All questions of Section - 3: Current Affairs for Class 3 Exam

Explanation:

The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in India. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavor. The award was instituted in 1954 and is conferred by the President of India.

In 2019, one personality was awarded the Bharat Ratna. That personality is Nanaji Deshmukh.

Nanaji Deshmukh:
- Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh, popularly known as Nanaji Deshmukh, was born on October 11, 1916, in Maharashtra, India.
- He was a social activist, politician, and leader of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
- Nanaji Deshmukh played a key role in the implementation of various rural development schemes in India.
- He worked towards rural development, education, and empowerment of women.
- Deshmukh was also instrumental in the establishment of the Deendayal Research Institute, a center for applied research in rural development.
- He was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, from 1999 to 2005.
- Nanaji Deshmukh passed away on February 27, 2010.

Other Personalities:
- Sachin Tendulkar, the legendary cricketer, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2014. He is considered one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.
- Lata Mangeshkar, the renowned playback singer, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2001. She is known for her melodious voice and has sung thousands of songs in various languages.
- Amitabh Bachchan, the iconic actor, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2019. He is one of the most influential and successful actors in the Indian film industry.

Hence, the correct answer is option 'A' - Nanaji Deshmukh.

Correct option is B. 

Introduction to Covaxin
Covaxin is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech, a biotechnology company based in Hyderabad, India. It is one of the first vaccines to receive emergency use authorization in the country.
Key Features of Covaxin

• Inactivated Virus Technology: Covaxin uses an inactivated form of the virus, which means it contains killed virus particles that cannot cause disease.
• Clinical Trials: The vaccine underwent extensive clinical trials to ensure its safety and efficacy, involving thousands of volunteers across different age groups.
• Approval and Use: Covaxin received approval from regulatory authorities in India, allowing it to be used in the vaccination drive against COVID-19.

Importance of Covaxin

• Local Development: Being developed in Hyderabad, Covaxin showcases India's capabilities in vaccine research and development.
• Public Health Impact: It plays a crucial role in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and protecting public health.
• Global Recognition: Covaxin has also gained international attention and approval in various countries, contributing to global vaccination efforts.

Conclusion
Covaxin represents a significant advancement in the fight against COVID-19, contributing to the health and safety of millions of people. Its development in Hyderabad is a point of pride for India and its scientific community.

Reason for UAE Resigning from WHO
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) recently announced its decision to resign from the membership of the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Concerns over COVID-19 Response
One of the primary reasons cited for this decision was the UAE's dissatisfaction with the WHO's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. The UAE expressed concerns over the transparency and effectiveness of the WHO's response to the global health crisis.

Desire for Reform
Another key factor leading to the UAE's resignation was its desire for reform within the WHO. The UAE believed that the organization needed to undergo significant changes in order to better address current and future health challenges.

Focus on National Health Initiatives
Additionally, the UAE stated that it would be focusing more on its national health initiatives and strategies outside of the WHO framework. The country aims to strengthen its own healthcare system and response capabilities independently.

Impact on Global Health Cooperation
The UAE's decision to resign from the WHO has raised concerns about the potential impact on global health cooperation and collaboration. It remains to be seen how this move will affect the UAE's participation in international health initiatives and partnerships.
In conclusion, the UAE's resignation from the World Health Organisation reflects its concerns over the organization's COVID-19 response, desire for reform, and focus on national health initiatives. This decision highlights the complexities and challenges faced in global health governance and cooperation.

Mountaineer Anita Kundu awarded Tenzing Norgay National Award
Anita Kundu, a renowned mountaineer, was awarded the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award. This prestigious award is given to individuals who have shown exemplary courage and achievements in the field of adventure sports, including mountaineering.

Significance of Tenzing Norgay National Award
The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award holds high significance in India as it recognizes the outstanding contributions and accomplishments of individuals in various adventure sports. It is named after Tenzing Norgay, the legendary Sherpa mountaineer who, along with Sir Edmund Hillary, was the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Anita Kundu's Achievements
Anita Kundu has made significant contributions to the world of mountaineering. She became the first Indian woman to successfully climb the highest peaks in each of the seven continents. Her achievements have not only brought glory to the country but have also inspired many aspiring mountaineers, especially women, to pursue their dreams fearlessly.

