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Consider the following statements.1. Ozone absorbs sunlight, causing the characteristic decrease in temperature with increase in altitude in the stratosphere
2. The vortex is a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines the ozone depletion in the Antarctic regionWhich of these statements is/are not correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both 1 and 2
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Ozone absorbs sunlight, causing the characteristic decrease in temperature with increase in altitude in the stratosphere
2. The vortex is a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines the ozone depletion in the Antarctic region
2. The vortex is a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines the ozone depletion in the Antarctic region
Which of these statements is/are not correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
Neither of them
|
Disha Desai answered |
Explanation:
1. Ozone absorbs sunlight, causing the characteristic decrease in temperature with increase in altitude in the stratosphere:
This statement is correct. Ozone is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms (O3) and is found in the Earth's stratosphere. Ozone molecules in the stratosphere absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, which causes a temperature increase in the ozone layer. This absorption of UV radiation by ozone prevents most of it from reaching the Earth's surface, protecting life on Earth from harmful UV radiation.
As altitude increases in the stratosphere, the concentration of ozone decreases. This decrease in ozone concentration leads to a decrease in temperature because there are fewer ozone molecules to absorb the sunlight and convert it into heat. Therefore, the characteristic decrease in temperature with increasing altitude in the stratosphere is caused by ozone absorbing sunlight.
2. The vortex is a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines the ozone depletion in the Antarctic region:
This statement is not correct. The vortex is not a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines ozone depletion in the Antarctic region. The correct term for this phenomenon is the "ozone hole."
The ozone hole is a region of exceptionally low ozone concentration in the stratosphere over the Antarctic during the Southern Hemisphere's spring (September to November). It is not caused by a vortex, but rather by chemical reactions involving man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These substances are released into the atmosphere and eventually reach the stratosphere, where they break down ozone molecules.
The formation of the ozone hole is influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of polar stratospheric clouds, low temperatures, and the unique atmospheric circulation patterns over the Antarctic. The "polar vortex" is a term used to describe the strong, persistent winds that encircle the polar regions, including the Antarctic. It is not the cause of the ozone hole but can contribute to its formation by isolating the Antarctic region and preventing the exchange of air with the rest of the atmosphere.
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as ozone absorbs sunlight, causing the characteristic decrease in temperature with increasing altitude in the stratosphere. However, statement 2 is not correct as the vortex does not confine ozone depletion in the Antarctic region. The correct term for the phenomenon is the "ozone hole," which is primarily caused by chemical reactions involving ozone-depleting substances and is influenced by various atmospheric factors.
1. Ozone absorbs sunlight, causing the characteristic decrease in temperature with increase in altitude in the stratosphere:
This statement is correct. Ozone is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms (O3) and is found in the Earth's stratosphere. Ozone molecules in the stratosphere absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, which causes a temperature increase in the ozone layer. This absorption of UV radiation by ozone prevents most of it from reaching the Earth's surface, protecting life on Earth from harmful UV radiation.
As altitude increases in the stratosphere, the concentration of ozone decreases. This decrease in ozone concentration leads to a decrease in temperature because there are fewer ozone molecules to absorb the sunlight and convert it into heat. Therefore, the characteristic decrease in temperature with increasing altitude in the stratosphere is caused by ozone absorbing sunlight.
2. The vortex is a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines the ozone depletion in the Antarctic region:
This statement is not correct. The vortex is not a ring of rapidly circulating air that confines ozone depletion in the Antarctic region. The correct term for this phenomenon is the "ozone hole."
The ozone hole is a region of exceptionally low ozone concentration in the stratosphere over the Antarctic during the Southern Hemisphere's spring (September to November). It is not caused by a vortex, but rather by chemical reactions involving man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These substances are released into the atmosphere and eventually reach the stratosphere, where they break down ozone molecules.
The formation of the ozone hole is influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of polar stratospheric clouds, low temperatures, and the unique atmospheric circulation patterns over the Antarctic. The "polar vortex" is a term used to describe the strong, persistent winds that encircle the polar regions, including the Antarctic. It is not the cause of the ozone hole but can contribute to its formation by isolating the Antarctic region and preventing the exchange of air with the rest of the atmosphere.
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as ozone absorbs sunlight, causing the characteristic decrease in temperature with increasing altitude in the stratosphere. However, statement 2 is not correct as the vortex does not confine ozone depletion in the Antarctic region. The correct term for the phenomenon is the "ozone hole," which is primarily caused by chemical reactions involving ozone-depleting substances and is influenced by various atmospheric factors.
