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All questions of Therapeutic Approaches for Humanities/Arts Exam
Why is it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatments?- a)Self-selection into therapy leads to biased samples
- b)Creating true control groups for comparison
- c)The number of possible treatment-disorder combinations to assess
- d)Most patients do not give consent to participate in research
- e)(a), (b) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Why is it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatments?
a)
Self-selection into therapy leads to biased samples
b)
Creating true control groups for comparison
c)
The number of possible treatment-disorder combinations to assess
d)
Most patients do not give consent to participate in research
e)
(a), (b) and (c)
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Self-selection, true control groups and the magnitude of comparisons to be made represent major difficulties for the evaluation of psychotherapeutic treatments. Informed consent from patients is not particularly problematic for research that evaluates psychotherapeutic effectiveness.
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The process of reflection helps the client to become what?- a)Corporate
- b)Enable
- c)Integrate
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The process of reflection helps the client to become what?
a)
Corporate
b)
Enable
c)
Integrate
d)
None
|
Arun Yadav answered |
This process of reflection helps the client to become integrated.
What type of client would be treated differently from a client who is anxious?- a)Happy
- b)Despondent
- c)Depressed
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of client would be treated differently from a client who is anxious?
a)
Happy
b)
Despondent
c)
Depressed
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
A depressed client would be treated differently from a client who is anxious.
Which of the following is not a form of psychotherapy used to treat psychological disorders? - a)Cognitive therapy
- b)Pharmacotherapy
- c)Humanistic therapy
- d)Behavioural therapy
- e)Psychodynamic therapy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not a form of psychotherapy used to treat psychological disorders?
a)
Cognitive therapy
b)
Pharmacotherapy
c)
Humanistic therapy
d)
Behavioural therapy
e)
Psychodynamic therapy
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Pharmacotherapy involves the use of drug treatments to control and/or reduce the symptoms of psychological disorders, and is not a form of psychotherapy. Depending on the disorder, it is used in conjunction with psychotherapeutic treatments (cognitive, humanistic, behavioural, psychodynamic) to produce the most improvement in patients.
What type of marital, occupational, and social adjustment requires major changes in an individual’s environment?- a)Sufficient
- b)Adequate
- c)Inadequate
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of marital, occupational, and social adjustment requires major changes in an individual’s environment?
a)
Sufficient
b)
Adequate
c)
Inadequate
d)
None
|
Harshitha Basu answered |
Inadequate marital, occupational, and social adjustment refers to a situation where an individual is unable to effectively adapt to the changes in their environment. This type of adjustment requires major changes in order for the individual to thrive and feel satisfied in their personal and professional lives. Let's explore each aspect of this adjustment in detail:
1. Marital Adjustment:
Marital adjustment refers to the ability of individuals to adapt and thrive within their marital relationship. Inadequate marital adjustment occurs when the individual is unable to establish a healthy and fulfilling partnership with their spouse. This may involve difficulties in communication, conflict resolution, intimacy, or shared goal-setting. Major changes in the environment, such as couples therapy or seeking help from a marriage counselor, may be necessary to address and improve the marital adjustment.
2. Occupational Adjustment:
Occupational adjustment refers to an individual's ability to adapt and succeed in their chosen occupation or career. Inadequate occupational adjustment occurs when an individual faces challenges in their work environment, such as job dissatisfaction, lack of fulfillment, or difficulties in meeting job demands. Major changes in the environment may be required for the individual to find a more suitable career path, acquire additional skills or education, or seek employment in a different organization or industry.
3. Social Adjustment:
Social adjustment refers to an individual's ability to adapt and integrate into their social environment, such as family, friends, and community. Inadequate social adjustment occurs when an individual struggles to form meaningful relationships, experiences social isolation, or faces difficulties in social interactions. Major changes in the environment may involve seeking social support, joining social groups or organizations, developing social skills through therapy or counseling, or relocating to a new community where the individual can better connect with others.
