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All questions of Measures of Central Tendency for Commerce Exam

Value that divides the series into hundred equal parts is called
  • a)
    percentile.
  • b)
    quartiles.
  • c)
    deciles.
  • d)
    octiles.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
Values that divide the series into hundred equal parts are called percentiles. In percentile, we get 99 dividing positions denoted by P1, P2,……..,P99.
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Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?
  • a)
    Mean
  • b)
    Median
  • c)
    Standard deviation
  • d)
    Mode
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Om Desai answered
► Standard deviation is the measure of how spread out the numbers of a data are.
► Mean is the average.
► Median is the middle number, when data is arranged in numerical order.
► Mode is the data item the appears most frequently.
Mean, median and mode are all measures of central tendencies.

The mathematical average is also called
  • a)
    median.
  • b)
    mode.
  • c)
    mean.
  • d)
    quartile.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Tejas Verma answered
► Mean is a mathematical average.
The arithmetic mean or mean is defined as the sum of values of a group of items divided by the number of items. It is denoted by mean.

What is the mean of first 99 natural numbers ?
  • a)
    100
  • b)
    50.5
  • c)
    50
  • d)
    99
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
Suppose there are ‘n’ observations {x1,x2,x3,…,xn}

Sum of the first n natural numbers
Calculation:
To find:  Mean of the first 99 natural numbers
As we know, Sum of first n natural numbers 
Now, Mean

Find the value of ‘n’ if the mean of the set of the numbers 8, 5, n, 10, 15, 21 is given as 11.
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    7
  • c)
    4
  • d)
    6
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
The mean (or average) of a number of observations is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total number of observations. It is denoted by the symbol , read as ‘x bar’.
Calculation:
Given set of number is 8, 5, n, 10, 15, 21.

Arranging of data in the given series is required while computing
  • a)
    mean.
  • b)
    median.
  • c)
    mode.
  • d)
    quartile.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jatin Singh answered
Calculation of median requires arranging of data in ascending or descending order before calculating mean. It can also be located graphically.

Find the value ‘p + q’, if mean of set of numbers 3, 6, 7, 14, p, 34, 26, q, 12 is given as 22.
  • a)
    96
  • b)
    88
  • c)
    76
  • d)
    75
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
The mean (or average) of a number of observations is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total number of observations. It is denoted by the symbol, read as ‘x bar’.
Calculation:
Given data 3, 6, 7, 14, p, 34, 26, q and 12.
Mean 


∴ p + q = 96

If the mode of the following data is 7, then the value of k in the data set 3, 8, 6, 7, 1, 6, 10, 6, 7, 2k + 5, 9, 7, and 13 is:
  • a)
    3
  • b)
    7
  • c)
    4
  • d)
    1
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Amrita Sen answered
Given data set: 3, 8, 6, 7, 1, 6, 10, 6, 7, 2k, 5, 9, 7, and 13

Finding the mode:
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. In this case, the mode is given as 7.

To find the value of k:
We need to determine the value of k in the data set. To do this, we can use the information given and apply it to the concept of mode.

Analysis:
- The mode is 7, which means that 7 appears most frequently in the data set.
- Looking at the given data set, we see that 7 appears three times: 7, 7, and 7.
- We also see that there are two 6s in the data set.
- All other numbers appear only once.

Deducing the value of k:
- Since the mode is 7 and 7 appears three times in the data set, we can conclude that the value of k must be 7 as well to maintain the mode.
- If we substitute 7 for k in the data set, we get: 3, 8, 6, 7, 1, 6, 10, 6, 7, 7, 5, 9, 7, and 13.
- In this revised data set, the mode is still 7, as it appears four times, which is more than any other number.

Therefore, the value of k in the data set is 7.

Explanation of the correct answer:
- Option 'D' is the correct answer, which states that the value of k is 1.
- This answer is incorrect because we have determined that the value of k is 7, not 1.
- It seems there may be a mistake or confusion in the given options, as option 'D' does not match the correct answer based on the analysis and calculations above.

In conclusion, the correct value of k in the data set 3, 8, 6, 7, 1, 6, 10, 6, 7, 2k, 5, 9, 7, and 13 is 7, not 1 as stated in the given options.

Lower limit of first group and upper limit of last group are undefined in
  • a)
    open-end classes.
  • b)
    close-end classes.
  • c)
    inclusive classes.
  • d)
    exclusive classes.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

In case of classes like, below 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, above 50, computation of arithmetic mean would be impossible unless we assume the unknown limits.

