All questions of Rural Livelihoods for Class 6 Exam

Non-Farming Activities

Non-farming activities are those activities that are not related to agriculture or farming. These activities can be classified into two types:

- On-farm activities: These are activities that are related to agriculture but not directly involved in farming. For example, irrigation, harvesting, threshing, etc.
- Off-farm activities: These are activities that are not related to agriculture at all. For example, making utensils, pottery making, selling goods, etc.

Answer Explanation

The correct answer is option 'D' - Irrigation.

Explanation:

Irrigation is an on-farm activity, which means it is related to agriculture. It is the process of supplying water to crops. Therefore, it cannot be classified as a non-farming activity. The other options - making utensils, pottery making, and selling goods - are all examples of off-farm activities. These activities are not directly related to agriculture, but they are important for the livelihoods of people living in rural areas.

The correct answer is option 'D' - Blacksmith.

A blacksmith is a person who engages in the craft of forging iron and steel to create various tools, instruments, and other iron goods. Let's delve into the details of why the blacksmith is the correct answer for this question.

Blacksmithing as a Craft:
Blacksmithing is a skilled trade that dates back centuries and involves working with metal, primarily iron and steel. It requires expertise in heating, shaping, and hammering the metal to create useful objects. Blacksmiths use various tools and techniques to transform raw materials into finished products.

Key Characteristics of a Blacksmith:
1. Working with Iron: A blacksmith works primarily with iron, which is heated until it becomes malleable and can be shaped. They may also work with other materials like steel or alloys.

2. Crafting Tools and Instruments: A blacksmith is known for creating a wide range of iron goods, including tools, instruments, and equipment. This can include items such as hammers, axes, pliers, chisels, and agricultural implements.

3. Traditional Techniques: Blacksmiths typically employ traditional techniques such as forging, hammering, and shaping the metal by hand. They may also use specialized tools like anvils, hammers, tongs, and power tools like a forge or a power hammer.

4. Customization and Repair: Blacksmiths often provide customized solutions by tailoring their creations to specific requirements. They can also repair damaged or broken tools and objects.

Importance of Blacksmithing:
Blacksmithing has played a vital role throughout history and continues to be an important craft in modern times. Some key points highlighting its significance include:

1. Tool Production: Blacksmiths have been responsible for producing essential tools and instruments required in various industries, including agriculture, construction, and manufacturing.

2. Cultural Heritage: Blacksmithing is an integral part of many cultures worldwide, with each region having its own unique styles and techniques. It preserves traditional skills and craftsmanship.

3. Artistic Expression: Blacksmithing is not only a functional craft but also an art form. Many blacksmiths create intricate and aesthetically pleasing designs, sculptures, and decorative items.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, a blacksmith is the correct answer for this question because they engage in the craft of making iron goods, tools, instruments, and other useful objects. Their expertise lies in working with iron, employing traditional techniques, and providing customized solutions. Blacksmithing is an important trade that has historical significance and continues to be relevant in various industries.

Option a

Explanation:
The land features that surround a village can have a significant impact on the village's development and way of life. In this case, the correct answer is option C, which means that the village is surrounded by low hills. Let us discuss why this is the correct answer.

1. Low hills provide natural protection: When a village is surrounded by low hills, it gets natural protection from natural calamities like landslides and floods. The hills act as a barrier that prevents the water from flowing into the village during heavy rains.

2. Low hills provide fertile land: The soil in the hills is generally rich in nutrients due to the erosion caused by rainwater. This makes the land fertile, and the villagers can grow crops and vegetables easily.

3. Low hills offer scenic beauty: The presence of low hills around the village adds to its scenic beauty. The hills provide a perfect backdrop for the village, making it attractive to tourists.

4. Low hills provide a source of water: The hills act as a catchment area for rainwater. The water flows down from the hills and collects in the streams and rivers, providing a source of water for the village.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option C - the village is surrounded by low hills. The presence of low hills provides natural protection, fertile land, scenic beauty, and a source of water for the village.

