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All questions of Agriculture and Food Management for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

Consider the following pairs:
1. National Food Security Act: Provides legal right to subsidized foodgrains for about 82 crore people
2. PM-KISAN:  the government transfers ₹6,000 annually,directly to the bank accounts of all landholding farmers, regardless of the size of their land holdings.
3. Food Processing: Includes processes from basic cleaning to value addition like bakery products and instant foods
4. Climate Smart Agriculture: Aims to guide actions to transform agricultural systems under changing climate conditions
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    All four pairs
  • d)
    Only three pairs
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ias Masters answered
  • Pair 1 (National Food Security Act): Correct. The National Food Security Act (NFSA) provides a legal right to subsidized foodgrains to approximately 82 crore (820 million) people in India.
  • Pair 2 (PM-KISAN): Incorrect. Under PM-KISAN, ₹6,000 is transferred annually to the bank accounts of small and marginal farmers, not all landholding farmers, as there are eligibility restrictions based on landholding size.
  • Pair 3 (Food Processing): Correct. Food processing includes a wide range of processes from basic cleaning and preservation to advanced value addition, such as making bakery products and instant foods.
  • Pair 4 (Climate Smart Agriculture): Correct. Climate Smart Agriculture aims to transform agricultural systems to be more resilient and sustainable under changing climate conditions.
Therefore, only three pairs (1, 3, and 4) are correctly matched

Consider the following statements regarding land reforms in India:
1. The abolition of intermediaries completely removed the Zamindari, Mahalwari, and Ryotwari systems.
2. Tenancy reforms successfully covered 14.4% of India's total operated areas by 1992.
3. Land consolidation efforts were mainly successful in regions that experienced the Green Revolution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kaur answered
Understanding Land Reforms in India
Land reforms in India aimed to address historical inequalities in land ownership and improve agricultural productivity. Let's analyze the statements provided:
1. Abolition of Intermediaries
- The abolition of intermediaries was a significant reform that aimed to eliminate the zamindari system, which involved intermediaries between the government and the actual cultivators.
- However, this did not completely remove the zamindari, mahalwari, and ryotwari systems, as these systems still exist in different forms in various states.
- Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
2. Tenancy Reforms Coverage
- Tenancy reforms aimed to improve the rights of tenants and ensure security of tenure.
- By 1992, these reforms covered only 14.4% of India's total operated areas, indicating limited success in implementation.
- Thus, this statement is correct.
3. Land Consolidation and the Green Revolution
- Land consolidation was an effort to merge fragmented landholdings to improve agricultural efficiency.
- The regions that experienced the Green Revolution, particularly in states like Punjab and Haryana, had successful land consolidation efforts, leading to enhanced agricultural productivity.
- Thus, this statement is correct.
Conclusion
- Based on the analysis, the correct statements are 2 and 3. Therefore, the correct answer is option C (1 and 3 only).
- The first statement is incorrect, while the second and third statements are accurate, highlighting the complex nature of land reforms in India.

 Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The National Food Security Mission aims to increase production through area expansion.
ii. This programme was launched to enhance the production of rice, wheat and pulses.
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Explanation:

The correct answer is option C - both statements are correct.

The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is a government initiative launched in 2007 to increase the production of rice, wheat, and pulses in India. The main objective of the mission is to increase the production of these essential food crops and thereby ensure food security for the country. Let's analyze the given statements to understand why they are both correct.

i. The National Food Security Mission aims to increase production through area expansion.

This statement is correct. One of the key strategies of the National Food Security Mission is to increase production through area expansion. This means that the mission focuses on increasing the cultivation of rice, wheat, and pulses by promoting the expansion of the agricultural area dedicated to these crops. By increasing the area under cultivation, the aim is to boost production and meet the growing demand for food in the country.

ii. This programme was launched to enhance the production of rice, wheat, and pulses.

This statement is also correct. The National Food Security Mission was specifically launched to enhance the production of rice, wheat, and pulses. These three crops are crucial for food security in India as they form the staple diet for a significant portion of the population. By focusing on these crops, the mission aims to increase their production and ensure their availability to the people at affordable prices.

