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All questions of Introduction to AI: Foundational Concepts for Class 10 Exam

Which of the following is the very first humanoid robot?
  • a)
    Sophia
  • b)
    ASIMO
  • c)
    Pepper
  • d)
    Romeo
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Radha Iyer answered
The First Humanoid Robot: Sophia


  • Sophia is the very first humanoid robot among the options given.

  • Sophia was developed by Hanson Robotics and introduced to the public in 2016.

  • She is known for her human-like appearance and ability to express emotions.

  • Sophia has made numerous appearances at events around the world, including interviews and speeches.

  • She has been featured in various media outlets and has become a popular figure in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence.


Other Humanoid Robots


  • ASIMO is a humanoid robot developed by Honda.

  • ASIMO was introduced in 2000 and has been recognized for its advanced capabilities in mobility and interaction.

  • Pepper is a humanoid robot developed by SoftBank Robotics.

  • Pepper is designed to be a companion robot and is equipped with features for communication and interaction with humans.

  • Romeo is a humanoid robot developed by Aldebaran Robotics (now SoftBank Robotics).

  • Romeo was designed to assist elderly and disabled individuals in their daily activities.


Conclusion


  • Among the options given, Sophia is the first humanoid robot.

  • ASIMO, Pepper, and Romeo are also notable humanoid robots, but they were developed and introduced after Sophia.

  • Sophia's human-like appearance and expressive abilities have made her a prominent figure in the field of robotics.

Which of the following is not a virtual assistant?
  • a)
    Alexa
  • b)
    Cortana
  • c)
    Siri
  • d)
    Chatbot
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Amar dey answered
Chatbot is not a virtual assistant.

Chatbots are computer programs that are designed to simulate conversation with human users through text or voice interactions. They are typically used to provide customer support, answer frequently asked questions, or assist with basic tasks. However, chatbots do not possess the same level of intelligence and capabilities as virtual assistants.

Virtual assistants are advanced AI programs that are designed to perform tasks and provide information based on natural language commands and queries. They are capable of understanding and responding to voice commands, performing various tasks, and providing personalized assistance.

Examples of popular virtual assistants include:

Alexa: Developed by Amazon, Alexa is a virtual assistant that is primarily used with Amazon Echo devices. It can perform various tasks such as playing music, setting reminders, providing weather updates, and controlling smart home devices.

Cortana: Developed by Microsoft, Cortana is a virtual assistant that is integrated into Windows 10 and other Microsoft products. It can perform tasks such as setting reminders, managing calendars, searching the web, and providing personalized recommendations.

Siri: Developed by Apple, Siri is a virtual assistant that is primarily used with iOS devices. It can perform tasks such as making phone calls, sending text messages, setting reminders, searching the web, and providing information about weather, sports, and entertainment.

Summary:

Chatbots are computer programs that simulate conversation with human users, but they do not possess the same level of intelligence and capabilities as virtual assistants. Virtual assistants such as Alexa, Cortana, and Siri are advanced AI programs that can understand and respond to voice commands, perform various tasks, and provide personalized assistance.

Which of the following is not AI?
  • a)
    Humanoid robots
  • b)
    Self Driving Cars
  • c)
    An automated Air Conditioner
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
Explanation:
The correct answer is C: An automated Air Conditioner. Here's why:
Humanoid Robots:
- Humanoid robots are designed to resemble and perform tasks like humans.
- They use AI algorithms and technologies to sense and interact with the environment.
- They can learn and adapt to their surroundings, making them an example of AI.
Self-Driving Cars:
- Self-driving cars use AI algorithms and technologies, such as computer vision and machine learning, to navigate and operate without human intervention.
- They can sense the environment, make decisions, and control the vehicle based on the gathered data.
- They continuously learn and improve their driving capabilities, making them an example of AI.
An Automated Air Conditioner:
- While an automated air conditioner may have some level of automation and smart features, it does not typically utilize AI algorithms or technologies.
- Automated air conditioners primarily rely on pre-programmed settings and sensors to maintain desired temperature levels.
- They do not possess the ability to learn or adapt to changing conditions, making them an example of automation rather than AI.
In conclusion:
- Humanoid robots and self-driving cars are examples of AI as they utilize AI algorithms and technologies to perform tasks and adapt to their environment.
- An automated air conditioner, on the other hand, lacks the use of AI and primarily relies on pre-programmed settings and sensors for automation.