Overall, inadequate marital, occupational, and social adjustment requires major changes in an individual's environment to address the underlying issues and improve their overall well-being. These changes may involve seeking professional help, acquiring new skills or education, or making significant life decisions to create a more conducive environment for personal and professional growth.
1. Marital Adjustment:
Marital adjustment refers to the ability of individuals to adapt and thrive within their marital relationship. Inadequate marital adjustment occurs when the individual is unable to establish a healthy and fulfilling partnership with their spouse. This may involve difficulties in communication, conflict resolution, intimacy, or shared goal-setting. Major changes in the environment, such as couples therapy or seeking help from a marriage counselor, may be necessary to address and improve the marital adjustment.
2. Occupational Adjustment:
Occupational adjustment refers to an individual's ability to adapt and succeed in their chosen occupation or career. Inadequate occupational adjustment occurs when an individual faces challenges in their work environment, such as job dissatisfaction, lack of fulfillment, or difficulties in meeting job demands. Major changes in the environment may be required for the individual to find a more suitable career path, acquire additional skills or education, or seek employment in a different organization or industry.
3. Social Adjustment:
Social adjustment refers to an individual's ability to adapt and integrate into their social environment, such as family, friends, and community. Inadequate social adjustment occurs when an individual struggles to form meaningful relationships, experiences social isolation, or faces difficulties in social interactions. Major changes in the environment may involve seeking social support, joining social groups or organizations, developing social skills through therapy or counseling, or relocating to a new community where the individual can better connect with others.
Overall, inadequate marital, occupational, and social adjustment requires major changes in an individual's environment to address the underlying issues and improve their overall well-being. These changes may involve seeking professional help, acquiring new skills or education, or making significant life decisions to create a more conducive environment for personal and professional growth.
Which of the following criticisms of family and couples therapies are valid? - These treatments are not as effective as most individual treatments for problems relating to family or relationship conflict.
- The attraction of these therapies may reflect little more than the charisma of those who developed them.
- Bona fide treatments only produce beneficial outcomes for a minority of cases in 20 sessions or fewer.
- There has been a relative lack of research on many of these therapies.
- a)1 & 2
- b)2 & 3
- c)3 & 4
- d)2 & 4
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following criticisms of family and couples therapies are valid?
- These treatments are not as effective as most individual treatments for problems relating to family or relationship conflict.
- The attraction of these therapies may reflect little more than the charisma of those who developed them.
- Bona fide treatments only produce beneficial outcomes for a minority of cases in 20 sessions or fewer.
- There has been a relative lack of research on many of these therapies.
a)
1 & 2
b)
2 & 3
c)
3 & 4
d)
2 & 4
|
Soumya Bose answered |
, 2, and 4 are valid criticisms of family and couples therapies.
What is one goal of psychotherapy?- a)Diminishing
- b)Lessening
- c)Decreasing
- d)Alleviating
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is one goal of psychotherapy?
a)
Diminishing
b)
Lessening
c)
Decreasing
d)
Alleviating
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Lessening emotional pressure is one of the goals of psychotherapy.
What requires free emotional expression?- a)Self-Realisation
- b)Self-Fulfillment
- c)Self-Actualisation
- d)Done
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What requires free emotional expression?
a)
Self-Realisation
b)
Self-Fulfillment
c)
Self-Actualisation
d)
Done
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Self-actualisation requires free emotional expression. Just as lack of food or water causes distress, the frustration of self-actualisation also causes distress.
What are the TWO major approaches to treatment of psychological disorders? - Biological.
- Medical.
- Chemical.
- Psychological.
- a)1 & 2
- b)2 & 3
- c)2 & 4
- d)1 & 4
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What are the TWO major approaches to treatment of psychological disorders?
- Biological.
- Medical.
- Chemical.
- Psychological.
a)
1 & 2
b)
2 & 3
c)
2 & 4
d)
1 & 4
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The two major approaches to treatment of psychological disorders are biological and psychological.
