All questions of Section - 3: Current Affairs for Class 3 Exam

Explanation:

The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in India. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavor. The award was instituted in 1954 and is conferred by the President of India.

In 2019, one personality was awarded the Bharat Ratna. That personality is Nanaji Deshmukh.

Nanaji Deshmukh:
- Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh, popularly known as Nanaji Deshmukh, was born on October 11, 1916, in Maharashtra, India.
- He was a social activist, politician, and leader of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
- Nanaji Deshmukh played a key role in the implementation of various rural development schemes in India.
- He worked towards rural development, education, and empowerment of women.
- Deshmukh was also instrumental in the establishment of the Deendayal Research Institute, a center for applied research in rural development.
- He was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, from 1999 to 2005.
- Nanaji Deshmukh passed away on February 27, 2010.

Other Personalities:
- Sachin Tendulkar, the legendary cricketer, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2014. He is considered one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.
- Lata Mangeshkar, the renowned playback singer, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2001. She is known for her melodious voice and has sung thousands of songs in various languages.
- Amitabh Bachchan, the iconic actor, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2019. He is one of the most influential and successful actors in the Indian film industry.

Hence, the correct answer is option 'A' - Nanaji Deshmukh.

The Ministry of Railways is headed by Piyush Goyal.

Explanation:
The Ministry of Railways is a government department in India responsible for the development and operation of the country's railway network. It is headed by a Minister of Railways who is a member of the Cabinet of India.

Piyush Goyal is the current Minister of Railways in India. He took charge of the ministry in September 2017. Goyal is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been actively involved in various roles within the government. Prior to his appointment as the Minister of Railways, he served as the Minister of State with Independent Charge for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy in the Government of India.

Under Goyal's leadership, the Ministry of Railways has been focused on implementing various reforms and modernizing the Indian railway system. Some of the key initiatives taken by the ministry under his guidance include:

1. Infrastructure Development: The ministry has been working on the expansion and modernization of railway infrastructure across the country. This includes the construction of new railway lines, doubling and electrification of existing lines, and improvement of stations and other facilities.

2. Safety and Security: Ensuring the safety and security of passengers is a top priority for the Ministry of Railways. Various measures have been taken to enhance safety, including the introduction of advanced signaling systems, the use of modern technology for track maintenance, and the implementation of stricter safety protocols.

3. High-Speed Rail: The ministry has been actively involved in the development of high-speed rail corridors in India. The ambitious Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project, also known as the Bullet Train project, is one of the key initiatives in this regard.

4. Digital Initiatives: The Ministry of Railways has been leveraging technology to improve the efficiency and convenience of railway services. Initiatives such as online ticket booking, e-catering services, and the use of digital platforms for information dissemination have been introduced to enhance the passenger experience.

In conclusion, Piyush Goyal is heading the Ministry of Railways in India and has been instrumental in driving various reforms and modernization initiatives in the railway sector.

Mountaineer Anita Kundu awarded Tenzing Norgay National Award
Anita Kundu, a renowned mountaineer, was awarded the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award. This prestigious award is given to individuals who have shown exemplary courage and achievements in the field of adventure sports, including mountaineering.

Significance of Tenzing Norgay National Award
The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award holds high significance in India as it recognizes the outstanding contributions and accomplishments of individuals in various adventure sports. It is named after Tenzing Norgay, the legendary Sherpa mountaineer who, along with Sir Edmund Hillary, was the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Anita Kundu's Achievements
Anita Kundu has made significant contributions to the world of mountaineering. She became the first Indian woman to successfully climb the highest peaks in each of the seven continents. Her achievements have not only brought glory to the country but have also inspired many aspiring mountaineers, especially women, to pursue their dreams fearlessly.

Recognition and Inspiration
Receiving the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award is a testament to Anita Kundu's dedication, hard work, and passion for mountaineering. Her story serves as an inspiration to many, showcasing that with determination and perseverance, one can overcome all challenges and reach the pinnacle of success in their chosen field.
In conclusion, Anita Kundu's recognition through the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award highlights her remarkable achievements in the field of mountaineering and serves as a beacon of inspiration for adventure enthusiasts across the country.

Reason for UAE Resigning from WHO
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) recently announced its decision to resign from the membership of the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Concerns over COVID-19 Response
One of the primary reasons cited for this decision was the UAE's dissatisfaction with the WHO's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. The UAE expressed concerns over the transparency and effectiveness of the WHO's response to the global health crisis.

Desire for Reform
Another key factor leading to the UAE's resignation was its desire for reform within the WHO. The UAE believed that the organization needed to undergo significant changes in order to better address current and future health challenges.

Focus on National Health Initiatives
Additionally, the UAE stated that it would be focusing more on its national health initiatives and strategies outside of the WHO framework. The country aims to strengthen its own healthcare system and response capabilities independently.