Let x be the mean of squares of first n natural numbers and y be the square of mean of first n natural numbers. If x/y = 55/42, then what is the value of n ?
  • a)
    24
  • b)
    25
  • c)
    27
  • d)
    30
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Tejas Desai answered
Given:
Let x be the mean of squares of the first n natural numbers.
Let y be the square of the mean of the first n natural numbers.
It is given that x/y = 55/42.

To Find:
The value of n.

Explanation:
Let's start by finding the values of x and y.

Finding the value of x:
The squares of the first n natural numbers are 1^2, 2^2, 3^2, ..., n^2.
The sum of these squares can be expressed as:
x = 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + ... + n^2

Using the formula for the sum of squares, we can rewrite this as:
x = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6

Finding the value of y:
The mean of the first n natural numbers is the sum of the numbers divided by n.
The sum of the first n natural numbers can be expressed as:
sum = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

Using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series, we can rewrite this as:
sum = n(n + 1)/2

The mean is sum/n, so we can write the mean as:
mean = n(n + 1)/2n = (n + 1)/2

The square of the mean is:
y = (mean)^2 = [(n + 1)/2]^2 = (n + 1)^2/4

Calculating x/y:
Now, we can calculate x/y using the values we found for x and y:
x/y = (n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6) / ((n + 1)^2/4)
Simplifying this expression:
x/y = (4n(n + 1)(2n + 1)) / (6(n + 1)^2)
x/y = (4n(2n + 1)) / (6(n + 1))
x/y = (2n(2n + 1)) / (3(n + 1))

Given that x/y = 55/42, we can set up the equation:
(2n(2n + 1)) / (3(n + 1)) = 55/42

Solving the equation:
Cross multiplying:
42 * 2n(2n + 1) = 55 * 3(n + 1)
84n(2n + 1) = 165(n + 1)
168n^2 + 84n = 165n + 165
168n^2 - 81n - 165 = 0

Factoring the quadratic equation:
(8n - 11)(21n + 15) = 0

Setting each factor to zero and solving for n:
8n - 11 = 0 or 21n + 15 = 0
8n = 11 or 21n = -15
n = 11/8 or n = -15/21

Since n represents the number of natural numbers, it cannot be negative. Therefore, n = 11/8 is not a valid solution.

Conclusion:
The valid solution for n

The mean of six numbers is 47. If one number is excluded, their mean becomes 41. The excluded number is
  • a)
    77
  • b)
    78
  • c)
    60
  • d)
    45
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
Mean = (Sum of observations) / (Total number of observations)
Calculation:
Let the six numbers be a, b, c, d, e, f
So, Mean 
⇒ a + b + c + d + e + f = 282          ....(1)
Let, the excluded number be a, 
So mean of remaining five numbers 
⇒ b + c + d + e + f = 205                ....(2)
∴ a + 205 = 282              (from (1) and (2))
⇒ a = 77
Hence, option (1) is correct.

Find the median of the series of all the even terms from 4 to 296.
  • a)
    120
  • b)
    154
  • c)
    150
  • d)
    160
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
  • Arithmetic progression is a sequence where any two consecutive terms differ by same difference.
  • Median is the middlemost data of set (example: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 here median is 5.)
Important tip:
  • If the given sequence is arithmetic sequence, then median = (first term + last term)/2 = Mean.
     
Calculation:
The sequence is 4, 6, 8, 10 …. 296
Here common difference = 8 – 6 = 6 – 4 = 2     (which is constant)
Given sequence is an AP
∴ Median = (first term + last term)/2 = (4 + 296)/2 = 150.
Hence, option (3) is correct.

The another name of the 'measure of central tendency' is called
  • a)
    average.
  • b)
    collection of data.
  • c)
    summation.
  • d)
    regression.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Ku answered
Measures of central tendency refers to all those methods of statistical analysis which are used to calculate the average of a set of data.

What is the mean of the range, mode and median of the data given below?
5, 10, 3, 6, 4, 8, 9, 3, 15, 2, 9, 4, 19, 11, 4
  • a)
    10
  • b)
    12
  • c)
    8
  • d)
    9
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Given:
The given data is 5, 10, 3, 6, 4, 8, 9, 3, 15, 2, 9, 4, 19, 11, 4
Concept used:
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set
At the time of finding Median
First, arrange the given data in the ascending order and then find the term
Formula used:
Mean = Sum of all the terms/Total number of terms
Median = {(n + 1)/2}th term when n is odd 
Median = 1/2[(n/2)th term + {(n/2) + 1}th] term when n is even
Range = Maximum value – Minimum value 
Calculation:
Arranging the given data in ascending order 
2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19
Here, Most frequent data is 4 so 
Mode = 4
Total terms in the given data, (n) = 15 (It is odd)
Median = {(n + 1)/2}th term when n is odd 
⇒ {(15 + 1)/2}th term 
⇒ (8)th term
⇒ 6 
Now, Range = Maximum value – Minimum value 
⇒ 19 – 2 = 17
Mean of Range, Mode and median = (Range + Mode + Median)/3
⇒ (17 + 4 + 6)/3 
⇒ 27/3 = 9
∴ The mean of the Range, Mode and Median is 9

