human body.
- It is made up of multiple layers of cells that can stretch and contract in response to the volume of urine in the bladder.

Statement 2: Transitional epithelium keeps the size of bladder constant at all times
- While transitional epithelium allows the bladder to stretch and expand as it fills with urine, it does not actively regulate the size of the bladder to keep it constant at all times.
- The size of the bladder is regulated by the nervous system, which signals the muscles in the bladder wall to contract and relax to control the volume of urine stored in the bladder.
Therefore, option B: Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect is the correct answer.

Which one of the following is correct pairing of a body part and the kind of muscle tissue that moves it?
  • a)
    Biceps of upper arm - Smooth muscle fibres
  • b)
    Abdominal wall - Voluntary smooth muscle
  • c)
    Iris - Involuntary smooth muscle
  • d)
    Heart wall - Involuntary unstriated muscle
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Involuntary smooth muscle are those muscles that are not under the control of our will. The muscle fibre the muscle fibers are without any striations (stripes). Iris has involuntary smooth muscle, Biceps of upper arm and abdominal wall have striated muscle fibres. Heart wall has involuntary striated muscle

Cardiac muscle cells differ from striated muscle cells in having _______________.
  • a)
    a centrally located nucleus
  • b)
    different myofibrils
  • c)
    fewer mitochondria
  • d)
    no sarcoplasmic reticulum
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
The cardiac muscle fibres are uninucleate and their nuclei are centrally placed. Striated muscle fibres are multinucleated and their nuclei lie at irregular intervals.

Which of the following is correct for the common Cockroach?
  • a)
    Malpighian tubules are excretory organs that project out from coelom.
  • b)
    Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin in blood.
  • c)
    Nitrogenous excretory product is urea.
  • d)
    The food is ground by mandibles and gizzard.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
The two mandibles in the mouth part of cockroach bear teeth which cut and masticate the food into fine particles. Gizzard is a part of alimentary canal which is used for grinding the food as it bears six muscular folds covered by chitinous conical plates, the teeth. Malpighian tubules arise from the junction of mid-out and hind-gut. Orygen is transported by tracheae as no pigment is present in the blood. Nitrogenous excretory product is uric acid.

Areolar connective tissue joins
  • a)
    Bones with bones
  • b)
    Fat body with muscles
  • c)
    Integument with muscles
  • d)
    Bones with muscles
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Pragati Chopra answered
Integument with muscles
Areolar connective tissue is a type of loose connective tissue that plays a vital role in connecting various structures within the body. In this case, it joins the integument (skin) with muscles.

Functions of areolar connective tissue:
- Provides support and elasticity to the skin and muscles
- Allows for movement and flexibility in the body
- Helps in the repair of damaged tissues
- Supplies nutrients and removes waste products from cells

Specific role in connecting integument with muscles:
Areolar connective tissue forms a layer beneath the skin and between muscles, creating a flexible and supportive connection between the two structures. This tissue allows for smooth movement of muscles under the skin and helps in maintaining the integrity of the skin-muscle interface.

Importance of this connection:
The connection between the integument and muscles is crucial for various body functions such as movement, protection, and support. Areolar connective tissue ensures that these structures work together seamlessly, allowing for coordinated movement and overall body function.
In conclusion, areolar connective tissue joins the integument with muscles, providing support, flexibility, and integrity to this important connection within the body.

In frog, mesorchium is a thin fold of membrane extending between
  • a)
    two testes
  • b)
    liver and kidneys
  • c)
    two kidneys
  • d)
    kidneys and testes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
In frog, there is present a cylindrical testis near each kidney, being suspended by mesorchium. There arise several then vasa efferntia from each testis that emerges through mesorchium and join the uriniferous tubules of the posterior part of the kidney to open into the Bidder's canal which in turn open into the ureter.