Which TWO of the following definitions of key features of Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy are accurate? - Automatic thoughts are spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific moods.
- Automatic thoughts are spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific situations.
- In collaborative empiricism, the therapist formulates a hypothesis and then tests its validity himself.
- In collaborative empiricism, the client is asked to formulate a hypothesis and then helps the therapist to test its validity.
- a)1 & 2
- b)2 & 3
- c)3 & 4
- d)2 & 4
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which TWO of the following definitions of key features of Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy are accurate?
- Automatic thoughts are spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific moods.
- Automatic thoughts are spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific situations.
- In collaborative empiricism, the therapist formulates a hypothesis and then tests its validity himself.
- In collaborative empiricism, the client is asked to formulate a hypothesis and then helps the therapist to test its validity.
a)
1 & 2
b)
2 & 3
c)
3 & 4
d)
2 & 4
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Aaron Beck developed one of the most influential cognitive therapies to treat depression. Beck maintains that the depressed person’s negative view of self, the world and the future (the ‘cognitive triad’) results from the operation of maladaptive automatic thoughts – the spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific moods or situations (e.g. ‘Everything I do turns out wrong’). In depression, these cognitive distortions can take many forms including dichotomous thinking, overgeneralization, arbitrary inference and magnification.
Whatever form the cognitive distortion takes, a primary goal in cognitive therapy is to help the client identify automatic thoughts and evaluate them. The therapist helps the client to do this by asking questions like, ‘What is the evidence for this idea?’, ‘Is there another way to look at the situation?’, ‘Are these facts, or your interpretation of the facts?’ The therapist also formulates a hypothesis regarding the automatic thought and invites the client to test the validity of the hypothesis in a systematic way – a process called collaborative empiricism. In taking this approach, ultimately more realistic, accurate interpretations should replace the automatic thoughts, distorted beliefs and assumptions.
Whatever form the cognitive distortion takes, a primary goal in cognitive therapy is to help the client identify automatic thoughts and evaluate them. The therapist helps the client to do this by asking questions like, ‘What is the evidence for this idea?’, ‘Is there another way to look at the situation?’, ‘Are these facts, or your interpretation of the facts?’ The therapist also formulates a hypothesis regarding the automatic thought and invites the client to test the validity of the hypothesis in a systematic way – a process called collaborative empiricism. In taking this approach, ultimately more realistic, accurate interpretations should replace the automatic thoughts, distorted beliefs and assumptions.
What is the chief benefit of humanistic therapy?- a)Happiness
- b)Personal growth
- c)Social growth
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the chief benefit of humanistic therapy?
a)
Happiness
b)
Personal growth
c)
Social growth
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Humanistic therapy values personal growth as the chief benefit.
Free association, interpretation and analysis of transference are treatment techniques in which model of psychotherapy? - a)Humanistic.
- b)Psychoanalytic.
- c)Cognitive.
- d)Behavioural.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Free association, interpretation and analysis of transference are treatment techniques in which model of psychotherapy?
a)
Humanistic.
b)
Psychoanalytic.
c)
Cognitive.
d)
Behavioural.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Free association, interpretation and analysis of transference are examples of treatment techniques in the psychoanalytic model of psychotherapy. Treatment techniques in the other three models above include:
- in the humanistic model, unconditional positive regard and active listening;
- in the cognitive model, collaborative empiricism and identifying automatic thoughts; and
- in the behavioural model, counter-conditioning and modelling.
Which form of psychotherapy has been shown to significantly decrease the relapse rate of patients with depression when administered after successful drug treatment? - a)Cognitive-behavioural therapy
- b)Psychoanalysis
- c)Behavioural therapy
- d)Humanistic therapy
- e)Rational-emotive therapy
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which form of psychotherapy has been shown to significantly decrease the relapse rate of patients with depression when administered after successful drug treatment?
a)
Cognitive-behavioural therapy
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Behavioural therapy
d)
Humanistic therapy
e)
Rational-emotive therapy
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
CBT has been shown to be most effective for treating recurrent depression in conjunction with drug treatment.