Recognition and Inspiration
Receiving the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award is a testament to Anita Kundu's dedication, hard work, and passion for mountaineering. Her story serves as an inspiration to many, showcasing that with determination and perseverance, one can overcome all challenges and reach the pinnacle of success in their chosen field.
In conclusion, Anita Kundu's recognition through the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award highlights her remarkable achievements in the field of mountaineering and serves as a beacon of inspiration for adventure enthusiasts across the country.

Martyr's Day Celebration
Martyr's Day is celebrated on January 30 every year to honor the sacrifice of those who laid down their lives for the country's freedom.

Mahatma Gandhi's Death Anniversary
Martyr's Day is observed on the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, who was assassinated on January 30, 1948. He was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and his principles of nonviolence and civil disobedience inspired many others to fight for freedom.

National Holiday
In India, Martyr's Day is a national holiday, and various events and ceremonies are held across the country to pay tribute to the martyrs. Schools and colleges organize special programs to educate students about the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters.

Remembering the Heroes
On Martyr's Day, people pay their respects to the brave souls who fought for the nation's independence. It is a day to reflect on the struggles and hardships faced by those who dedicated their lives to the cause of freedom.

Importance of Martyr's Day
Martyr's Day serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless individuals in the fight against oppression and injustice. It instills a sense of patriotism and gratitude towards those who gave up their lives for a better future.

Conclusion
Martyr's Day is a solemn occasion to remember and honor the heroes who fought for the country's freedom. It is a day to reflect on the values of courage, sacrifice, and dedication that continue to inspire generations of Indians.

Current National Security Advisor of India: Ajit Kumar Doval

Ajit Kumar Doval is the current National Security Advisor (NSA) of India. He has been serving in this position since May 30, 2014. Ajit Doval is a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the 1968 batch of the Kerala cadre.

Background and Career:
- Ajit Doval has a distinguished career in the field of national security and intelligence. He has served in various capacities in the Intelligence Bureau (IB) and has been involved in numerous high-profile operations.
- He has handled several important assignments throughout his career, including the Mizoram insurgency, Punjab militancy, and the Kashmir insurgency.
- Doval played a crucial role in the successful rescue of passengers during the IC-814 hijacking in 1999.
- He has also served as the Director of the Intelligence Bureau from 2004 to 2005.
- Ajit Doval is known for his expertise in counter-terrorism and strategic planning. He has been actively involved in formulating India's security policies and strategies.

Responsibilities as National Security Advisor:
- As the National Security Advisor, Ajit Doval is responsible for advising the Prime Minister on matters related to national security.
- He plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing India's foreign policy, defense strategy, and counter-terrorism measures.
- Doval coordinates and interacts with various intelligence agencies, defense establishments, and other relevant authorities to ensure the country's security and well-being.
- He is actively involved in monitoring and addressing internal security challenges and external threats.

Key Contributions and Achievements:
- Ajit Doval has been instrumental in shaping India's policy towards terrorism and national security.
- Under his leadership, India has taken a firm stance against cross-border terrorism and has conducted several successful operations against militant groups.
- He has played a key role in strengthening India's ties with other countries in the region and globally to address common security concerns.
- Doval's efforts have significantly enhanced India's capabilities in intelligence gathering, counter-terrorism operations, and defense preparedness.

In conclusion, Ajit Kumar Doval is the current National Security Advisor of India. With his vast experience and expertise in national security and intelligence, he plays a crucial role in advising the government on matters related to security, defense, and counter-terrorism.

ICC Cricketer of the Year 2020

The ICC Cricketer of the Year award is one of the most prestigious accolades in international cricket. It is presented annually by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to the player who has excelled in all formats of the game over the course of the year. In 2020, the title of ICC Cricketer of the Year was given to Virat Kohli.