Find the mean of given data:
  • a)
    39.95
  • b)
    35.70
  • c)
    43.95
  • d)
    23.95
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Formula used:
The mean of grouped data is given by,

Xi = mean of ith class
fi = frequency corresponding to ith class
Given:
Calculation:
Now, to calculate the mean of data will have to find ∑fiXi and ∑fi as below,

Then,
We know that, mean of grouped data is given by

= 1535/43
= 35.7
Hence, the mean of the grouped data is 35.7

Find the median of the data set: 6, 3, 8, 2, 9, 1?
  • a)
    4.5
  • b)
    3
  • c)
    6
  • d)
    5
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
Median
Case 1: If number of observation (n) is even

Case 2: If number of observation (n) is odd
Calculation:
Arrange the observations in the ascending order are
1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9
Here, n = 6 = even.
So, 3rd and 4th observation are 3 and 6

If mean and mode of some data are 4 & 10 respectively, its median will be:
  • a)
    1.5
  • b)
    5.3
  • c)
    16
  • d)
    6
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
Mean: The mean or average of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set.
Mode: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
Median: The median is a numeric value that separates the higher half of a set from the lower half. 
Relation b/w mean, mode and median:
Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean)
Calculation:
Given that,
mean of data = 4 and mode of  data = 10
We know that
Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean)
⇒ 10 = 3(median) - 2(4)
⇒ 3(median) = 18
⇒ median = 6
Hence, the median of data will be 6.

If a variable takes discrete values a + 4, a - 3.5, a - 2.5, a - 3, a - 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a - 0.5 where a > 0, then the median of the data set is
  • a)
    a - 2.5
  • b)
    a - 1.25
  • c)
    a - 1.5
  • d)
    a - o.75
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Given:
The given values =  a + 4, a – 3.5, a – 2.5, a – 3, a – 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a – 0.5
Concept used:
If n is odd
Median = [(n + 1)/2]th observations
If n is even
Median = [(n/2)th + (n/2 + 1)th observations]/2
Calculation:
a + 4, a – 3.5, a – 2.5, a – 3, a – 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a – 0.5
Arrange the data in ascending order
⇒ a – 3.5, a – 3, a – 2.5, a – 2, a – 0.5, a + 0.5, a + 4, a + 5
Here, the n is 8, which is even
Median =  [(n/2)th + (n/2 + 1)th observations]/2
⇒ [(8/2) + (8/2 + 1)/2] term
⇒ 4th + 5th term
⇒ [(a – 2 + a – 0.5)/2]
⇒ [(2a – 2.5)/2]
⇒ a – 1.25
∴ The median of the data set is a – 1.25

Find the median of the given set of numbers 2, 6, 6, 8, 4, 2, 7, 9
  • a)
    6
  • b)
    8
  • c)
    4
  • d)
    5
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Concept:
Median:
The median is the middle number in a sorted- ascending or descending list of numbers.
Case 1: If the number of observations (n) is even

Case 2: If the number of observations (n) is odd
Calculation:
Given values 2, 6, 6, 8, 4, 2, 7, 9
Arrange the observations in ascending order:
2, 2, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9
Here, n = 8 = even
As we know, If n is even then,


Hence Median = 6

The mean of 25 observations is 36. If the mean of the first 13 observations is 32 and that of the last 13 observations is 39 , the 13th observation is: 
  • a)
    22
  • b)
    25
  • c)
    26
  • d)
    23
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohini Desai answered
Given:
The mean of 25 observations is 36
The mean of the first 13 observations is 32 and that of the last 13 observations is 39 
Concept used:
Mean = sum of all observation/total number of observation
Calculation:
The sum of all 25 observation = 25 × 36 = 900
Sum of first 13 observations = 13 × 32 = 416
Sum of last 13 observations = 13 × 39 = 507
∴ 13th term = (416 + 507) - 900 = 923 - 900 = 23

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