Amazon used a system for recruitment, created a situation in which many eligible females were left out of the consideration. This is called _________.
  • a)
    Misinterpretation of Data
  • b)
    Gender Bias
  • c)
    Problem of Inclusion
  • d)
    Data Privacy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohan Kapoor answered
The correct answer is:

- B: Gender Bias

Explanation:
- Gender bias refers to the unfair treatment of individuals based on their gender. In this scenario, Amazon's recruitment system inadvertently discriminated against females, leading to their exclusion from consideration.
- This bias can result from various factors within the recruitment process, such as the design of algorithms, job descriptions, or interview processes that unintentionally favor one gender over another.
- It is crucial for organizations to address and mitigate gender bias to ensure fair opportunities for all candidates.

Which of the following is an example of data science?
  • a)
    Social media websites
  • b)
    Price Comparison websites
  • c)
    Online Shopping websites
  • d)
    Blog web sites
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
Data Science Example: Price Comparison websites
Price comparison websites are an example of data science because they involve the use of data analysis techniques to gather and compare prices from various sources. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Data Collection:
- Price comparison websites collect data from different online retailers and sources.
- This data includes product information, prices, availability, and customer reviews.
- The websites use web scraping techniques to retrieve this information.
2. Data Processing:
- The collected data is processed and cleaned to remove any inconsistencies or errors.
- This involves data normalization, standardization, and deduplication.
- The processed data is stored in a structured format for efficient analysis.
3. Data Analysis:
- Data science techniques such as statistical analysis and machine learning are used to analyze the collected data.
- The websites utilize algorithms to compare prices and identify the best deals.
- They also provide visualizations and insights to help users make informed purchasing decisions.
4. Personalization:
- Price comparison websites often personalize their recommendations based on user preferences and historical data.
- They use collaborative filtering and recommendation algorithms to suggest relevant products to users.
- This enhances the user experience and increases the likelihood of finding the best deals.
5. Continuous Improvement:
- Data science techniques are continuously applied to improve the accuracy and efficiency of price comparison websites.
- They analyze user feedback and behavior to refine their algorithms and provide better recommendations.
- The websites also monitor market trends and adjust their data collection and analysis strategies accordingly.
Overall, price comparison websites exemplify the application of data science in collecting, processing, analyzing, and providing valuable insights to users for making informed purchasing decisions.

Which of the following is an example of a CV?
  • a)
    Self-driving cars
  • b)
    Smart Interactions
  • c)
    Face Locks
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

**All of these**

A CV, or curriculum vitae, is a document that provides a summary of a person's education, work experience, skills, and other relevant information related to their professional background. It is typically used when applying for a job or seeking academic opportunities.

In the given options, all of them can be examples of a CV:

**a) Self-driving cars:**
Even though self-driving cars may not seem like a traditional CV, they can indeed have a CV in the form of software or algorithms. Self-driving cars rely on complex computer programs and machine learning algorithms to analyze data, make decisions, and operate autonomously. These programs and algorithms can be seen as the "CV" of a self-driving car, as they contain information about the car's capabilities, training, and experiences that enable it to navigate the roads safely.

**b) Smart Interactions:**
Smart interactions refer to the technology and systems that allow devices to interact with humans in an intelligent and intuitive manner. This can include voice assistants like Siri or Alexa, chatbots, and other forms of artificial intelligence. In the case of smart interactions, the "CV" would be the underlying algorithms and data that enable the system to understand and respond to human input. These algorithms can be considered the "CV" as they contain information about the system's knowledge, abilities, and past interactions.

**c) Face Locks:**
Face locks, or facial recognition systems, are used to authenticate a person's identity based on their unique facial features. These systems capture and analyze facial patterns to determine if the person matches the stored data of an authorized user. In the context of face locks, the "CV" would be the database or model that contains information about different individuals' facial features and characteristics. This database acts as the "CV" by storing and comparing data to determine if a person is authorized to access a certain device or system.

In conclusion, all of the given options can be examples of a CV, as they involve the use of algorithms, data, or models that contain information about the capabilities, experiences, or characteristics necessary for their respective functions.