Impact on Global Health Cooperation
The UAE's decision to resign from the WHO has raised concerns about the potential impact on global health cooperation and collaboration. It remains to be seen how this move will affect the UAE's participation in international health initiatives and partnerships.
In conclusion, the UAE's resignation from the World Health Organisation reflects its concerns over the organization's COVID-19 response, desire for reform, and focus on national health initiatives. This decision highlights the complexities and challenges faced in global health governance and cooperation.

Martyr's Day Celebration
Martyr's Day is celebrated on January 30 every year to honor the sacrifice of those who laid down their lives for the country's freedom.

Mahatma Gandhi's Death Anniversary
Martyr's Day is observed on the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, who was assassinated on January 30, 1948. He was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and his principles of nonviolence and civil disobedience inspired many others to fight for freedom.

National Holiday
In India, Martyr's Day is a national holiday, and various events and ceremonies are held across the country to pay tribute to the martyrs. Schools and colleges organize special programs to educate students about the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters.

Remembering the Heroes
On Martyr's Day, people pay their respects to the brave souls who fought for the nation's independence. It is a day to reflect on the struggles and hardships faced by those who dedicated their lives to the cause of freedom.

Importance of Martyr's Day
Martyr's Day serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless individuals in the fight against oppression and injustice. It instills a sense of patriotism and gratitude towards those who gave up their lives for a better future.

Conclusion
Martyr's Day is a solemn occasion to remember and honor the heroes who fought for the country's freedom. It is a day to reflect on the values of courage, sacrifice, and dedication that continue to inspire generations of Indians.

Unlock 2.0 started on July 1 in India

Unlock 2.0 in India began on July 1, as the government announced a phased reopening of various activities and sectors after the initial lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This decision was taken after a thorough assessment of the situation and considering the need to revive the economy while ensuring the safety and well-being of the citizens.

Phased Reopening

The government implemented a phased reopening strategy to gradually lift the restrictions imposed during the lockdown. Unlock 2.0 was the second phase of this process, following the initial Unlock 1.0 that started on June 1.

Key Guidelines and Relaxations

During Unlock 2.0, several activities and sectors were allowed to resume with certain guidelines and precautions to prevent the spread of the virus. Some of the key relaxations and guidelines during this phase included:

1. Domestic Flights: Domestic air travel was permitted in a calibrated manner, with airports and airlines implementing various safety measures such as mandatory wearing of masks, thermal screening, and maintaining social distancing.

2. Railways: Limited train services were resumed, primarily to facilitate the movement of stranded individuals and essential goods. Passengers were required to follow safety protocols, including wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.

3. Educational Institutions: Schools, colleges, and other educational institutions remained closed during Unlock 2.0. However, online classes and e-learning initiatives were encouraged to ensure continued learning for students.

4. Hotels and Restaurants: Hotels, restaurants, and other hospitality services were allowed to operate with certain restrictions. They were required to follow strict hygiene and safety measures, including regular sanitization, temperature checks, and limited occupancy.

5. Shopping Malls: Shopping malls were permitted to open, subject to adherence to safety protocols and guidelines. This included mandatory mask-wearing, social distancing, and temperature checks at entry points.

6. Inter-State Travel: Restrictions on inter-state travel were gradually eased, allowing movement between states with certain guidelines and requirements such as obtaining e-passes or following quarantine protocols.

Conclusion

Unlock 2.0 in India started on July 1, marking the second phase of the government's phased reopening strategy. It aimed to revive economic activities while ensuring the safety and well-being of the citizens. Various sectors and activities were allowed to resume with specific guidelines and precautions in place to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Scientist of the Year Award by DRDO

The Scientist of the Year Award is a prestigious award presented by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to recognize outstanding scientific contributions of its employees. The award is given every year to a scientist or engineer who has made significant contributions to the development of defence technologies in India.

Recipient of the Award

The Scientist of the Year Award for the year 2021 has been awarded to Hemant Kumar Pandey, a scientist at the Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, for his significant contributions in the field of combat casualty reduction. Pandey has been instrumental in developing various technologies and products to improve the survivability of combat casualties.

Contributions of Hemant Kumar Pandey

Hemant Kumar Pandey has been working in the field of physiology for over two decades and has made significant contributions in the areas of hypoxia, altitude physiology, and thermal stress. His research has led to the development of several life-saving technologies and products.

Pandey has developed a unique technology for the detection of hypoxia, a medical condition caused by the deficiency of oxygen in the body. He has also developed several products for the detection and treatment of hypothermia, a condition caused by exposure to extreme cold.

Pandey has also worked on the development of a portable oxygen generation system that can be used to provide oxygen to soldiers in the field. This technology has proved to be very useful in remote and high-altitude areas where oxygen is scarce.