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Reasons for Farmers to Take Loans:

There are several reasons why farmers take loans, including:

1. Purchase of Seeds:
Farmers need to purchase seeds for their crops, which can be quite expensive, especially in the case of hybrid or genetically modified seeds.

2. Purchase of Fertilisers:
Fertilisers are essential for crop growth and yield. Farmers need to purchase fertilisers to ensure that their crops receive the necessary nutrients.

3. Purchase of Pesticides:
Pesticides are used to control pests and diseases that can damage crops. Farmers need to purchase pesticides to protect their crops and ensure a good yield.

4. Purchase of Machinery:
Farmers need to use various types of machinery, such as tractors, harvesters, and cultivators, to prepare their land and harvest their crops. These machines can be quite expensive, and farmers may need to take loans to purchase them.

5. Irrigation:
In many parts of the world, farmers need to irrigate their crops to ensure that they receive enough water. This may involve the installation of irrigation systems, which can be quite expensive.

6. Livestock:
Some farmers may also raise livestock, such as cows, pigs, or chickens. They may need to take loans to purchase livestock or to build facilities to house them.

7. Emergencies:
Finally, farmers may need to take loans in case of emergencies, such as crop failures due to natural disasters, or to cover unexpected expenses.

Exception: Tourism
Tourism is not a reason why farmers would need to take out a loan. While some farmers may choose to diversify their income streams by offering agritourism activities, such as farm stays or guided tours, these activities are typically funded by the income generated from the farm itself, rather than by loans.

B

D)

Sources of livelihood in rural areas

Rural areas are primarily characterized by agriculture and related activities. The people in rural areas engage in various occupations to sustain their livelihoods. While options a), b), and c) are all common sources of livelihood for rural communities, option d) - selling goods in malls - is not a typical source of income for people in rural areas.

Explanation

Agriculture and farming: Agriculture and farming are the primary sources of livelihood for people in rural areas. They cultivate crops, such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and cash crops, which they sell in nearby markets. This activity provides a steady income for rural communities.

Animal husbandry: Animal husbandry is another important occupation in rural areas. People rear livestock, including cows, buffaloes, goats, and poultry. They sell milk, eggs, meat, and other animal products in nearby villages or markets. Animal husbandry provides both food and income for rural households.

Fishing: Rural areas located near rivers, lakes, or the coast often rely on fishing as a significant source of livelihood. Fishing communities engage in various fishing activities, including catching fish, shrimp, crabs, and other aquatic animals. They sell their catch locally or to nearby markets.

Selling goods in malls: Selling goods in malls is not a common source of livelihood for people in rural areas. Malls are typically found in urban or semi-urban areas, where there is a larger consumer base and demand for various products and services. Rural areas usually lack the infrastructure and market demand necessary to support malls, making this option less likely as a source of livelihood for rural communities.

In conclusion, while selling milk in nearby villages, animal husbandry, and fishing are common sources of livelihood for people in rural areas, selling goods in malls is not a typical occupation in rural communities.

Fishes generally breed with the onset of monsoon. This is also the season when the water levels are at their highest. The tradition of not fishing during these 3-4 months stems from the fact that the fishing communities want to replenish the resources because their livelihood depends on this.
From a scientific point of view, it helps the ecosystem because overfishing can be catastrophic in the long run, leaving no fish at all (in inland waterways at least) in a matter of few years if Fishermen don't take a sabbatical for 3-4 months.

B is correct

Irrigation

The correct working time in the paddy field in Kalpattu is option B, which is from 8.30 am to 4.30 pm. This answer can be determined by considering various factors such as the climate, labor laws, and the usual working hours in the agricultural sector.

**Climate and agricultural practices:**
Kalpattu is located in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The region experiences a tropical climate, with hot and humid weather throughout the year. Paddy fields are typically flooded with water for the cultivation of rice, which requires a specific temperature and humidity range. Therefore, it is essential to consider the climatic conditions when determining the working hours in the paddy fields.

**Labor laws and regulations:**
Labor laws and regulations play a significant role in defining the working hours in any industry, including agriculture. In India, the labor laws vary from state to state. Tamil Nadu, where Kalpattu is located, follows the regulations set by the Factories Act, 1948, and the Shops and Establishments Act, 1947.