Virat Kohli's Achievements in 2020

Virat Kohli, the Indian cricket team captain, had a remarkable year in 2020. He showcased exceptional skills and consistent performance across all formats of the game. Let's look at some of his achievements:

1. Consistent Batting Performance: Kohli's batting prowess was on full display throughout the year. He scored runs consistently in both Test matches and limited-overs cricket. His ability to adapt to different conditions and oppositions made him a standout performer.

2. Impressive Statistics: Kohli's statistics in 2020 were outstanding. He amassed a total of 586 runs in Test matches at an average of 41.85, including two centuries and one half-century. In ODIs, he scored 431 runs at an average of 47.88, including two centuries and two half-centuries. His T20I performances were also commendable, with 466 runs at an average of 42.36.

3. Impactful Captaincy: Kohli's leadership skills were instrumental in guiding the Indian team to success. Under his captaincy, India won several crucial matches and series, showcasing his ability to make tactical decisions and motivate his team.

4. Consistency in Challenging Times: Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Kohli remained focused and maintained his high level of performance. He adapted to the new normal of bio-secure bubbles and played a key role in keeping the team motivated during these testing times.

Conclusion

Considering his exceptional performances, impressive statistics, impactful captaincy, and consistency in challenging times, Virat Kohli was rightfully awarded the title of ICC Cricketer of the Year 2020. His contributions to the game and his team have cemented his place as one of the most accomplished cricketers in the world.

Scientist of the Year Award by DRDO

The Scientist of the Year Award is a prestigious award presented by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to recognize outstanding scientific contributions of its employees. The award is given every year to a scientist or engineer who has made significant contributions to the development of defence technologies in India.

Recipient of the Award

The Scientist of the Year Award for the year 2021 has been awarded to Hemant Kumar Pandey, a scientist at the Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, for his significant contributions in the field of combat casualty reduction. Pandey has been instrumental in developing various technologies and products to improve the survivability of combat casualties.

Contributions of Hemant Kumar Pandey

Hemant Kumar Pandey has been working in the field of physiology for over two decades and has made significant contributions in the areas of hypoxia, altitude physiology, and thermal stress. His research has led to the development of several life-saving technologies and products.

Pandey has developed a unique technology for the detection of hypoxia, a medical condition caused by the deficiency of oxygen in the body. He has also developed several products for the detection and treatment of hypothermia, a condition caused by exposure to extreme cold.

Pandey has also worked on the development of a portable oxygen generation system that can be used to provide oxygen to soldiers in the field. This technology has proved to be very useful in remote and high-altitude areas where oxygen is scarce.

Conclusion

Hemant Kumar Pandey's contributions to the field of combat casualty reduction have been significant, and his work has resulted in the development of several life-saving technologies and products. The Scientist of the Year Award is a recognition of his hard work, dedication, and scientific contributions to the defence sector.

Introduction:
The Serum Institute of India is currently developing the Covishield vaccine.

Explanation:
- The Covishield vaccine is being developed by the Serum Institute of India.
- It is a vaccine against COVID-19.
- The Serum Institute of India is the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by volume, and it has partnered with AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford to produce the Covishield vaccine.
- The vaccine is based on a viral vector platform, which uses a harmless adenovirus to deliver a modified version of the spike protein found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
- The spike protein is responsible for the virus's entry into human cells, and by targeting it, the vaccine triggers an immune response without causing the disease.
- The Covishield vaccine has undergone various stages of clinical trials to evaluate its safety and effectiveness.
- The vaccine has been granted emergency use authorization in several countries, including India, where it is being widely used in the national vaccination campaign.
- The Covishield vaccine has shown promising results in preventing COVID-19 and reducing the severity of the disease.
- It requires two doses to achieve optimal protection, with an interval of 4 to 12 weeks between doses.
- The vaccine has been proven to be effective against multiple variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants.
- The Covishield vaccine has played a crucial role in the global vaccination efforts, as the Serum Institute of India has been supplying it to many countries around the world.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Serum Institute of India is developing the Covishield vaccine, which has shown effectiveness against COVID-19 and has been widely used in the vaccination campaigns in India and other countries.