According to research on psychotherapy’s effectiveness, at what point into psychotherapy can 50 percent of clients begin to experience beneficial effects? - a)6 to 8 sessions
- b)10 to 15 sessions
- c)1 to 2 sessions
- d)25 to 30 sessions
- e)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
According to research on psychotherapy’s effectiveness, at what point into psychotherapy can 50 percent of clients begin to experience beneficial effects?
a)
6 to 8 sessions
b)
10 to 15 sessions
c)
1 to 2 sessions
d)
25 to 30 sessions
e)
None of the above
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Research suggests that beneficial effects will appear after about 6 to 8 sessions in 50 percent of clients. After 26 sessions, beneficial effects will appear in 75 percent of clients. 10 to 12 sessions and 1 to 2 sessions have not been demonstrated to be the most critical points for therapeutic effects to appear.
What type of therapy assumes that the therapist understands the client’s intrapsychic conflicts better than the client?- a)Psychodynamic
- b)Cognitive-Behavioral
- c)Psychotherapeutic
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of therapy assumes that the therapist understands the client’s intrapsychic conflicts better than the client?
a)
Psychodynamic
b)
Cognitive-Behavioral
c)
Psychotherapeutic
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Psychodynamic therapy assumes the therapist understands the clients intrapsychic conflicts better than the client. Hence, the therapist interprets the client’s thoughts and feelings of the client to her/him so that s/he gains an understanding of the same.
Who looks upon dreams as symbols of the psyche?- a)Psychoanalysts
- b)Historian
- c)Neurotherapists
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who looks upon dreams as symbols of the psyche?
a)
Psychoanalysts
b)
Historian
c)
Neurotherapists
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Psychoanalysts look upon dreams as symbols of the unfulfilled desires present in the unconscious.
Until the late eighteenth century, people suffering from a psychological disorder were thought to be possessed by demons or evil spirits. Treatment was designed to alter the body in order to let out the spirits or make it an inhospitable habitat for them, and among the earliest of these was a technique in which part of the skull bone was removed to allow evil spirits out. But what was this technique called? - a)Ice pick lobotomy.
- b)Trepanning.
- c)Prefrontal lobotomy.
- d)Bloodletting.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Until the late eighteenth century, people suffering from a psychological disorder were thought to be possessed by demons or evil spirits. Treatment was designed to alter the body in order to let out the spirits or make it an inhospitable habitat for them, and among the earliest of these was a technique in which part of the skull bone was removed to allow evil spirits out. But what was this technique called?
a)
Ice pick lobotomy.
b)
Trepanning.
c)
Prefrontal lobotomy.
d)
Bloodletting.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
‘Trepanning’ involved removing part of the skull bone to allow evil spirits out of the body, and was a practice that endured until the twentieth century. Bloodletting, another outdated ‘technique’, required a surgical removal of the patient’s blood – again to let out those evil spirits. A form of psychosurgery, the prefrontal (or ‘ice pick’) lobotomy involved a sharp piece of metal being inserted under the eyelid and above the eye so that it entered the base of the frontal lobe. Sideways movement severed the connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the brain, in an attempt to treat the disorder.
Demonstrating unconditional positive regard toward patients is a critical component for which type of therapy? - a)Family therapy
- b)Rational-emotive therapy
- c)Client-centered therapy
- d)Gestalt therapy
- e)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Demonstrating unconditional positive regard toward patients is a critical component for which type of therapy?
a)
Family therapy
b)
Rational-emotive therapy
c)
Client-centered therapy
d)
Gestalt therapy
e)
None of the above
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes that therapists must show patients unconditional positive regard in order for therapy to be effective. Family, rational-emotive and gestalt therapy do not consider unconditional positive regard to be a key component of the therapy.