Consider the following statements.1. The rate at which ozone is being destroyed is much faster than the rate at which it is being formed.
2. The best example of such an Ozone Depletion is the atmosphere over the Antarctic which has only about 50 per cent of the ozone that originally occurred there.Which of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both 1 and 2
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. The rate at which ozone is being destroyed is much faster than the rate at which it is being formed.
2. The best example of such an Ozone Depletion is the atmosphere over the Antarctic which has only about 50 per cent of the ozone that originally occurred there.
2. The best example of such an Ozone Depletion is the atmosphere over the Antarctic which has only about 50 per cent of the ozone that originally occurred there.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
Neither of them
|
Arun Khatri answered |
The equilibrium between the formation and destruction of ozone, has been upset by the influx of several substances into the atmosphere which reacts with ozone and destroys it.
- The rate at which ozone is being destroyed is much faster than the rate at which it is being formed.
- It implies that there is a significant decrease in the concentration of ozone in a particular region of the atmosphere, hence the name ‘Ozone Depletion’.
- The best example of such an Ozone Depletion is the atmosphere over the Antarctic which has only about 50 per cent of the ozone that originally occurred there. The actual realization of ozone-depletion came only in 1985.
Consider the following statements about the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).1. CFCs molecules are made up of calcium, fluorine and carbon.
2. Unlike other chemicals, CFCs cannot be eliminated from the atmosphere by the usual scavenging processes like photodissociation, rain-out and oxidation.Which of these statements is/are not correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both of them
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
1. CFCs molecules are made up of calcium, fluorine and carbon.
2. Unlike other chemicals, CFCs cannot be eliminated from the atmosphere by the usual scavenging processes like photodissociation, rain-out and oxidation.
2. Unlike other chemicals, CFCs cannot be eliminated from the atmosphere by the usual scavenging processes like photodissociation, rain-out and oxidation.
Which of these statements is/are not correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Arun Khatri answered |
- CFCs molecules are made up of chlorine, fluorine and carbon. Where it is used? They are used as refrigerants, propellants in aerosol sprays, foaming agents in plastic manufacturing, fire extinguishing agents, solvents for cleaning electronic and metallic components, for freezing foods etc.
- Two-thirds of CFC is used as refrigerants while one-third is used as blowing agents in foam insulation products.
- The residence time of CFCs in the atmosphere is estimated to be between 40 and 150 years. During this period, the CFCs move upwards by random diffusion, from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The escape of CFCs The CFCs enter into the atmosphere by gradual evaporation from their source.
Bromine containing compounds are1. Halons2. HBFCs, i.e. hydrobromo fluorocarbonsWhich of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both of them
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Bromine containing compounds are
1. Halons
2. HBFCs, i.e. hydrobromo fluorocarbons
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Arun Khatri answered |
- Bromine contains compounds called halons and HBFCs, i.e. hydrobromo fluorocarbons [both used in fire extinguishers and methyl bromide (a widely used pesticide)].
- Each bromine atom destroys hundreds of more ozone molecules than what a chlorine atom does. The BrO further reacts with chlorine monoxide (ClO) to give oxygen (O2) and free atoms of bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl). These free atoms can further react with ozone.
Which of the following are the effects of ocean acidification.1. It leads to the lowering of ocean pH.
2. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the ocean increases.
3. The oceans become more alkaline.
4. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases.Which of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1, 2 and 3
- d)1, 2 and 4
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are the effects of ocean acidification.
1. It leads to the lowering of ocean pH.
2. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the ocean increases.
3. The oceans become more alkaline.
4. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases.
2. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the ocean increases.
3. The oceans become more alkaline.
4. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1, 2 and 3
d)
1, 2 and 4
|
Nitin Unni answered |
Effects of Ocean Acidification:
Ocean acidification is a process in which the pH of the ocean decreases, leading to several significant effects on marine ecosystems.
1. Lowering of ocean pH:
- One of the primary effects of ocean acidification is the lowering of ocean pH.
- As more carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, the pH decreases, making the water more acidic.
2. Concentration of hydrogen ions increases:
- With the increase in carbon dioxide levels, more hydrogen ions are released into the ocean water.
- This increase in hydrogen ions contributes to the acidification of the ocean.
3. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases:
- As the ocean becomes more acidic, the concentration of carbonate ions decreases.
- This can have detrimental effects on marine organisms that rely on carbonate ions to build their shells and skeletons.
