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All questions of Psychological Disorders for Humanities/Arts Exam
How many prominent disorders are there?- a)Five
- b)Three
- c)Two
- d)Four
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
How many prominent disorders are there?
a)
Five
b)
Three
c)
Two
d)
Four
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Three prominent disorders:
1) Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
2) Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and
3) Conduct Disorder.
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Who elaborated on the role of reason?- a)Galen
- b)Albert
- c)The shaman
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who elaborated on the role of reason?
a)
Galen
b)
Albert
c)
The shaman
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Galen elaborated on the role of the four humours in personal character and temperament. According to Galen, the material world was made up of four elements.
Which one of the following types of factors has been found to be the most likely cause of schizophrenia ? - a)Social factors.
- b)Genetic factors.
- c)Psychological factors.
- d)Environmental factors.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following types of factors has been found to be the most likely cause of schizophrenia ?
a)
Social factors.
b)
Genetic factors.
c)
Psychological factors.
d)
Environmental factors.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Causes of schizophrenia are likely to be genetic and biological factors – these account for our initial vulnerability to schizophrenia. It is clear that schizophrenia tends to be inherited. Moreover, several biological problems may cause schizophrenia, as various forms of brain dysfunction occur among sufferers, including enlarged ventricles, reduced blood flow to frontal brain regions and an excess of dopamine (Andreasen et al., 1992; Davis et al., 1991; Flaum et al., 1995). But we don’t know for sure whether these problems are a cause or a consequence of the disorder.
An early hypothesis of the ‘schizophrenogenic mother’ suggested that inadequate parenting causes schizophrenia (e.g. Arieti, 1955). There is absolutely no evidence of this, nor that any psychosocial factors (factors incorporating psychological, environmental and social factors that may play a role in psychopathology) cause schizophrenia. The evidence overwhelmingly points to genetic and biological factors as providing the initial vulnerability to schizophrenia; there is evidence, consistent with a diathesis–stress model, that psychological and social factors influence the course of schizophrenia, such as the timing of onset and the likelihood of relapse.
An early hypothesis of the ‘schizophrenogenic mother’ suggested that inadequate parenting causes schizophrenia (e.g. Arieti, 1955). There is absolutely no evidence of this, nor that any psychosocial factors (factors incorporating psychological, environmental and social factors that may play a role in psychopathology) cause schizophrenia. The evidence overwhelmingly points to genetic and biological factors as providing the initial vulnerability to schizophrenia; there is evidence, consistent with a diathesis–stress model, that psychological and social factors influence the course of schizophrenia, such as the timing of onset and the likelihood of relapse.
We know that a distinction is made between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. What is the difference between these symptoms? - a)Negative symptoms indicate the presence of something normal, and positive symptoms indicate the absence of something unusual.
- b)Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something normal, and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something unusual.
- c)Negative symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual, and positive symptoms indicate the absence of something normal.
- d)Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual, and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something normal.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
We know that a distinction is made between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. What is the difference between these symptoms?
a)
Negative symptoms indicate the presence of something normal, and positive symptoms indicate the absence of something unusual.
b)
Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something normal, and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something unusual.
c)
Negative symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual, and positive symptoms indicate the absence of something normal.
d)
Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual, and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something normal.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The symptoms of schizophrenia are grouped into two categories: positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual (such as hallucinations, delusions, odd speech and inappropriate affect) and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something normal (such as good social skills, appropriate affect, motivation and life skills).
Which of the following is a characteristic of people with social phobia? - a)Only very rarely does their condition lead to significant social isolation.
- b)Their condition can range from relatively mild to extremely pervasive.
- c)They are afraid of other people.
- d)They are afraid of social situations.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is a characteristic of people with social phobia?
a)
Only very rarely does their condition lead to significant social isolation.
b)
Their condition can range from relatively mild to extremely pervasive.
c)
They are afraid of other people.
d)
They are afraid of social situations.
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Social phobia tends to be more impairing because it often results in significant social isolation. You might think that people with social phobia are afraid of people or of social situations – but this isn’t the case. They are actually afraid of negative evaluation and rejection by others and will attempt to avoid it at all costs. Social phobia ranges from relatively mild (e.g. fearing and avoiding public speaking only) to extremely pervasive (e.g. fearing and avoiding all social interaction except with family members).
Which are true of the diathesis–stress model of mental illness? Please identify all correct answers. - When an enduring vulnerability factor in a person is coupled with a recent stressor, it results in psychological disorder.