Which of the following translate digital visual data into descriptions then turned into the computer-readable language to aid the decision-making?
  • a)
    Computer Vision
  • b)
    PixelLab
  • c)
    Pixel It
  • d)
    Pixar
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Alisha nayar answered
Computer Vision

Computer Vision is the field of technology and science that focuses on enabling computers to understand and interpret visual information from images or videos. It involves the development of algorithms and techniques to extract meaningful data from digital visual inputs and convert them into a format that can be understood and processed by computers.

Translation of Digital Visual Data

One of the main tasks of computer vision is to translate digital visual data into descriptions that can be understood by computers. This process involves analyzing the pixels in an image or video to identify and extract relevant features and information. These features may include objects, shapes, colors, textures, or patterns present in the visual data.

Computer-Readable Language

Once the relevant features are extracted, computer vision algorithms convert them into a computer-readable language. This language is typically a set of numerical values or data structures that represent the visual information in a format that can be processed by a computer. For example, the extracted features may be represented as vectors, matrices, or other data structures that can be easily manipulated and analyzed using mathematical or statistical techniques.

Aiding Decision-Making

The ultimate goal of computer vision is to aid decision-making processes. By translating digital visual data into a computer-readable format, computer vision algorithms enable computers to analyze and interpret the information in a way that can support decision-making tasks. For example, computer vision can be used in various applications such as object recognition, facial recognition, image classification, video analysis, autonomous vehicles, and medical imaging.

Conclusion

In conclusion, computer vision is the field of technology and science that translates digital visual data into descriptions and then converts them into a computer-readable language. This process enables computers to understand and interpret visual information, which in turn aids decision-making in various applications and industries.

Which of the following can be a simple objective system that depends on human judgement?
  • a)
    Logical Decision
  • b)
    Logical Data
  • c)
    Logical Input
  • d)
    Logical Access
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

**Objective Systems and Human Judgment**

Objective systems are systems that rely on specific criteria or rules to make decisions or judgments. These systems are designed to be unbiased and based on logic or objective information rather than subjective human judgment. However, there are certain situations where a simple objective system can still depend on human judgment.

**Logical Decision**

A logical decision refers to a decision-making process that follows a logical and rational approach. It involves evaluating the available information, considering various factors, and applying logical reasoning to arrive at a conclusion. While logical decisions can often be made using objective criteria or data, there are situations where human judgment plays a crucial role.

**Examples of Simple Objective Systems that Depend on Human Judgment**

1. **Medical Diagnoses**: In the field of medicine, various tests and diagnostic tools provide objective data. However, the final diagnosis often requires the expertise and judgment of a healthcare professional. They consider the patient's symptoms, medical history, and other contextual factors to reach a logical decision regarding the diagnosis.

2. **Artistic Judgment**: When evaluating art, such as paintings or performances, there may be certain objective criteria like technique, composition, or skill. However, the final judgment on whether a piece is considered "good" or "bad" often depends on the subjective judgment of individuals who have expertise in that particular art form.

3. **Legal Decisions**: In a court of law, judges and juries are responsible for making decisions based on evidence presented by both parties. While the legal system follows certain objective rules and procedures, the final decision often depends on the judgment of the individuals involved.

4. **Design and Aesthetics**: When designing products or spaces, there may be objective criteria such as functionality or safety. However, the overall design and aesthetic appeal often require the judgment and expertise of designers who consider subjective factors like user preferences and cultural context.

**Conclusion**

In certain situations, a simple objective system can still depend on human judgment. This occurs when the decision-making process involves subjective factors, contextual information, or requires expertise in a specific domain. Human judgment adds a layer of subjectivity to the decision-making process, allowing for a more nuanced and comprehensive evaluation of the situation.

The full form of NLU is _____________
  • a)
    Natural Language Understanding
  • b)
    Natural Language Utilization
  • c)
    Natural Langauge Unity
  • d)
    Natural Language Union
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Sharma answered
The full form of NLU is Natural Language Understanding.
- Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language.
- NLU aims to enable computers to understand and interpret human language in a way that is meaningful and useful.
- It involves the development of algorithms and models that can process and analyze natural language data, such as text or speech, to extract relevant information and derive meaning from it.
- NLU systems often incorporate techniques from various fields, including linguistics, machine learning, and natural language processing (NLP).
- NLU is used in various applications, such as virtual assistants, chatbots, voice recognition systems, sentiment analysis, text classification, and information retrieval.
- By understanding natural language, computers can better communicate and interact with humans, leading to improved user experiences and more efficient information processing.