According to the Factories Act, the maximum working hours for adult workers in factories, including agricultural operations, is 9 hours per day or 48 hours per week. Additionally, the law requires a minimum of 30 minutes of rest after every 5 hours of work.

**Usual working hours in the agricultural sector:**
Considering the climate and labor laws, the usual working hours in the paddy fields in Kalpattu are likely to be determined to ensure the well-being and safety of the workers. Option B, which states the working hours from 8.30 am to 4.30 pm, aligns with the maximum working hours allowed per day as per the labor laws. This duration of 8 hours includes a one-hour lunch break and two 15-minute rest breaks, which are consistent with the legal requirements.

**Conclusion:**
Taking into account the climate, labor laws, and the usual working hours in the agricultural sector, option B, which indicates the working time from 8.30 am to 4.30 pm, is the correct answer. This timing ensures compliance with the labor laws while considering the specific requirements of paddy field cultivation in Kalpattu.

C

Ramalingam is a big farmer having twenty acres of land. Sekar takes loan from Thulasi and buys seeds and fertilizers.

Land less labourers were not owned by any land for farming and worked in someone's land for their livelihood. Landless labourers were present in rural region and depend their livelihood on middle class or rich farmers, landless labourers are more exploitative people.

Food Habits in Tamil Nadu

Food plays a significant role in the culture of Tamil Nadu, and the cuisine of the region is diverse and flavorful. People in Tamil Nadu typically consume a variety of dishes, including idli, dosa, and upma.

Idli

Idli is a popular South Indian dish made from rice and lentil batter. It is steamed to perfection and is often served with chutney and sambar. Idli is a staple breakfast item in Tamil Nadu and is loved by people of all ages.

Dosa

Dosa is another well-loved South Indian dish that is made from a fermented batter of rice and lentils. It is thin and crispy and can be filled with various ingredients like potatoes, onions, and cheese. Dosas are typically served with chutney and sambar.

Upma

Upma is a savory porridge-like dish made from semolina or coarse rice flour. It is seasoned with spices, vegetables, and nuts, making it a flavorful and healthy breakfast option. Upma is a popular dish in Tamil Nadu and is often enjoyed with a side of coconut chutney.

All of these

Overall, the people of Tamil Nadu enjoy a wide variety of foods, including idli, dosa, and upma. These dishes are not only delicious but also reflect the rich culinary heritage of the region. Whether it's for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, these dishes are a staple in Tamil Nadu households.

Explanation:

Goods and services are two types of products that are produced by an economy. In this question, the people in the village are providing services such as blacksmiths, nurses, teachers, washermen, etc. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, services.

Goods refer to physical products that can be seen, touched, and stored. They can be classified as consumer goods and producer goods. On the other hand, services are intangible products that cannot be seen or touched. They are provided by people and organizations to satisfy the needs and wants of consumers.

In the given context, the people in the village are providing various services to the other members of the community. These services may include:

- Blacksmiths: They provide services related to metalworking, such as making and repairing tools, weapons, and other metal objects.
- Nurses: They provide healthcare services such as medical treatment, nursing care, and health education.
- Teachers: They provide educational services such as teaching, mentoring, and guiding students.
- Washer men: They provide laundry services such as washing, ironing, and folding clothes.

In conclusion, the people in the village are providing services such as blacksmiths, nurses, teachers, washermen, etc. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, services.

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Suicide everyday we used to read that in India many farmers committed suicide because condition of farmers are very poor in India no one helps them every politicians used them only in election and when there crops are failed there is flood drought or when they couldn't pay there loan there is no way for them.

Introduction: Thulasi was an agricultural laborer.

Explanation:
Thulasi was an individual who worked as an agricultural laborer. Agricultural laborers are individuals who work on farms, cultivating crops, and performing various tasks related to farming. They are an essential part of the agricultural sector and play a crucial role in the production of food and other agricultural products.

Role of Agricultural Laborers:
Agricultural laborers perform a wide range of tasks depending on the season and the type of crop being cultivated. Some of the key responsibilities of agricultural laborers include:

1. Cultivating the land: They prepare the land for planting by plowing, tilling, and leveling the soil. This helps in creating a favorable environment for the growth of crops.