- Only one of the diathesis or stressor needs to be present for symptoms of the psychological disorder to occur.
- Both the diathesis and the stressor must be present to lead to symptoms of the psychological disorder.
- Diatheses and stressors have specific definitions.
- a)1 & 4
- b)1 & 3
- c)2 & 3
- d)2 & 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which are true of the diathesis–stress model of mental illness? Please identify all correct answers.
- When an enduring vulnerability factor in a person is coupled with a recent stressor, it results in psychological disorder.
- Only one of the diathesis or stressor needs to be present for symptoms of the psychological disorder to occur.
- Both the diathesis and the stressor must be present to lead to symptoms of the psychological disorder.
- Diatheses and stressors have specific definitions.
a)
1 & 4
b)
1 & 3
c)
2 & 3
d)
2 & 4
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
It is likely that mental illness results only when particular combinations of factors are present. This notion is at the heart of the diathesis–stress model of mental illness. The diathesis–stress model suggests that some people possess an enduring vulnerability factor (a diathesis) which, when coupled with a proximal (recent) stressor, results in psychological disorder.
Neither the diathesis nor the stressor alone is enough to lead to symptoms – both must be present. Diatheses and stressors can be defined broadly. For example, a genetic or biological predisposition to mental illness might be the diathesis, and a troubled parent–child relationship could be the stressor; or a dysfunctional pattern of thinking about the world can be the diathesis, and a major life event the stressor.
Neither the diathesis nor the stressor alone is enough to lead to symptoms – both must be present. Diatheses and stressors can be defined broadly. For example, a genetic or biological predisposition to mental illness might be the diathesis, and a troubled parent–child relationship could be the stressor; or a dysfunctional pattern of thinking about the world can be the diathesis, and a major life event the stressor.
According to research, children who are behaviorally inhibited are shy, quiet, fearful, socially avoidant and have high levels of physiological arousal. These children are most likely to develop which type of psychological disorders? - a)Psychotic disorders
- b)Anxiety disorders
- c)Eating disorders
- d)Substance abuse disorders
- e)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
According to research, children who are behaviorally inhibited are shy, quiet, fearful, socially avoidant and have high levels of physiological arousal. These children are most likely to develop which type of psychological disorders?
a)
Psychotic disorders
b)
Anxiety disorders
c)
Eating disorders
d)
Substance abuse disorders
e)
None of the above
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Children who are behaviorally inhibited are most likely to develop anxiety disorders and not the other psychological disorders indicated by the alternative answers above.
Which type of mental illness is most resistant to change? - a)Personality disorders
- b)Eating disorders
- c)Anxiety disorders
- d)Schizophrenia
- e)Affective disorders
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which type of mental illness is most resistant to change?
a)
Personality disorders
b)
Eating disorders
c)
Anxiety disorders
d)
Schizophrenia
e)
Affective disorders
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Personality disorders are the most resistant to change compared to other types of psychological disorders because they are disorders of people’s basic character – so there is no normal functioning to return to. Psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments are available to treat eating disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and affective disorders.
Common impairments of a substance abuser might include:- a)Failure to fulfil major role obligations.
- b)Legal problems.
- c)Both (a) and (b).
- d)Neither (a) nor (b)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Common impairments of a substance abuser might include:
a)
Failure to fulfil major role obligations.
b)
Legal problems.
c)
Both (a) and (b).
d)
Neither (a) nor (b)
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Substance abuse is defined entirely on the criterion of impairment. If someone’s repeated use of a substance causes significant impairment in even one area of life, he can be described as a substance abuser. Common impairments include:
- failure to fulfil major role obligations – e.g. constantly late to or absent from work;
- recurrent use in dangerous situations – e.g. while driving;
- frequent substance-related legal problems – e.g. arrests for disorderly conduct; and
- social and interpersonal problems – e.g. conflict with partner or other family members.
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? - a)Depression
- b)Substance abuse
- c)Stressful events
- d)Social support
- e)A plan to commit suicide
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
a)
Depression
b)
Substance abuse
c)
Stressful events
d)
Social support
e)
A plan to commit suicide
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Social support is not a risk factor for suicide; however the alternative answers are risk factors for suicide.