The major ethics concerns are
  • a)
    issues, situations, choices
  • b)
    decisions, speeches, actions
  • c)
    feelings, thoughts, expressionsA
  • d)
    ll of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ashwini das answered
Ethics concerns refer to the moral principles and values that guide individuals or groups in their behavior and decision-making. It involves analyzing and evaluating different issues, situations, and choices from an ethical perspective. The major ethics concerns can be categorized into the following aspects:

a) Issues, situations, choices:
This category includes the various problems, circumstances, or dilemmas that arise in different contexts and require ethical considerations. For example, issues related to human rights, social justice, environmental sustainability, and corporate responsibility all fall under this category. Ethical concerns in this context involve evaluating the consequences of actions, considering the rights and welfare of individuals or communities affected, and making choices that align with moral values.

b) Decisions, speeches, actions:
Ethical concerns also encompass the decisions, speeches, and actions taken by individuals or organizations. When making decisions, ethical considerations involve analyzing the potential impact on stakeholders, ensuring fairness and justice, and upholding integrity and honesty. Speeches and actions should also be ethical, reflecting respect for others, promoting inclusivity, and avoiding harm or discrimination.

c) Feelings, thoughts, expressions:
Ethics is not solely about external actions or decisions; it also encompasses internal aspects such as feelings, thoughts, and expressions. Ethical concerns in this regard involve self-reflection, introspection, and self-awareness. It includes being honest with oneself, examining one's motives and intentions, and ensuring that personal values align with ethical principles. Expressing oneself ethically involves respecting others' perspectives, engaging in constructive dialogue, and avoiding offensive or harmful language.

d) All of these:
The correct answer is option 'd', as all of these aspects are major ethics concerns. Ethical considerations are complex and multifaceted, encompassing a wide range of issues, decisions, actions, and internal processes. It is important to approach ethics comprehensively, taking into account the ethical dimensions of issues, the morality of decisions and actions, and the ethical responsibility individuals have towards themselves and others.

In conclusion, ethics concerns involve analyzing issues, situations, and choices, making ethical decisions and taking ethical actions, and examining internal aspects such as feelings, thoughts, and expressions. All of these aspects are important in ethical considerations and play a significant role in guiding individuals and organizations towards moral behavior and responsible decision-making.

Who is accountable for considering the system impact on the world?
  • a)
    The system
  • b)
    Only the developer
  • c)
    Only the company
  • d)
    Every person involved in the creation
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanvi sharma answered
Answer:

Every person involved in the creation of a system is accountable for considering its impact on the world. This includes not only the developers and the companies they work for but also all other stakeholders who are part of the system's design, development, implementation, and maintenance process.

Responsibility of the System:
The system itself plays a significant role in considering its impact on the world. The design and functionality of the system should be developed with the intention of minimizing negative consequences and maximizing positive outcomes. In other words, the system should be designed to be ethical, sustainable, and socially responsible.

Responsibility of the Developer:
Developers are responsible for ensuring that the system they create is designed and developed in a way that takes into consideration its impact on the world. This includes considering the potential social, economic, and environmental consequences of the system and making decisions that minimize harm and promote positive outcomes.

Responsibility of the Company:
The company or organization that employs the developers also shares the responsibility for considering the system's impact on the world. They should provide a supportive environment that encourages ethical decision-making and ensures that the system is developed in compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards.

Responsibility of Every Person Involved:
Every person involved in the creation of the system, including developers, designers, testers, project managers, and stakeholders, must take responsibility for considering the system's impact on the world. This requires a collaborative approach where all parties actively engage in discussions, share their perspectives, and consider the potential consequences of their actions.

Importance of Considering System Impact:
Considering the system's impact on the world is crucial because it helps prevent or minimize negative consequences such as privacy breaches, environmental damage, social inequality, and economic disparities. By taking a proactive approach and considering the system's impact from the initial stages of development, it becomes possible to identify potential risks and devise strategies to mitigate them.

In conclusion, every person involved in the creation of a system is accountable for considering its impact on the world. This collective responsibility ensures that ethical, sustainable, and socially responsible systems are developed, thereby minimizing harm and maximizing positive outcomes for individuals, communities, and the world as a whole.