Overall, the National Food Security Mission is a government initiative aimed at increasing the production of rice, wheat, and pulses in India. It seeks to achieve this goal through strategies like area expansion. By increasing production, the mission aims to enhance food security and ensure the availability of these essential food crops to the people of the country.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme.
ii. It enhances water-use efficiency by adopting different irrigation methods.
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
The correct answer is option 'C' - both. Both statements i and ii are correct.

Explanation:

The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at enhancing water-use efficiency by adopting different irrigation methods. Let's break down each statement to understand them better:

i. The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme:
- The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is indeed a centrally sponsored scheme. Centrally sponsored schemes are those schemes that are implemented by the central government but are funded partly by the central government and partly by the state government.
- In the case of the National Mission on Micro Irrigation, the central government provides financial assistance to the state governments to implement the scheme.

ii. It enhances water-use efficiency by adopting different irrigation methods:
- The main objective of the National Mission on Micro Irrigation is to enhance water-use efficiency in agriculture.
- This is achieved by adopting different irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
- Drip irrigation involves the application of water directly to the roots of plants, reducing water wastage through evaporation and runoff.
- Sprinkler irrigation involves spraying water over the fields, mimicking natural rainfall and reducing water wastage.
- By promoting these efficient irrigation methods, the scheme aims to reduce water consumption in agriculture and ensure the sustainable use of water resources.

In conclusion, both statements i and ii are correct. The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme that aims to enhance water-use efficiency in agriculture by adopting different irrigation methods.

Which of the following is a new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana?
  • a)
    Integrated development of pulses village in rainfed areas.
  • b)
    Vegetable initiative for urban clusters.
  • c)
    National mission for protein supplements.
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Integrated development of pulses village in rainfed areas
- The integrated development of pulses village in rainfed areas is a new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
- This sub-scheme aims to promote and support the cultivation of pulses in rainfed areas of the country.
- Pulses are an important source of protein and play a significant role in ensuring food security and nutrition in India.
- The sub-scheme focuses on increasing the productivity and production of pulses in rainfed areas by providing necessary infrastructure, technical support, and financial assistance to farmers.
- It aims to enhance the income of farmers engaged in pulse cultivation and improve their overall livelihoods.
- The sub-scheme also includes measures to promote the use of improved production technologies, efficient water management practices, and integrated pest and disease management.
- It aims to create a conducive environment for the cultivation of pulses by addressing various challenges such as the availability of quality seeds, access to credit, market linkages, and post-harvest management.
- The sub-scheme also emphasizes capacity building and training of farmers to adopt modern agricultural practices and technologies for pulse cultivation.
- It encourages the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that conserve natural resources, promote soil health, and reduce the use of chemical inputs.
- The sub-scheme is implemented through a partnership approach involving various stakeholders including farmers, agricultural institutions, research organizations, and private sector entities.
- It is expected to contribute to the government's efforts towards doubling farmers' income and achieving self-sufficiency in pulses production.

Vegetable initiative for urban clusters
- The vegetable initiative for urban clusters is another new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
- This sub-scheme aims to promote the cultivation of vegetables in urban areas and peri-urban areas.
- It recognizes the growing demand for fresh and nutritious vegetables in urban centers and aims to increase their availability through local production.
- The sub-scheme focuses on promoting rooftop and vertical farming, hydroponics, and other innovative cultivation techniques suitable for urban spaces.
- It aims to encourage urban residents, especially women and youth, to take up vegetable cultivation as a source of income and employment.
- The sub-scheme provides support in terms of training, technical guidance, and financial assistance to individuals, self-help groups, and organizations involved in vegetable cultivation in urban clusters.
- It also focuses on creating market linkages and establishing direct marketing channels between urban farmers and consumers.
- The sub-scheme aims to improve the availability and affordability of fresh and hygienic vegetables in urban areas, thereby contributing to food security and nutrition.
- It also promotes the utilization of organic farming practices and sustainable agricultural technologies in urban vegetable cultivation.
- The sub-scheme is implemented through a partnership approach involving urban local bodies, horticulture departments, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders.