For which type of mental illness is there considerable evidence that it is caused by biological factors and little to no evidence that it is caused by psychosocial factors?- a)Bipolar disorder
- b)Panic disorder
- c)Bulimia nervosa
- d)Schizophrenia
- e)(a) and (d)
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
For which type of mental illness is there considerable evidence that it is caused by biological factors and little to no evidence that it is caused by psychosocial factors?
a)
Bipolar disorder
b)
Panic disorder
c)
Bulimia nervosa
d)
Schizophrenia
e)
(a) and (d)
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
There is considerable evidence to indicate that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are caused by biological factors, but there is no evidence to indicate that they are caused by psychosocial factors. Panic disorder and bulimia have both been associated with psychosocial factors
What is removing the evil that resides in the individual through countermagic and prayer?- a)Exorcist
- b)Ritual
- c)Exorcism
- d)Witchcraft
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What is removing the evil that resides in the individual through countermagic and prayer?
a)
Exorcist
b)
Ritual
c)
Exorcism
d)
Witchcraft
|
Akshita Saha answered |
Exorcism
Exorcism is the process of removing evil or demonic spirits from an individual through countermagic and prayer. It is a ritualistic practice that has been performed by various religious traditions throughout history to rid individuals of spiritual possession or influence.
Countermagic and Prayer
During an exorcism, an exorcist typically uses countermagic, which involves invoking higher powers or spiritual forces to combat the evil presence within the individual. This may include reciting prayers, using sacred objects, or performing specific rituals aimed at expelling the demonic entity.
Role of the Exorcist
The exorcist is a trained individual who is authorized by a religious institution to perform exorcisms. They are knowledgeable about the rituals and prayers needed to effectively remove the evil that resides in the individual. The exorcist acts as a mediator between the individual and the spiritual realm, facilitating the process of deliverance.
Importance of Exorcism
Exorcism is believed to bring spiritual healing and liberation to the possessed individual, restoring their well-being and mental health. It is seen as a way to cleanse the individual of negative energies and influences, allowing them to live a more peaceful and harmonious life.
In conclusion, exorcism is a powerful and sacred practice that aims to remove evil from individuals through countermagic and prayer. It is a ritual that holds significant importance in many religious traditions for its ability to bring spiritual healing and deliverance to those in need.
Exorcism is the process of removing evil or demonic spirits from an individual through countermagic and prayer. It is a ritualistic practice that has been performed by various religious traditions throughout history to rid individuals of spiritual possession or influence.
Countermagic and Prayer
During an exorcism, an exorcist typically uses countermagic, which involves invoking higher powers or spiritual forces to combat the evil presence within the individual. This may include reciting prayers, using sacred objects, or performing specific rituals aimed at expelling the demonic entity.
Role of the Exorcist
The exorcist is a trained individual who is authorized by a religious institution to perform exorcisms. They are knowledgeable about the rituals and prayers needed to effectively remove the evil that resides in the individual. The exorcist acts as a mediator between the individual and the spiritual realm, facilitating the process of deliverance.
Importance of Exorcism
Exorcism is believed to bring spiritual healing and liberation to the possessed individual, restoring their well-being and mental health. It is seen as a way to cleanse the individual of negative energies and influences, allowing them to live a more peaceful and harmonious life.
In conclusion, exorcism is a powerful and sacred practice that aims to remove evil from individuals through countermagic and prayer. It is a ritual that holds significant importance in many religious traditions for its ability to bring spiritual healing and deliverance to those in need.
Which of the following do we know to be the case, in terms of the causes of anxiety disorders and factors affecting their course? - a)The extent of heritability is the same for all anxiety disorders.
- b)People prone to anxiety disorders are born with behavioural exhibition.
- c)All anxiety disorders have the same range of biological causes.
- d)Cognitive, behavioural and life stress factors affect risk for anxiety disorders.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following do we know to be the case, in terms of the causes of anxiety disorders and factors affecting their course?
a)
The extent of heritability is the same for all anxiety disorders.
b)
People prone to anxiety disorders are born with behavioural exhibition.
c)
All anxiety disorders have the same range of biological causes.
d)
Cognitive, behavioural and life stress factors affect risk for anxiety disorders.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The extent of heritability varies across disorders. People who are prone to anxiety disorders are born with something called behavioural inhibition (see Kagan & Snidman, 1991). Children who are behaviourally inhibited are shy, quiet, fearful, socially avoidant and have high levels of physiological arousal (i.e. they are aroused easily and are very reactive to stimulation and stress). These children are more likely to develop an anxiety disorder (e.g. Hirschfeld et al., 1992).
Regarding biological factors, there a number of pathways in the limbic system that are hypothesized to produce various types of anxiety reactions (e.g. Gray, 1982). Although some forms of biological dysfunction may be associated with anxiety in general, each anxiety disorder may also have unique biological causes. Cognitive, behavioural and life stress factors all affect risk for anxiety disorders. In fact, stress is, by definition, the cause of PTSD.