If a smart self-driving car met an accident with a person on the road, who is responsible morally?
  • a)
    The car owner
  • b)
    The person
  • c)
    The developer
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?


Responsibility in the Event of an Accident Involving a Self-Driving Car

Responsibility in the event of an accident involving a self-driving car is a complex issue that raises questions about moral and legal accountability. Let's break down the possible parties that could be considered responsible:

Developer Responsibility
- The developer of the self-driving car holds a significant level of responsibility in the event of an accident. They are responsible for designing and programming the technology that controls the car's actions on the road. If the accident was caused by a flaw in the car's software or hardware, the developer could be held morally accountable for the consequences.

Car Owner Responsibility
- The owner of the self-driving car also shares some responsibility in the event of an accident. It is their duty to ensure that the car is properly maintained and functioning correctly. If the accident was caused by negligence on the part of the owner, such as failing to perform necessary updates or maintenance, they could be considered morally responsible for the outcome.

Person Involved in the Accident Responsibility
- The person who was involved in the accident also plays a role in determining responsibility. If the accident was caused by the person's actions, such as stepping out in front of the self-driving car without looking, they could be seen as morally responsible for the incident.

Conclusion
In conclusion, while all parties involved in an accident with a self-driving car may share some level of moral responsibility, the developer of the technology ultimately bears the most significant responsibility. They are responsible for ensuring that the self-driving car operates safely and effectively on the road, making them morally accountable for any accidents that occur due to faults in the technology.

The ability to communicate with others by understanding other people’s feelings influence of the person is known as __________ intelligence.
  • a)
    Naturalist Intelligence
  • b)
    Interpersonal intelligence
  • c)
    Intrapersonal Intelligence
  • d)
    Musical Intelligence
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira rane answered
The ability to communicate with others by understanding other people is a valuable skill that promotes effective and meaningful interactions. It involves more than just listening or speaking; it requires empathy, active listening, and the willingness to put oneself in another person's shoes.

Understanding others goes beyond merely comprehending their words. It involves interpreting non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice, to gain a deeper understanding of their emotions and intentions. This skill helps individuals connect with others on an emotional level, fostering better relationships, and minimizing misunderstandings.

By understanding others, we can better tailor our communication style to suit their needs. This ability allows us to adapt our language, tone, and message to ensure clarity and comprehension. It involves being mindful of cultural differences, personal experiences, and individual preferences, making the interaction more inclusive and respectful.

Furthermore, understanding others helps in conflict resolution and problem-solving. By comprehending different perspectives and viewpoints, we can find common ground and explore mutually beneficial solutions. This skill promotes collaboration, cooperation, and teamwork, leading to more efficient and successful outcomes.

The ability to communicate by understanding others also enhances leadership skills. Leaders who empathize with their team members can motivate and inspire them effectively. They can address concerns, provide support, and create a positive work environment where everyone feels valued and heard.

Overall, the ability to communicate by understanding others is crucial for building strong relationships, resolving conflicts, and fostering effective teamwork. It requires active listening, empathy, and a genuine desire to connect with others. By honing this skill, individuals can enhance their personal and professional relationships, creating a more harmonious and inclusive environment.

Which of the following is an example of NLP?
  • a)
    Online translators
  • b)
    Email filters
  • c)
    Smart Assistants
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Seema joshi answered
NLP or Natural Language Processing is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans using natural language. NLP helps computers understand, interpret, and generate human language. The following are examples of NLP:

Online Translators:
Online translators are tools that help users translate text from one language to another. These tools use NLP techniques to identify the language of the input text, translate it, and provide the output in the desired language. NLP algorithms analyze the input text and use statistical models to generate the most accurate translation possible.

Email Filters:
Email filters are tools that use NLP techniques to classify incoming emails into different categories such as spam, promotions, or important. These filters analyze the content of the email, including the subject line, body, and sender, to determine the appropriate category. NLP algorithms help these filters identify patterns in the content of the email to accurately categorize them.

Smart Assistants:
Smart assistants such as Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant use NLP techniques to understand user queries and provide relevant responses. These assistants use speech recognition to convert the user's spoken language into text, which is then analyzed using NLP algorithms to understand the user's intent. They then provide a response using text-to-speech technology.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, NLP is a critical technology that enables computers to understand and interpret human language. Online translators, email filters, and smart assistants are all examples of how NLP is being used in real-world applications.

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