Therefore, the correct statements regarding the effects of ocean acidification are:
- 1. It leads to the lowering of ocean pH.
- 2. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the ocean increases.
- 4. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases.
Hence, option 'D' - 1, 2, and 4 is the correct answer.
Ocean acidification is a process in which the pH of the ocean decreases, leading to several significant effects on marine ecosystems.
1. Lowering of ocean pH:
- One of the primary effects of ocean acidification is the lowering of ocean pH.
- As more carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, the pH decreases, making the water more acidic.
2. Concentration of hydrogen ions increases:
- With the increase in carbon dioxide levels, more hydrogen ions are released into the ocean water.
- This increase in hydrogen ions contributes to the acidification of the ocean.
3. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases:
- As the ocean becomes more acidic, the concentration of carbonate ions decreases.
- This can have detrimental effects on marine organisms that rely on carbonate ions to build their shells and skeletons.
Therefore, the correct statements regarding the effects of ocean acidification are:
- 1. It leads to the lowering of ocean pH.
- 2. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the ocean increases.
- 4. Concentration of carbonate ions decreases.
Hence, option 'D' - 1, 2, and 4 is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements about the effects of ocean acidification.1. Increases in atmospheric CO2 levels lead to a decrease in pH level, an increase in the concentration of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions, causing a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions.
2. Carbonate ions are less available and calcification is harder to achieve.Which of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both of them
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about the effects of ocean acidification.
1. Increases in atmospheric CO2 levels lead to a decrease in pH level, an increase in the concentration of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions, causing a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions.
2. Carbonate ions are less available and calcification is harder to achieve.
2. Carbonate ions are less available and calcification is harder to achieve.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Arun Khatri answered |
- Carbonate ions are essential to the calcification process that allows certain marine organisms to build their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons (e.g. hard tropical corals, cold-water corals, molluscs, crustaceans, sea urchins, certain types of plankton, lobsters, etc).
- However, increases in atmospheric CO2 levels lead to a decrease in pH level, an increase in the concentration of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions, causing a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions.
- Thus carbonate ions are less available and calcification is, therefore, harder to achieve, and maybe prevented altogether. Imagine trying to build a house while someone keeps stealing your bricks.
Consider the following statements about the influence of eutrophication on ocean acidification.1. Eutrophication leads to large plankton blooms, and these blooms collapse and sink to the sea bed
2. The subsequent respiration of bacteria decomposing the algae leads to a decrease in seawater oxygen and an increase in CO2Which of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both of them
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about the influence of eutrophication on ocean acidification.
1. Eutrophication leads to large plankton blooms, and these blooms collapse and sink to the sea bed
2. The subsequent respiration of bacteria decomposing the algae leads to a decrease in seawater oxygen and an increase in CO2
2. The subsequent respiration of bacteria decomposing the algae leads to a decrease in seawater oxygen and an increase in CO2
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Arun Khatri answered |
Various factors can locally influence the chemical reactions of CO2 with seawater and add to the effects of ocean acidification. For example:
- Acid rain can have a pH between 1 and 6 and has an impact on surface ocean chemistry. It has a major effect on ocean acidification locally and regionally but very small globally.
- Eutrophication Coastal waters are also affected by excess nutrient inputs, mostly nitrogen, from agriculture, fertilizers and sewage. The resulting eutrophication leads to large plankton blooms, and when these blooms collapse and sink to the sea bed the subsequent respiration of bacteria decomposing the algae leads to a decrease in seawater oxygen and an increase in CO2 (a decline in pH).
Which of the following measures can mitigate the effects of ocean acidification?1. Reducing CO2
2. Promoting government policies to cap CO2 emissions
3. Eliminate offshore drillingWhich of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1 and 3 only
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following measures can mitigate the effects of ocean acidification?
1. Reducing CO2
2. Promoting government policies to cap CO2 emissions
3. Eliminate offshore drilling
2. Promoting government policies to cap CO2 emissions
3. Eliminate offshore drilling
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Arun Khatri answered |
Mitigation
- Reducing CO2
- Promoting government policies to cap CO2 emissions
- Eliminate offshore drilling
- By advocating for energy efficiency
- Alternative energy sources such as wind power, solar, etc.
Chapter doubts & questions for Ocean Acidification - Environment & Additional Topics for State PSC Exams 2025 is part of BPSC (Bihar) exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the BPSC (Bihar) exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for BPSC (Bihar) 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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