National mission for protein supplements
- The national mission for protein supplements is yet another new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
- This sub-scheme aims to address the protein deficiency in the diets of the Indian population, especially among vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly.
- It recognizes the importance of protein in human nutrition and the need to enhance its availability through various sources.
- The sub-scheme focuses on promoting the production and consumption of protein-rich crops such as pulses, oilseeds, millets, and animal-based protein

Which of the following state is/are included under the Oil Palm Development Programme under ISOPOM ?
  • a)
    Tamil Nadu
  • b)
    Gujarat
  • c)
    Tripura
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Asha Chopra answered
Oil Palm Development Programme under ISOPOM:

The Oil Palm Development Programme is a part of the Integrated Scheme for Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM) launched by the Government of India in 2014-15. The main objective of the programme is to increase the production of oil palm and make India self-sufficient in edible oils.

Under the Oil Palm Development Programme, the government provides financial assistance to farmers for setting up oil palm plantations. The scheme also provides support for research and development activities, extension services, and marketing of oil palm products.

States included under the Oil Palm Development Programme:

All the above-mentioned states, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Tripura, are included under the Oil Palm Development Programme. The government has identified certain areas in these states as suitable for oil palm cultivation and is encouraging farmers to take up oil palm plantation as a means of livelihood.

Benefits of Oil Palm Development Programme:

The Oil Palm Development Programme has several benefits, such as:

- Increase in the production of palm oil, which is a major source of edible oil.
- Improvement in the income of farmers, as oil palm is a high-value cash crop.
- Creation of employment opportunities in rural areas, as oil palm plantation requires a significant amount of labor.
- Reduction in the country's dependence on imports of edible oils.
- Promotion of sustainable agriculture practices, as oil palm is a low-input and high-output crop.

Conclusion:

The Oil Palm Development Programme under ISOPOM is a significant initiative by the government to increase the production of palm oil in the country. The inclusion of Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Tripura under the scheme is a step towards achieving self-sufficiency in edible oils and improving the livelihoods of farmers in these states.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana provides food security to the poorest families
ii. It includes a new category other than BPL and APL in the PDS
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Introduction:
The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is a government scheme aimed at providing food security to the poorest families in India. It is a part of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and was launched in December 2000.

Statement i: The Antyodaya Anna Yojana provides food security to the poorest families
This statement is correct. The primary objective of the Antyodaya Anna Yojana is to provide food security to the poorest families in India. Under this scheme, eligible households are provided highly subsidized food grains through the PDS. The scheme targets the poorest of the poor by identifying and including them as beneficiaries.

Statement ii: It includes a new category other than BPL and APL in the PDS
This statement is also correct. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana introduced a new category in the PDS, in addition to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) categories. This new category is called Antyodaya households and is specifically aimed at providing food security to the poorest families who were not covered under the BPL category.

Conclusion:
Both the statements given are correct. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana provides food security to the poorest families and it includes a new category called Antyodaya households in addition to the BPL and APL categories in the PDS. This scheme has been instrumental in ensuring that the most vulnerable sections of society have access to affordable and nutritious food grains.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Horticulture Mission
ii.All the states are covered under the NHM
  • a)
    i only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Statement i: The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Horticulture Mission
The statement is correct. The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for implementing various agricultural programs and schemes in India. One of the schemes implemented by the Ministry is the National Horticulture Mission (NHM). NHM aims to promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector, including fruits, vegetables, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, and mushrooms. It provides support for the establishment of orchards, nurseries, post-harvest infrastructure, and marketing facilities. The Ministry plays a crucial role in the implementation and monitoring of NHM, ensuring the effective utilization of funds and achieving the objectives of the mission.

