All questions of Sources of Laws for Humanities/Arts Exam

Explanation:

District Court:
- District Courts in India are bound by the decisions of the higher courts, such as High Courts and the Supreme Court.

High Court:
- High Courts are bound by the decisions of the Supreme Court, which is the highest judicial authority in India.
- High Courts also have the power to review their own decisions.

Supreme Court:
- The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country and its decisions are binding on all other courts.
- All other courts, including District Courts and High Courts, are obligated to follow the judgments of the Supreme Court.

Conclusion:
- In India, all courts, including District Courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court, are bound to follow the previously decided judgments of the superior courts. This ensures consistency and uniformity in the application of law across the country.

Customs without Sanction

Customs without sanction refer to the unwritten rules and practices followed by a particular community without any legal backing. These customs are not enforced by the courts and are not legally binding.

True statement

The true statement about customs without sanction is that they are non-obligatory in nature. This means that individuals are not legally bound to follow them and may choose to deviate from them without any legal consequences.

Explanation

Customs without sanction are a part of customary law, which is the traditional way of regulating behavior in a community. These customs are based on the long-standing practices and beliefs of the community and are passed down from one generation to another.

Unlike laws that are passed by the government and enforced by the courts, customs without sanction are not backed by any legal authority. They are followed by individuals voluntarily and are not obligatory in nature.

While customs without sanction may not have legal backing, they are still an important aspect of society. They help to define the culture and identity of a community and provide a sense of continuity and stability. They also serve as a means of resolving disputes and maintaining social order.

Conclusion

In conclusion, customs without sanction are non-obligatory rules and practices followed by a community without any legal backing. They are an important aspect of customary law and help to define the culture and identity of a community. While individuals are not legally bound to follow them, they are still an integral part of society and play an important role in maintaining social order.

Autonomous Law:
Autonomous law refers to laws that are created and enforced by independent bodies or entities that are not part of the traditional legislative, executive, or judicial branches of government. These laws are often specific to a particular field or sector and are designed to regulate and govern the activities within that domain. One example of autonomous law is laws made by universities.

Laws Made by Universities:
Universities have the authority to establish their own rules and regulations, which are referred to as autonomous laws. These laws govern various aspects of university life, including academic policies, student conduct, campus safety, and administrative procedures. They are created by the university's governing bodies, such as the board of trustees or the academic senate, and are enforced by the university administration.

Importance of Autonomous Laws in Universities:
1. Autonomy: Universities have the autonomy to develop and implement their own policies and regulations that are tailored to their specific needs and objectives.
2. Academic Integrity: Autonomous laws help maintain academic integrity by establishing guidelines for plagiarism, cheating, and other forms of academic misconduct.
3. Student Conduct: These laws define behavioral expectations for students and outline disciplinary processes for violations of the code of conduct.
4. Intellectual Property: Universities have autonomous laws that protect intellectual property rights of faculty, researchers, and students.
5. Admissions and Graduation Requirements: Autonomous laws set criteria for admission into various programs and establish requirements for graduation.
6. Campus Safety: Laws related to campus safety and security, including protocols for emergencies and crime prevention, are also part of autonomous laws.

Distinguishing Autonomous Laws from Other Forms of Law:
While laws made by the executive, local bodies, and judiciary are important in their respective domains, they are not necessarily autonomous laws. These laws are created and enforced by government bodies and are part of the legislative or judicial processes. Autonomous laws, on the other hand, are specific to the entity or sector they govern and are independent of the traditional branches of government.

Conclusion:
Laws made by universities are an example of autonomous law. These laws are created and enforced by universities themselves, governing various aspects of academic and campus life. They provide universities with the flexibility and autonomy to establish rules and regulations that are tailored to their specific needs and objectives.