What are possible reasons given to explain why 5–10% of patients deteriorate after ending psychotherapy? - a)Poor therapist-client relationship
- b)Therapist incompetence
- c)Therapy disrupts stable pattern of functioning
- d)Therapy does not offer clients alternative coping mechanisms
- e)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
What are possible reasons given to explain why 5–10% of patients deteriorate after ending psychotherapy?
a)
Poor therapist-client relationship
b)
Therapist incompetence
c)
Therapy disrupts stable pattern of functioning
d)
Therapy does not offer clients alternative coping mechanisms
e)
All of the above
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
All of the above have been considered as possible reasons for why patients may deteriorate after psychotherapy.
In client-centred therapy, the importance of affirming the worth of the client is achieved by the exercise of which THREE therapeutic attitudes? - Unconditional positive regard.
- Empathy.
- Genuineness.
- Confrontation.
- a)1, 2 & 3
- b)2, 3 & 4
- c)1, 3 & 4
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In client-centred therapy, the importance of affirming the worth of the client is achieved by the exercise of which THREE therapeutic attitudes?
- Unconditional positive regard.
- Empathy.
- Genuineness.
- Confrontation.
a)
1, 2 & 3
b)
2, 3 & 4
c)
1, 3 & 4
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
In this most influential humanist therapy, Carl Rogers argued that a person’s natural tendency to grow as a unique individual (self-actualize) is thwarted by judgements imposed on them by other people – what he called conditions of worth. He therefore emphasized the importance of affirming the worth of the client, who typically is not interrupted or questioned by the therapist. This is achieved by the exercise of three therapeutic attitudes:
- 1. Unconditional positive regard is established by showing the client that she is valued, no matter what.
- 2. Also essential to the Rogerian therapist is empathy – an emotional understanding of what the client is experiencing by seeing things from his point of view.
- 3. Finally, congruence between the therapist’s actions and feelings, sometimes called genuineness, is important in this form of therapy.
The Gestalt therapist may often be quite confrontational in forcing the client to focus on the here and now and deal honestly with his feelings. Indeed, according to one commentator, Perls ‘was often seen as inhumane in application of his technique’ (Cottone, 1992, p. 148).
How many significant components of a therapeutic alliance are there?- a)Three
- b)Five
- c)Four
- d)Two
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
How many significant components of a therapeutic alliance are there?
a)
Three
b)
Five
c)
Four
d)
Two
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
There are two major components of a therapeutic alliance. The first component is the contractual nature of the relationship in which two willing individuals, the client and the therapist, enter into a partnership that aims at helping the client overcome her/his problems. The second component of the therapeutic alliance is the limited duration of the therapy. This alliance lasts until the client becomes able to deal with her/his problems and take control of her/ his life.
Is psychotherapy effective? - a)Yes, definitely.
- b)Generally yes, but there are still some concerns.
- c)Generally no, but there are some exceptions.
- d)No, not at all.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Is psychotherapy effective?
a)
Yes, definitely.
b)
Generally yes, but there are still some concerns.
c)
Generally no, but there are some exceptions.
d)
No, not at all.
|
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Data certainly seem to point to the fact that psychotherapy is effective, but there are still some concerns. For example, some treated clients end up worse off than the average untreated client. So you might justifiably wonder whether psychotherapy can be harmful. It is estimated that about 5–10 per cent of clients deteriorate after psychotherapy, but the causes of such changes are poorly understood (Shapiro & Shapiro, 1982; Smith et al., 1980).
