All questions of July for NEET Exam

Ethylene primarily functions to delay senescence in fruits, helping to extend their shelf life. It can also have various other effects on plant growth and development, depending on the context.

When the volume of a gaseous mixture at equilibrium is reduced, the equilibrium shifts towards the side with fewer gaseous molecules. This often means a shift towards the products.

Additional Fact: Changes in volume can affect the equilibrium position in gaseous reactions.

Auxins have various functions, one of which is to facilitate flowering in plants. They also play roles in root initiation in stem cuttings, preventing the early dropping of leaves and fruits, and regulating xylem differentiation and cell division. Additionally, auxins are used as herbicides and in fruit production without preceding fertilization.

Understanding Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium
Liquid-vapour equilibrium is a dynamic state where the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation. However, over time, the rate of condensation can change due to various factors.
Factors Affecting Rate of Condensation
- Temperature Influence: As the temperature of the system changes, the energy of the molecules also fluctuates. Higher temperatures increase molecular motion, leading to more evaporation and a decreased rate of condensation.
- Pressure Changes: An increase in pressure can raise the condensation rate, while a decrease often lowers it. This relationship is crucial in closed systems.
- Concentration of Vapour: In a closed environment, the concentration of vapour affects the rate of condensation. As more vapour accumulates, the likelihood of vapour molecules returning to the liquid phase increases, initially raising the condensation rate. However, as the system reaches equilibrium, the rate stabilizes.
Why the Rate of Condensation Decreases
- Equilibrium Achieved: Initially, when a liquid is heated, the rate of evaporation is high. However, as vapour accumulates, the rate of condensation increases until equilibrium is reached. Beyond this point, if conditions remain unchanged, condensation will not increase indefinitely.
- Saturation Point: Once the air above the liquid reaches its saturation point, the rate of condensation can decrease. The vapour cannot condense further if the air is already saturated with moisture.
Conclusion
In summary, the rate of condensation in liquid-vapour equilibrium generally decreases over time after reaching stability. This is due to the balance established between the rates of evaporation and condensation, as well as external factors like temperature and pressure.

The unit of standard Gibbs free energy of formation is kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Redifferentiation:
Redifferentiation is the process in which differentiated cells return to their original specialized form. This process involves the reversal of dedifferentiation, where specialized cells lose their specific characteristics and revert to a less specialized state. Redifferentiation allows cells to regain their original function and structure.

Importance of Redifferentiation:
- Redifferentiation is crucial for the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs in multicellular organisms.
- It plays a significant role in development, growth, and wound healing processes.
- Redifferentiation helps in maintaining homeostasis and proper functioning of the body.

Mechanism of Redifferentiation:
- Redifferentiation involves the reexpression of specific genes and proteins that are required for the specialized function of the cell.
- It also includes the reorganization of cellular structures and organelles to regain the original cell morphology.
- Redifferentiation can be induced by various factors such as growth factors, hormones, and environmental cues.

Applications of Redifferentiation:
- Redifferentiation has potential applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and disease treatment.
- It can be utilized to restore the function of damaged or diseased tissues by promoting the redifferentiation of cells.
- Understanding the mechanisms of redifferentiation can lead to the development of novel therapies for various medical conditions.
In conclusion, redifferentiation is a crucial biological process that allows differentiated cells to return to their original specialized form, enabling tissue regeneration and repair in multicellular organisms.

Understanding ΔG° and Equilibrium Constant (K)
The Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) provides insight into the spontaneity of a reaction and its relation to the equilibrium constant (K).
1. Negative ΔG° Value
- A negative value of ΔG° indicates that the reaction can proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.
- This means that the products are favored over the reactants at equilibrium.
2. Relation to Equilibrium Constant (K)
- The equilibrium constant (K) is a measure of the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium.
- When ΔG° is negative, the equilibrium constant (K) is greater than 1 (K > 1).
3. Implications of K > 1
- A K value greater than 1 signifies that at equilibrium, the concentration of the products is significantly higher than that of the reactants.
- This aligns with the idea that the reaction favors the formation of products, indicating a spontaneous process.
Conclusion
- Thus, a negative ΔG° clearly indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and that the equilibrium constant (K) is much greater than 1.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D': The reaction is spontaneous with K >> 1.
Understanding these concepts is crucial for interpreting chemical reactions in the context of thermodynamics and equilibrium in NEET examinations.

One application of the conservation of linear momentum mentioned in the text is rocket launches. Rockets propel upwards by expelling exhaust gases downwards, conserving linear momentum and allowing them to reach higher altitudes.

The equilibrium constant (K) can have varying values at different temperatures for the same reversible reaction. It increases with increasing temperature.

Ethylene promotes the sprouting of potato tubers. It plays a role in breaking the dormancy of buds and tubers, allowing them to grow into new shoots and plants.

Understanding Linear Momentum
Linear momentum, often represented by the symbol 'p', is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the quantity of motion of an object. The correct formula for linear momentum is:
p = mv
Where:
- p = Linear momentum
- m = Mass of the object
- v = Velocity of the object
Why is p = mv the Correct Formula?
- Definition of Momentum: Linear momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. This relationship shows that an object with a greater mass or higher velocity will have more momentum.
- Units: The units of momentum are derived from the mass (measured in kilograms) and velocity (measured in meters per second), resulting in the unit of momentum being kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s).
- Conservation of Momentum: This formula is central to the principle of conservation of momentum, which states that in a closed system, the total momentum remains constant if no external forces act on it.
Why Other Options are Incorrect
- p = Fext: This does not represent momentum. Instead, force (F) is related to momentum through the impulse-momentum theorem.
- p = mad: This is not a standard expression for momentum. It mixes acceleration with mass, but does not define momentum correctly.
- p = MV: This is misleading; while it resembles the correct formula, it lacks the necessary context of mass and velocity as discrete variables.
Conclusion
In summary, the correct formula for linear momentum is indeed p = mv. It encapsulates the essence of motion and mass, making it a key concept in understanding dynamics in physics.

Understanding Le-Chatelier's Principle
Le-Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the system shifts to counteract the change and restore a new equilibrium.
Exothermic Reactions
In an exothermic reaction, heat is released as a product. The general form can be represented as:
Reactants ⇌ Products + Heat
Effect of Temperature Increase
When the temperature of an exothermic reaction is increased, the following occurs:
- Shift in Equilibrium: The system will attempt to absorb the added heat.
- Direction of Shift: To counteract the increase in temperature, the equilibrium will shift towards the reactants. This is because the reactants absorb heat to form products, effectively reducing the temperature.
Consequences of the Shift
- Equilibrium Constant: As the equilibrium shifts towards the reactants, the concentration of products decreases while that of reactants increases, which can also affect the equilibrium constant in the context of temperature.
- Practical Implications: In industrial reactions, this principle helps in optimizing conditions for maximum product yield.
Conclusion
Thus, in an exothermic reaction, increasing the temperature results in a shift of the equilibrium towards the reactants, making option 'C' the correct answer. Understanding these shifts is crucial for controlling chemical processes in various fields, especially in reaction engineering and thermodynamics.

The Center of Mass of a body can lie outside the body itself. This occurs when the mass distribution within the body is not uniform, and the Center of Mass is not located at its geometric center.

Solid-Vapour Equilibrium involves the transformation of a solid into vapor, as seen in examples like solid iodine subliming to give iodine vapor.