In the given diagram of a section of hyaline cartilage, the different parts have been indicated by alphabets. Choose the answer in which these alphabets correctly match the parts they indicate.
  • a)
    A- Perichondrium; B- Chondrocyte; C- Lacuna; D- Capsular matrix
  • b)
    A- Blood vessel; B- Chondrocyte; C- Lacuna; D- Perichondrium
  • c)
    A- Matrix; B- Chondrocyte; C- Lacuna; D- Perichondrium
  • d)
    A- Matrix; B- Lacuna; C- Chondrocyte; D- Capsular matrix
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
A cartilage cell is present in a fluid filled space, the cartilage lacuna. Matrix consists essentially of water. proteoglycans (proteins and carbohydrates), some lipids. collagen, non collagenous protein and collagen fibres. Mature cells are larger in size, more rounded, but still have a few surface projections and are known as chondrocytes. The free surfaces of hyaline cartilage are covered by a fibrous membrane called the perichondrium but it is not present in fibrous cartilage.

About how many times does the nymph of Periplaneta americana undergo moulting before becoming an adult?
  • a)
    4
  • b)
    2
  • c)
    17
  • d)
    13
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Sengupta answered
Immediately after hatching, the nymphs undergo first moulting or ecdysis and then 13 successive moults follow. As nymphal development proceeds, the wing pads arise, body increases in size, colouration becomes darker and ultimately the adult takes its form with fully developed wings and genitalia.

The given figure shows alimentary canal of cockroach. Identify the parts labelled as A to D and select the correct option.
  • a)
    A- Gizzard; B- Crop; C- Hepatic caecae; D- Malpighian tubules
  • b)
    A- Crop; B- Gizzard; C- Hepatic caecae; D- Malpighian tubules
  • c)
    A- Crop; B- Gizzard; C- Malpighian tubules; D- Hepatic caecae
  • d)
    A- Gizzard; B- Crop; C- Malpighian tubules; D- Hepatic caecae
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
Alimentary canal of cockroach is a long and somewhat coiled tube of uneven diameter. Crop is large, thin-walled, pear-shaped sac, which extends well up to the third or fourth abdominal segment. It is the largest part of foregut. Crop serves as a reservoir for storing food. The gizzard or proventriculus, marks the end of foregut. In the gizzard, the cuticular lining first forms 6 plates with teeth to grind the food, and then bears bristles to let only the well crushed food to pass on. Opening into the anterior end of midgut are 7 or 8 short, narrow, blindly ending hollow tubes, called enteric or hepatic caeca. These are internally lined by epithelium and secrete digestive enzymes. From the junction of midgut and hindgut arise 80 to 90 very narrow, thread-like, yellow-coloured blind tubules projecting freely into haemocoel. These are called Malpighian tubules and are excretory in function.

Cartilage is formed by
  • a)
    chondrocytes
  • b)
    osteoblasts
  • c)
    osteoclasts
  • d)
    fibroblasts
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered
Cartilage is a soft skeletal tissue formed by cells called chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are mature, large and rounded cells with few surface projections.

In the following diagram of a leg of Cockroach parts have been indicated by alphabets. Choose the answer in which these alphabets have been correctly matched with the parts which they indicate
  • a)
    a = Coxa, b = Tibia, c = Tarsus, d = Femur, e = Trochanter
  • b)
    a = Coxa, b = Femur, c = Trochanter, d = Tarsus, e = Ttibia
  • c)
    a = Coxa, b = Tarsus, c = Femur, d = Tibia, e = Trochanter
  • d)
    a = Coxa, b = Trochanter, c = Femur, d = Tibia, e = Tarsus
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
Leg of the cockroach is articulated with its thoracic by a stout flattened, basal coxa, followed by a triangular trochanter. The latter is fused to a stout spiny femur followed by a slender spiny tibia, which is the longest segment of leg. Finally, the tarsus is made of 5 very small movable podomeres or tarsomeres bearing fine hairs.

Study the given figure of reproductive system of male cockroach.
In which of the labelled parts are the sperms stored?
  • a)
    A
  • b)
    B
  • c)
    C
  • d)
    D
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
'B' is seminal vesicle where the sperms are stored. Here, the sperms are glued together in the form of bundles called spermatophores which are discharged during copulation.

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