Conclusion

Hemant Kumar Pandey's contributions to the field of combat casualty reduction have been significant, and his work has resulted in the development of several life-saving technologies and products. The Scientist of the Year Award is a recognition of his hard work, dedication, and scientific contributions to the defence sector.

Current National Security Advisor of India: Ajit Kumar Doval

Ajit Kumar Doval is the current National Security Advisor (NSA) of India. He has been serving in this position since May 30, 2014. Ajit Doval is a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the 1968 batch of the Kerala cadre.

Background and Career:
- Ajit Doval has a distinguished career in the field of national security and intelligence. He has served in various capacities in the Intelligence Bureau (IB) and has been involved in numerous high-profile operations.
- He has handled several important assignments throughout his career, including the Mizoram insurgency, Punjab militancy, and the Kashmir insurgency.
- Doval played a crucial role in the successful rescue of passengers during the IC-814 hijacking in 1999.
- He has also served as the Director of the Intelligence Bureau from 2004 to 2005.
- Ajit Doval is known for his expertise in counter-terrorism and strategic planning. He has been actively involved in formulating India's security policies and strategies.

Responsibilities as National Security Advisor:
- As the National Security Advisor, Ajit Doval is responsible for advising the Prime Minister on matters related to national security.
- He plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing India's foreign policy, defense strategy, and counter-terrorism measures.
- Doval coordinates and interacts with various intelligence agencies, defense establishments, and other relevant authorities to ensure the country's security and well-being.
- He is actively involved in monitoring and addressing internal security challenges and external threats.

Key Contributions and Achievements:
- Ajit Doval has been instrumental in shaping India's policy towards terrorism and national security.
- Under his leadership, India has taken a firm stance against cross-border terrorism and has conducted several successful operations against militant groups.
- He has played a key role in strengthening India's ties with other countries in the region and globally to address common security concerns.
- Doval's efforts have significantly enhanced India's capabilities in intelligence gathering, counter-terrorism operations, and defense preparedness.

In conclusion, Ajit Kumar Doval is the current National Security Advisor of India. With his vast experience and expertise in national security and intelligence, he plays a crucial role in advising the government on matters related to security, defense, and counter-terrorism.

Impact of Cyclone Nivar on Puducherry
Cyclone Nivar was a significant weather event that struck Puducherry, causing considerable impact in the region. Here are the key details regarding this cyclone:
Background of Cyclone Nivar
- Cyclone Nivar developed in the Bay of Bengal in November 2020.
- It was classified as a severe cyclonic storm and was known for its heavy rainfall and strong winds.
Effects on Puducherry
- Heavy Rainfall: Puducherry experienced intense rainfall, leading to waterlogging in various areas.
- Strong Winds: Winds recorded were over 100 km/h, resulting in damage to trees and infrastructure.
- Disruption of Services: The cyclone caused power outages and disrupted communication services.
Government Response
- Local authorities took measures to evacuate residents from vulnerable areas.
- Relief teams were deployed to assist those affected by the storm.
Comparison with Other Cyclones
- Cyclones like Burevi and Amphan affected other regions but did not have the same impact on Puducherry as Nivar.
- Cyclone BOB 02 was less prominent in the media compared to Nivar, which received widespread attention due to its severity.
Conclusion
Cyclone Nivar's impact on Puducherry highlighted the region's vulnerability to cyclonic storms. The response measures taken were crucial in minimizing damage and ensuring the safety of residents. Understanding such events is essential for better preparedness in the future.

Introduction:
The Serum Institute of India is currently developing the Covishield vaccine.

Explanation:
- The Covishield vaccine is being developed by the Serum Institute of India.
- It is a vaccine against COVID-19.
- The Serum Institute of India is the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by volume, and it has partnered with AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford to produce the Covishield vaccine.
- The vaccine is based on a viral vector platform, which uses a harmless adenovirus to deliver a modified version of the spike protein found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
- The spike protein is responsible for the virus's entry into human cells, and by targeting it, the vaccine triggers an immune response without causing the disease.
- The Covishield vaccine has undergone various stages of clinical trials to evaluate its safety and effectiveness.
- The vaccine has been granted emergency use authorization in several countries, including India, where it is being widely used in the national vaccination campaign.
- The Covishield vaccine has shown promising results in preventing COVID-19 and reducing the severity of the disease.
- It requires two doses to achieve optimal protection, with an interval of 4 to 12 weeks between doses.
- The vaccine has been proven to be effective against multiple variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants.
- The Covishield vaccine has played a crucial role in the global vaccination efforts, as the Serum Institute of India has been supplying it to many countries around the world.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Serum Institute of India is developing the Covishield vaccine, which has shown effectiveness against COVID-19 and has been widely used in the vaccination campaigns in India and other countries.