Statement ii: All the states are covered under the NHM
The statement is incorrect. While NHM covers a significant number of states in India, it does not cover all states. The mission is implemented in a decentralized manner, and states have the flexibility to prioritize and choose the horticulture crops and activities to be covered under the mission. Each state prepares its own perspective plan and annual action plan based on the specific needs and potential of horticulture in their region. The central government provides financial assistance to the states based on their proposals and progress reports. Therefore, the coverage of NHM varies from state to state, depending on their participation and commitment towards horticulture development.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis above, the correct statement is i) The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Horticulture Mission.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Industrial Policy of 1948 was the first industrial policy statement by the Government
ii. It gave leading role to the private sector
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhishek Das answered
Industrial Policy of 1948

The Industrial Policy of 1948 was an important policy statement made by the Government of India shortly after independence. This policy laid the foundation for the industrial development of the country and aimed to promote economic growth, reduce poverty, and achieve self-reliance.

Statement i: The Industrial Policy of 1948 was the first industrial policy statement by the Government

This statement is correct. The Industrial Policy of 1948 was indeed the first comprehensive policy statement on industrial development made by the Government of India. It was a significant step towards shaping the industrial framework of the country.

Statement ii: It gave a leading role to the private sector

This statement is incorrect. The Industrial Policy of 1948 did not explicitly give a leading role to the private sector. Instead, it emphasized a mixed economy approach, where both the public and private sectors were expected to play a significant role in industrial development.

The policy recognized the importance of private enterprise and aimed to encourage private investment in the industrial sector. It emphasized the need to create a conducive environment for private entrepreneurs to thrive and contribute to the overall industrial growth of the nation.

However, the policy also recognized the role of the state in promoting industrial development. It acknowledged that certain industries, especially those of strategic importance or requiring large investments, would be taken up by the state. The state was expected to provide infrastructure, capital, and technical support to private enterprises, particularly in areas where private investment was lacking.

The Industrial Policy of 1948 also focused on the need for balanced regional development and the promotion of cottage and small-scale industries. It aimed to decentralize industrial growth and ensure equitable distribution of economic opportunities across different regions and sections of society.

In conclusion, while the Industrial Policy of 1948 did not explicitly give a leading role to the private sector, it recognized the importance of private enterprise and aimed to create a conducive environment for its growth. The policy emphasized a mixed economy approach, where both the public and private sectors were expected to contribute to the industrial development of the country.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. As per the 1948 policy, six industries were under the mixed sector
ii. New units could be set up by the private sector
  • a)
    i only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikhil Kapoor answered
Understanding the 1948 Policy on Mixed Sector Industries
The 1948 policy regarding mixed sector industries in India is a significant part of the country’s industrial development strategy. Let’s break down the statements provided:
Statement I: Six Industries in the Mixed Sector
- The 1948 policy indeed classified certain industries under the mixed sector.
- These industries were a blend of public and private sector participation.
- The six key industries listed included sectors critical to the economy, such as defense and heavy machinery.
Statement II: New Units by the Private Sector
- This statement is correct as well.
- The policy allowed the private sector to set up new units in the mixed sector, facilitating entrepreneurship and investment.
- This strategic inclusion aimed to promote growth, competition, and technological advancements in various industries.
Correct Answer Explanation
- Both statements are accurate, but the question specifically asks for the right ones.
- Since statement I mentions the six industries but does not specify which ones, it lacks completeness.
- Thus, statement II stands out as a clear and affirmative point.
Conclusion
- Given the accuracy of statement II and the partial nature of statement I, the correct choice is option 'A' (i only).
- This understanding reflects the balance the 1948 policy sought between public enterprise and private initiative, forming the foundation of India’s mixed economy approach.
By analyzing these statements, we can appreciate the historical context and implications of the 1948 policy on India's industrial landscape.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. NABARD provides consultancy service.
ii. NABARD supervises rural financial institutions
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikhil Saini answered
i. NABARD provides consultancy service.
  • This statement is correct. NABARD offers consultancy services in various fields such as agriculture, rural development, and other areas related to its functions and mandate.
ii. NABARD supervises rural financial institutions.
  • This statement is also correct. NABARD supervises Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks to ensure their proper functioning and to strengthen the rural financial system.
Given that both statements are correct, the right answer is:
         3. both

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