Regarding biological factors, there a number of pathways in the limbic system that are hypothesized to produce various types of anxiety reactions (e.g. Gray, 1982). Although some forms of biological dysfunction may be associated with anxiety in general, each anxiety disorder may also have unique biological causes. Cognitive, behavioural and life stress factors all affect risk for anxiety disorders. In fact, stress is, by definition, the cause of PTSD.
Who did Johann Weyer emphasised believe needed medical treatment?- a)Witches
- b)Fairies
- c)Vampires
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who did Johann Weyer emphasised believe needed medical treatment?
a)
Witches
b)
Fairies
c)
Vampires
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Johann Weyer emphasised also insisted that witches were mentally disturbed and required medical, not theological, treatment.
Which model explains that psychological disorders develop when people with some vulnerability to mental illness experience proximal stressors? - a)Diathesis-stress model
- b)Attachment model
- c)Psychodynamic model
- d)Cognitive-behavioral model
- e)Parent-stressor model
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which model explains that psychological disorders develop when people with some vulnerability to mental illness experience proximal stressors?
a)
Diathesis-stress model
b)
Attachment model
c)
Psychodynamic model
d)
Cognitive-behavioral model
e)
Parent-stressor model
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The diathesis-stress model suggests that some people possess an enduring vulnerability factor, which, when coupled with a proximal stressor, produces psychological disorders.
Which of the following symptoms do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common? - a)Distorted body image
- b)Intense fear of being fat
- c)Sense of self revolves around body and weight
- d)Eating regulated by psychological and not physical processes
- e)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following symptoms do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?
a)
Distorted body image
b)
Intense fear of being fat
c)
Sense of self revolves around body and weight
d)
Eating regulated by psychological and not physical processes
e)
All of the above
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
All of the answers given above describe both anorexia and bulimia.
The tension-reduction hypothesis attempts to explain the development of which type of mental disorder? - a)Schizophrenia
- b)Eating disorders
- c)Substance abuse
- d)Major depression
- e)Bipolar disorder
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The tension-reduction hypothesis attempts to explain the development of which type of mental disorder?
a)
Schizophrenia
b)
Eating disorders
c)
Substance abuse
d)
Major depression
e)
Bipolar disorder
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The tension-reduction hypothesis refers to the notion that people use substances in order to reduce tension and negative affect. The alternative answers given above refer to other mental disorders that are not explained by this hypothesis.
Identify the accurate assertion from those given below, in relation to the course of major depressive disorder: - a)Most people with major depressive disorder experience only isolated episodes of depression.
- b)Depression is a disorder of adulthood and does not affect children.
- c)Major depressive disorder follows a recurrent course.
- d)Early onset of major depressive disorder predicts a better course of depression over time.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Identify the accurate assertion from those given below, in relation to the course of major depressive disorder:
a)
Most people with major depressive disorder experience only isolated episodes of depression.
b)
Depression is a disorder of adulthood and does not affect children.
c)
Major depressive disorder follows a recurrent course.
d)
Early onset of major depressive disorder predicts a better course of depression over time.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Major depressive disorder follows a recurrent course. Although some people have isolated episodes, most experience multiple episodes of depression that may become more severe over time (e.g. Lewinsohn, Zeiss & Duncan, 1989). Mild forms of depression with just a few symptoms rather than full-blown major depressive disorder can predict the onset of more serious depression later on (e.g. Pine et al., 1999).
Although depression was once thought to be a disorder of adulthood, we now know that it affects people of all ages, including children. The age of onset of major depressive disorder is decreasing, and the rates of major depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence are increasing rapidly. Early onset predicts a worse course of depression over time (e.g. Lewinsohn et al., 1994), so depression in childhood and adolescence is a serious problem that can lead to ongoing difficulties throughout life.
Although depression was once thought to be a disorder of adulthood, we now know that it affects people of all ages, including children. The age of onset of major depressive disorder is decreasing, and the rates of major depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence are increasing rapidly. Early onset predicts a worse course of depression over time (e.g. Lewinsohn et al., 1994), so depression in childhood and adolescence is a serious problem that can lead to ongoing difficulties throughout life.
Symptoms of major depressive disorder might include: - Specific phobias.
- Losing interest or pleasure in things that you usually enjoy.
- Changes in appetite.
- An excessively euphoric mood.
