All questions of From a Kingdom to an Empire for Class 6 Exam

Ashoka, the Mauryan emperor, conveyed his message to the people through carving on inscriptions. This was a remarkable method of communication that helped him to reach out to the masses and spread his message effectively. The inscriptions were written in the language of the common people, Prakrit, and were carved on rocks, pillars, and caves. The inscriptions were written in Brahmi script, which was the script used for writing Prakrit.

Methods used by Ashoka to convey his message:

1. Rock Edicts: Ashoka's rock edicts were written on large rocks and boulders. These were placed at strategic locations along the main highways, so that people could easily read them as they traveled. The edicts contained Ashoka's message of non-violence, morality, and social welfare.

2. Pillar Edicts: Ashoka's pillar edicts were inscribed on the pillars that he erected throughout his empire. These pillars were made of sandstone and were highly polished. The edicts contained Ashoka's message of peace, tolerance, and respect for all religions.

3. Cave Inscriptions: Ashoka's cave inscriptions were carved on the walls of caves. These were usually located in remote areas and were meant to be a source of inspiration and guidance for monks and other spiritual seekers.

4. Minor Rock Edicts: These edicts were smaller in size and were inscribed on rocks and boulders in various parts of the empire. They contained Ashoka's message of compassion, respect for elders, and care for animals.

In conclusion, Ashoka's method of communication through carving on inscriptions was a highly effective way of reaching out to the masses. His message of peace, non-violence, and social welfare has influenced generations of people and continues to inspire us today.

Explanation:
Kalinga was the ancient name of Coastal Orissa. It was a powerful kingdom that existed during the 6th century BCE to the 15th century CE. Kalinga was known for its rich culture, art, literature, and trade. The kingdom was ruled by various dynasties such as the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Guptas, and many more.

History of Kalinga:
Kalinga was an important center of trade and commerce during ancient times. The kingdom was known for its maritime trade with Southeast Asia, China, and other parts of the world. Kalinga was also known for its art and architecture, and many famous temples and monuments were built during this period.

Emperor Ashoka:
Emperor Ashoka is known for his conquest of Kalinga. The Kalinga War was fought between the Mauryan Empire and the Kalinga Kingdom in 261 BCE. The war resulted in a massive loss of life and resources, and it had a profound impact on Ashoka. He renounced violence and embraced Buddhism, and he became a patron of the religion. Ashoka's reign is considered to be a golden age of peace and prosperity in ancient India.

The Legacy of Kalinga:
Kalinga's legacy can be seen in the rich cultural heritage of Coastal Orissa. The region is known for its classical dance forms like Odissi and Chhau, and its unique style of temple architecture. The famous Sun Temple at Konark is a prime example of Kalinga's architectural prowess.

Conclusion:
Kalinga was an ancient kingdom that played a significant role in shaping the culture and history of Coastal Orissa. Its legacy can be seen in the rich cultural heritage of the region, and it continues to inspire generations of artists and scholars.

The national emblem of India has been taken from the Sarnath Lion Capital, which features four Asiatic lions standing back to back, mounted on a circular abacus. The Sarnath Lion Capital was erected by Emperor Ashoka during the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE to mark the spot where Buddha first taught the Dharma.
The four lions in the emblem represent power, courage, pride, and confidence. The circular abacus features intricate carvings of various animals and symbols, such as a bull, a horse, a lion, an elephant, and a wheel (Dharmachakra), signifying the spreading of Buddha's teachings. The abacus also has four small animals between the spokes of the wheel, which represent the four cardinal directions. The Sarnath Lion Capital was adopted as the national emblem of India on 26th January 1950, after the country gained independence from British rule.
So, the correct answer is c) Lion.

Role of Pataliputra in Provincial Governance
Pataliputra, the capital of ancient India, played a significant role in the governance of its provinces. It served as the central hub from which authority was exercised, but its relationship with local governance was more nuanced.
Balance of Control
- Pataliputra had some degree of control over the provinces.
- It established policies and provided a framework for administration.
Local Customs and Rules
- Despite the central authority, local customs and traditions were likely upheld.
- Provincial governors or local leaders retained influence over day-to-day governance, which allowed for flexibility in administration.
Influence of Local Governance
- The provinces likely operated under their own set of rules and practices, reflecting the unique cultural and social dynamics of each region.
- This approach ensured that governance was not overly centralized, allowing for a harmonious coexistence between Pataliputra’s directives and local practices.
Conclusion
Overall, option 'C' accurately reflects that Pataliputra had a level of control over the provinces while still respecting and incorporating local customs and rules. This balance allowed for effective governance that was adaptable to the diverse needs of the provinces.

Chanakya

Introduction to Ashoka the Great
Ashoka the Great was the third Mauryan emperor, ruling from 268 to 232 BCE. He is renowned for his transformation from a warrior king to a proponent of peace and Buddhism after witnessing the devastation of war.
The Battle of Kalinga
- The pivotal event that changed Ashoka's perspective was the Battle of Kalinga, fought in 261 BCE.
- This battle was marked by intense violence and loss of life, with estimates suggesting over 100,000 soldiers and civilians were killed or displaced.
Impact of the Battle
- The gruesome consequences of the Kalinga War deeply affected Ashoka.
- Witnessing the suffering and anguish of the people led him to reflect on the futility of war.
- He realized that conquest through violence brought only sorrow and not true happiness or stability.
Embrace of Buddhism
- Following the battle, Ashoka embraced Buddhism, promoting its teachings of non-violence and compassion.
- He adopted a policy of Dhamma, which emphasized moral governance, ethical behavior, and respect for all living beings.
Conclusion: The End of Warfare
- Ashoka's decision to renounce warfare after Kalinga marked a significant shift in his reign.
- He focused on spreading Buddhist values, building hospitals, and creating infrastructure to support his subjects rather than engaging in further military campaigns.
- This legacy of peace and tolerance remains one of the most notable aspects of his rule, making him a historical icon of non-violence.