2. Sowing and planting: Agricultural laborers are involved in sowing seeds and planting seedlings in the fields. They ensure that the seeds are planted at the right depth and spacing to promote optimal growth.

3. Harvesting: They assist in harvesting crops when they are ready for harvest. This involves cutting or picking the crops and gathering them for further processing.

4. Weeding and pest control: Agricultural laborers help in removing weeds from the fields to prevent them from competing with the crops for nutrients and sunlight. They also participate in pest control activities to protect the crops from pests and diseases.

5. Field maintenance: They are responsible for maintaining the fields by irrigating the crops, applying fertilizers or pesticides, and ensuring proper drainage.

6. Transportation and storage: In some cases, agricultural laborers are also involved in transporting harvested crops to storage facilities or markets.

Conclusion:
Thulasi, being an agricultural laborer, would have contributed to the agricultural sector by performing various tasks related to farming. Their hard work and dedication are crucial for ensuring a successful harvest and sustaining the agricultural economy.

It's belonging In Nagaland

Possible answer:

When there is no work in the farm, farmers can explore various options depending on their skills, resources, and preferences. One common option is to work somewhere else, either in a nearby town or city or in another rural area. This option allows farmers to earn additional income, learn new skills, and expand their social networks. Some examples of jobs that farmers can do include:

- Construction worker: Farmers who have experience in building or repairing structures can find work as construction workers, either for private clients or for government projects. This job requires physical strength, attention to safety, and teamwork skills.
- Truck driver: Farmers who have a driving license and a good record can become truck drivers, transporting goods from one place to another. This job requires long hours of driving, good navigation skills, and patience in dealing with traffic and weather conditions.
- Salesperson: Farmers who have products to sell, such as crops, livestock, or handicrafts, can become salespersons, either by setting up their own shops or by joining existing markets. This job requires communication skills, marketing knowledge, and customer service skills.
- Teacher: Farmers who have a passion for education and a desire to share their knowledge with others can become teachers, either in formal schools or in community centers. This job requires teaching skills, subject expertise, and patience with students of different ages and backgrounds.

Other options for farmers include:

- Starting a small business: Farmers who have an entrepreneurial spirit and a good idea can start a small business, such as a food stall, a repair shop, or a service agency. This option requires some initial investment, market research, and risk-taking.
- Volunteering: Farmers who want to give back to their community or to a cause they support can volunteer their time and skills, either locally or globally. This option allows farmers to connect with like-minded people, learn about other cultures, and make a positive impact.
- Resting and reflecting: Farmers who feel exhausted or stressed can take some time off to rest and reflect, either at home or in a peaceful place. This option allows farmers to recharge their batteries, reconnect with their families, and gain perspective on their lives and goals.

In conclusion, when there is no work in the farm, farmers have many options to choose from, depending on their needs and aspirations. By exploring these options, farmers can enhance their livelihoods, broaden their horizons, and contribute to their communities.

Explanation:

Ramalingam sells the rice produce to traders in nearby towns for the following reasons:
- Market Reach: Selling to traders in nearby towns allows Ramalingam to reach a larger market beyond just his immediate vicinity. This can help him sell larger quantities of rice and potentially earn more profit.
- Higher Prices: Traders in towns may be willing to pay higher prices for the rice compared to local villagers or government agencies. This can help Ramalingam maximize his profits from the rice produced in his mills.
- Demand: Traders in nearby towns may have a higher demand for rice due to larger populations and commercial establishments. This can ensure a steady flow of sales for Ramalingam's rice produce.
- Networking: Building relationships with traders can also help Ramalingam establish long-term partnerships and secure future sales. Traders may also provide valuable feedback on market trends and preferences.
- Efficiency: Selling to traders can streamline the distribution process as they have the necessary resources and networks to transport the rice to various locations. This can save time and effort for Ramalingam.
In conclusion, selling the rice produce to traders in nearby towns is a strategic decision that can help Ramalingam maximize his profits, reach a wider market, and establish valuable business relationships.