- a)1 & 2
- b)3 & 4
- c)2 & 3
- d)1 & 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Symptoms of major depressive disorder might include:
- Specific phobias.
- Losing interest or pleasure in things that you usually enjoy.
- Changes in appetite.
- An excessively euphoric mood.
a)
1 & 2
b)
3 & 4
c)
2 & 3
d)
1 & 4
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The primary symptom of major depressive disorder is, not surprisingly, a depressed or sad mood. Almost everyone experiences a sad mood some time in their life, but major depressive disorder goes much further than simply feeling sad. Other symptoms include:
- Losing interest or pleasure in things that you usually enjoy – an experience called anhedonia.
- Changes in appetite – some find nothing appealing and have to force themselves to eat, resulting in significant weight loss, while others want to eat more and gain a lot of weight.
- Changes in sleep habits – depressed people may be unable to sleep or want to sleep all the time.
- A very low level of energy, extreme fatigue and poor concentration. Depressed people have no motivation to do anything, often find themselves unable to get out of bed and unable to complete school or work assignments.
- Feeling very bad about themselves – low self-esteem, feeling worthless and blaming themselves for all that has gone wrong in their lives and the world. Depressed people tend to feel hopeless about the future and don’t believe they will ever feel better.
An excessively euphoric mood (typically associated with a sense of grandiosity) is a symptom of bipolar disorder, while specific phobias are common to people with anxiety disorders.
Who can an afflicted person learn which spirits are responsible for her/his problems?- a)Healer
- b)Mage
- c)Shaman
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Who can an afflicted person learn which spirits are responsible for her/his problems?
a)
Healer
b)
Mage
c)
Shaman
d)
None
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Through the shaman, an afflicted person can learn which spirits are responsible for her/his problems and what needs to be done to appease them.
Many psychologists have stated that abnormal is simply a label that is given to a behaviour which is what?- a)Definednorms
- b)Deviant from Fromsocial Expectations
- c)Serious questions
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Many psychologists have stated that abnormal is simply a label that is given to a behaviour which is what?
a)
Definednorms
b)
Deviant from Fromsocial Expectations
c)
Serious questions
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Many psychologists have stated that abnormal is simply a label given to a behavior deviant from social expectations.
What does the second approach view abnormal behaviour as?- a)Self-Injurious
- b)Stereotypic
- c)Maladaptive
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What does the second approach view abnormal behaviour as?
a)
Self-Injurious
b)
Stereotypic
c)
Maladaptive
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Serious questions is based on the assumption that socially accepted behaviour is not abnormal and that normality is nothing more than conformity to social norms. The second approach views strange behaviour as maladaptive. The actualisation of potential, which you must have studied in maslows, needs hierarchy theory. According to this criterion, conforming behaviour can be seen as abnormal if it is maladaptive.
What kind of manner do panic attacks occur?- a)Expected
- b)Predictable
- c)Unpredictable
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What kind of manner do panic attacks occur?
a)
Expected
b)
Predictable
c)
Unpredictable
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Such thoughts occur in an unpredictable manner.
Comorbidity refers to: - a)The frequency of mental illness
- b)Two or more causes of death indicated for patients
- c)The occurrence of 2 or more disorders at the same time
- d)The degree of suffering of mentally ill patients
- e)The frequency of family-related mental illness
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Comorbidity refers to:
a)
The frequency of mental illness
b)
Two or more causes of death indicated for patients
c)
The occurrence of 2 or more disorders at the same time
d)
The degree of suffering of mentally ill patients
e)
The frequency of family-related mental illness
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Comorbidity refers to the occurrence of 2 or more disorders at the same time.
Biological models of mental disorders explain mental illness as resulting from which of the following factors? - a)Biochemical imbalance
- b)Genetic predisposition
- c)Familial transmission
- d)Brain defects
- e)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Biological models of mental disorders explain mental illness as resulting from which of the following factors?
a)
Biochemical imbalance
b)
Genetic predisposition
c)
Familial transmission
d)
Brain defects
e)
All of the above
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
All of the answers given above refer to factors associated with mental illness according to the biological models of mental disorders.
Which psychological disorder is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, using bizarre language and inappropriate affect? - a)Depression
- b)Schizophrenia
- c)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- d)Eating disorders
- e)Generalized anxiety disorder
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which psychological disorder is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, using bizarre language and inappropriate affect?
a)
Depression
b)
Schizophrenia
c)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
d)
Eating disorders
e)
Generalized anxiety disorder
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Schizophrenia is the psychological disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, using bizarre language and inappropriate affect. The alternative answers refer to mental disorders that are not characterized by these symptoms.