In addition to a bad therapist–client relationship and therapist incompetence (Hadley & Strupp, 1976; Smith et al., 1980), it is also possible that for some clients psychotherapy disrupts a stable pattern of functioning without offering a clear substitute (Hadley & Strupp, 1976). Clearly much remains to be learned if we are to answer the ‘ultimate question’ about psychotherapy: ‘What treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem, under what set of circumstances?’ (Paul, 1969, p. 44
In addition to a bad therapist–client relationship and therapist incompetence (Hadley & Strupp, 1976; Smith et al., 1980), it is also possible that for some clients psychotherapy disrupts a stable pattern of functioning without offering a clear substitute (Hadley & Strupp, 1976). Clearly much remains to be learned if we are to answer the ‘ultimate question’ about psychotherapy: ‘What treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem, under what set of circumstances?’ (Paul, 1969, p. 44
A very controversial treatment for severe depression is ____________. - a)Psychoanalysis
- b)Lobotomy
- c)Electroconvulsive therapy
- d)Aversion therapy
- e)Rational emotive therapy
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A very controversial treatment for severe depression is ____________.
a)
Psychoanalysis
b)
Lobotomy
c)
Electroconvulsive therapy
d)
Aversion therapy
e)
Rational emotive therapy
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Electroconvulsive therapy is very controversial for the treatment of severe depression; it includes several significant side effects including memory loss, disorientation, and possibly brain damage. Its effects are short term and it is unclear how it improves symptoms even in the short-term. Lobotomy is a form of psychosurgey very rarely used anymore. Psychoanalysis, aversion therapy and rational-emotive therapy are different types of psychotherapy that are not necessarily used to treat severe depression and are not particularly controversial.
What are the primary limitations of drug therapy to treat psychological disorders?- a)Not everyone responds to the drug
- b)Major side effects experienced by some patients
- c)Drug treatment does not help patients learn to cope with life experiences and stressors that contribute to the disorder
- d)There are no known limitations of drug therapy to treat psychological disorders
- e)(a), (b) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
What are the primary limitations of drug therapy to treat psychological disorders?
a)
Not everyone responds to the drug
b)
Major side effects experienced by some patients
c)
Drug treatment does not help patients learn to cope with life experiences and stressors that contribute to the disorder
d)
There are no known limitations of drug therapy to treat psychological disorders
e)
(a), (b) and (c)
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
While psychotropic drugs are useful for some psychological disorders and have improved the quality of life for many people, there are some obvious limitations to their use, including the first three mentioned above and therefore should be administered in conjunction with other forms of therapy.
In the placebo effect: - a)The patient shows an improvement after being treated with a relevant medicine.
- b)The patient’s condition deteriorates despite being treated with a relevant medicine.
- c)The patient shows an improvement after being treated with an inert substance.
- d)The patient’s condition deteriorates after being treated with an inert substance.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In the placebo effect:
a)
The patient shows an improvement after being treated with a relevant medicine.
b)
The patient’s condition deteriorates despite being treated with a relevant medicine.
c)
The patient shows an improvement after being treated with an inert substance.
d)
The patient’s condition deteriorates after being treated with an inert substance.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The placebo effect is a widely documented phenomenon in the treatment of various diseases from flu to heart disease. It has been shown that up to 70 per cent of patients actually demonstrate some real functional improvement after being treated with an inert substance (a placebo) such as a sugar pill.
Although it is generally recommended to begin with psychotherapy first to treat psychological disorders, for which group of patients would it be most beneficial to begin with drug treatments instead of psychotherapeutic treatments?- a)Drug abusers
- b)Suicidal
- c)Depressed
- d)Psychotic
- e)(b) and (d)
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Although it is generally recommended to begin with psychotherapy first to treat psychological disorders, for which group of patients would it be most beneficial to begin with drug treatments instead of psychotherapeutic treatments?
a)
Drug abusers
b)
Suicidal
c)
Depressed
d)
Psychotic
e)
(b) and (d)
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Suicidal patients and psychotic patients may be at greatest risk for self-harm and/or the least receptive to psychotherapy, and thus may benefit by drug treatments first to stabilise symptoms and ensure safety.