In terms of the early parent–child relationship in the development of mental illness, which of the following accurately explains how contemporary psychodynamic models differ to that of Freud? - a)Contemporary models focus more on interpersonal relationships than on intrapsychic conflict.
- b)Contemporary models focus on the unconscious internal desires and motivations of the child.
- c)Contemporary models focus on how the child negotiates his/her unconscious internal desires and motivations as s/he progresses through the early relationship with his/her parents.
- d)None of the above.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In terms of the early parent–child relationship in the development of mental illness, which of the following accurately explains how contemporary psychodynamic models differ to that of Freud?
a)
Contemporary models focus more on interpersonal relationships than on intrapsychic conflict.
b)
Contemporary models focus on the unconscious internal desires and motivations of the child.
c)
Contemporary models focus on how the child negotiates his/her unconscious internal desires and motivations as s/he progresses through the early relationship with his/her parents.
d)
None of the above.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Contemporary psychodynamic models (e.g., Kohut, 1977; Kernberg, 1976; Mitchell, 1988) suggest that the early parent–child relationship is the original source of mental illness, and that what goes on in the mind of the child (and the adult) is important.
But these models differ from Freud’s in that they focus more on interpersonal relationships than on intrapsychic conflict. Rather than focusing on what actually occurred in the parent–child relationship (e.g. whether parents were actually poor caregivers), Freud’s focus was on the unconscious internal desires and motivations of the child (e.g. sexual and aggressive impulses) and how the child negotiated them as s/he progressed through the early relationship with his/her parents.
But these models differ from Freud’s in that they focus more on interpersonal relationships than on intrapsychic conflict. Rather than focusing on what actually occurred in the parent–child relationship (e.g. whether parents were actually poor caregivers), Freud’s focus was on the unconscious internal desires and motivations of the child (e.g. sexual and aggressive impulses) and how the child negotiated them as s/he progressed through the early relationship with his/her parents.
Which of these definitions applies to ALL types of abnormal behaviour? - a)Abnormal behaviour occurs infrequently.
- b)Abnormal behaviour is odd or strange.
- c)Abnormal behaviour is characterized by suffering.
- d)Abnormal behaviour causes impairment in the person’s life.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these definitions applies to ALL types of abnormal behaviour?
a)
Abnormal behaviour occurs infrequently.
b)
Abnormal behaviour is odd or strange.
c)
Abnormal behaviour is characterized by suffering.
d)
Abnormal behaviour causes impairment in the person’s life.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Defining abnormality is deceptively difficult. When asked to describe abnormal behaviour, people typically say that it occurs infrequently, is odd or strange, is characterized by suffering, or is dangerous. All of these are reasonable answers for some types of abnormal behaviour, but none of them is sufficient in itself, and making them all necessary results in too strict a definition.
One parsimonious and practical way to define abnormal behaviour is to ask whether the behaviour causes impairment in the person’s life. The more a behaviour gets in the way of successful functioning in an important domain of life (including the psychological, interpersonal and achievement/performance domains), the more likely it is to be considered a sign of abnormality.
One parsimonious and practical way to define abnormal behaviour is to ask whether the behaviour causes impairment in the person’s life. The more a behaviour gets in the way of successful functioning in an important domain of life (including the psychological, interpersonal and achievement/performance domains), the more likely it is to be considered a sign of abnormality.
What is the term for constantly scanning the environment for dangers?- a)Jumpiness
- b)Tearfulness
- c)Hypervigilance
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the term for constantly scanning the environment for dangers?
a)
Jumpiness
b)
Tearfulness
c)
Hypervigilance
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Hypervigilance involves constantly scanning the environment for dangers.
What symptoms vary widely but may include recurrent dreams, flashbacks, impaired concentration, and emotional numbing?- a)Post-traumatic stress disorder
- b)Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- c)Autistic disorderPosttraumatic
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What symptoms vary widely but may include recurrent dreams, flashbacks, impaired concentration, and emotional numbing?
a)
Post-traumatic stress disorder
b)
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
c)
Autistic disorderPosttraumatic
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms vary widely but may include recurrent dreams, flashbacks, impaired concentration, and emotional numbing.
Chapter doubts & questions for Psychological Disorders - Psychology Practice Tests: CUET Preparation 2024 is part of Humanities/Arts exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the Humanities/Arts exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for Humanities/Arts 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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