What type of transference is present when the client has feelings of hostility, anger, and resentment towards the therapist?- a)Negative
- b)Postive
- c)Neutral
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of transference is present when the client has feelings of hostility, anger, and resentment towards the therapist?
a)
Negative
b)
Postive
c)
Neutral
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Negative transference is present when the client has feelings of hostility, anger, and resentment towards the therapist. The process of transference is met with resistance.
Anti-psychotics can have some potent side-effects. But which of the following is NOT a major side-effect of these drugs? - a)Tardive dyskinesia.
- b)Blurred vision.
- c)Diarrhoea.
- d)Rabbit syndrome.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Anti-psychotics can have some potent side-effects. But which of the following is NOT a major side-effect of these drugs?
a)
Tardive dyskinesia.
b)
Blurred vision.
c)
Diarrhoea.
d)
Rabbit syndrome.
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Anti-psychotics can have potent side-effects, including constipation, blurred vision, restlessness and difficulty sitting still (akathisia), cardiac arrhythmia, diminished spontaneity and difficulty initiating usual activities (akinesia). Prolonged treatment can lead to ‘rabbit syndrome’ (rapid movement of the lips that mimics the chewing movement of rabbits). Prolonged use of anti-psychotics can result in tardive dyskinesia, ‘tardive’ meaning ‘late developing’ and ‘dyskinesia’ meaning ‘disturbance in movement’. This serious disorder is characterized by involuntary movements of the face, trunk or extremities.
Which is true? Behaviour therapy: - a)Is a mechanistic, impersonal procedure.
- b)Combines psychoanalytic and psychodynamic thinking.
- c)Is concerned with what the person does that causes distress.
- d)Focuses on early experiences rather than the ‘here and now’.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which is true? Behaviour therapy:
a)
Is a mechanistic, impersonal procedure.
b)
Combines psychoanalytic and psychodynamic thinking.
c)
Is concerned with what the person does that causes distress.
d)
Focuses on early experiences rather than the ‘here and now’.
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Just as behaviourism was a rejection of existing systems in psychology, behaviour therapy represented a rejection of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic thinking. Behaviour therapy is concerned with what the person does that causes distress. The problematic behaviour is seen to be learned, just like any other behaviour, and is not viewed as a symptom of an underlying ‘illness’.
The therapist uses techniques based on the principles of learning to change the maladaptive behaviour. Consistent with its roots in the work of Pavlov, Thorndike and Skinner, behaviour therapy is highly pragmatic and focuses on the ‘here and now’ rather than early experiences. And yet it would be a mistake to conclude that behaviour therapy is a completely mechanistic, impersonal procedure. Like other psychotherapists, behaviour therapists emphasize the need for a strong, supportive therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client in their work.
The therapist uses techniques based on the principles of learning to change the maladaptive behaviour. Consistent with its roots in the work of Pavlov, Thorndike and Skinner, behaviour therapy is highly pragmatic and focuses on the ‘here and now’ rather than early experiences. And yet it would be a mistake to conclude that behaviour therapy is a completely mechanistic, impersonal procedure. Like other psychotherapists, behaviour therapists emphasize the need for a strong, supportive therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client in their work.
Flooding, reciprocal inhibition and covert sensitization are examples of techniques used in which type of psychotherapy?- a)Cognitive therapy
- b)Behavioural therapy
- c)Humanistic therapy
- d)Family therapy
- e)(b) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Flooding, reciprocal inhibition and covert sensitization are examples of techniques used in which type of psychotherapy?
a)
Cognitive therapy
b)
Behavioural therapy
c)
Humanistic therapy
d)
Family therapy
e)
(b) and (c)
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Naina Sharma answered |
Behavioural therapy uses the techniques of flooding, reciprocal inhibition, and covert sensitization to treat psychological disorders, such as anxiety disorders. Cognitive, humanistic and family therapies do not rely on these techniques to treat psychological disorders.
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