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Which among the following is not a type of system call?- a)Process Control
- b)File Management
- c)BIOS
- d)Device Management
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the following is not a type of system call?
a)
Process Control
b)
File Management
c)
BIOS
d)
Device Management
|
Abhay Chawla answered |
System Calls
System calls are the interface between the user level programs and the operating system. System calls are used by the user level programs to request the services of the kernel. The kernel then provides the requested service and returns the result to the user level program.
Types of System Calls
There are various types of system calls based on the services they provide. They are:
1. Process Control: These system calls are used to create, manage and terminate processes. Examples include fork(), exec(), wait(), etc.
2. File Management: These system calls are used to create, open, read, write, close, delete, and manipulate files. Examples include open(), read(), write(), close(), etc.
3. Device Management: These system calls are used to control and communicate with the devices attached to the system. Examples include read(), write(), ioctl(), etc.
4. Memory Management: These system calls are used to allocate and deallocate memory to the processes. Examples include malloc(), free(), etc.
5. Network Management: These system calls are used to establish, maintain and terminate network connections. Examples include socket(), bind(), connect(), etc.
Among the given options, BIOS is not a type of system call. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a firmware interface that initializes and tests hardware components during the boot process and provides runtime services to the operating system and applications.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C'.
System calls are the interface between the user level programs and the operating system. System calls are used by the user level programs to request the services of the kernel. The kernel then provides the requested service and returns the result to the user level program.
Types of System Calls
There are various types of system calls based on the services they provide. They are:
1. Process Control: These system calls are used to create, manage and terminate processes. Examples include fork(), exec(), wait(), etc.
2. File Management: These system calls are used to create, open, read, write, close, delete, and manipulate files. Examples include open(), read(), write(), close(), etc.
3. Device Management: These system calls are used to control and communicate with the devices attached to the system. Examples include read(), write(), ioctl(), etc.
4. Memory Management: These system calls are used to allocate and deallocate memory to the processes. Examples include malloc(), free(), etc.
5. Network Management: These system calls are used to establish, maintain and terminate network connections. Examples include socket(), bind(), connect(), etc.
Among the given options, BIOS is not a type of system call. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a firmware interface that initializes and tests hardware components during the boot process and provides runtime services to the operating system and applications.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C'.
The part of the memory of a computer from which instructions are executed is:- a)Secondary storage
- b)Main storage
- c)RAM
- d)CPU
- e)None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The part of the memory of a computer from which instructions are executed is:
a)
Secondary storage
b)
Main storage
c)
RAM
d)
CPU
e)
None of these
|
Nikita Singh answered |
In a computer, program-addressable storage from which instructions and other data may be loaded directly into registers for subsequent execution or processing is known as main storage. Main storage includes the total program-addressable execution space that may include one or more storage devices.
Which of the following is not an operating system software?- a)MS-DOS
- b)Window 95/98
- c)UNIX
- d)Adobe
- e)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not an operating system software?
a)
MS-DOS
b)
Window 95/98
c)
UNIX
d)
Adobe
e)
None of the above
|
Ritika Choudhury answered |
MS-DOS is a computer operating system by Microsoft Corporation. It stands for ''Microsoft Disk Operating System'' and came from an operating system Microsoft bought called QDOS.
Windows 98 is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems. It is the successor to Windows 95, and was released to manufacturing on May 15, 1998, and to retail on June 25, 1998.
UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multiuser, multitasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.
Adobe Reader is a free program created and distributed by Adobe Systems. It is used to open PDF documents. PDFs can be a wide variety of files, such as images, text documents, forms, books, or any combination of these.
Windows 98 is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems. It is the successor to Windows 95, and was released to manufacturing on May 15, 1998, and to retail on June 25, 1998.
UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multiuser, multitasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.
Adobe Reader is a free program created and distributed by Adobe Systems. It is used to open PDF documents. PDFs can be a wide variety of files, such as images, text documents, forms, books, or any combination of these.
Which among the following forms the core of the Operating System?- a)User Interface
- b)File Management
- c)Memory Management
- d)Kernel
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the following forms the core of the Operating System?
a)
User Interface
b)
File Management
c)
Memory Management
d)
Kernel
|
Abhiram Mehra answered |
The Core of the Operating System
The core of the operating system is made up of essential components that perform critical functions. These components are responsible for managing system resources, executing programs, and providing a platform for running applications. Among the options presented, the core of the operating system is the kernel.
Kernel
The kernel is the heart of the operating system. It is responsible for managing the system's resources, such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It provides a secure and stable environment for running applications and ensures that they have access to the resources they need. The kernel also handles system calls, which are requests made by applications to access system resources. In short, the kernel is responsible for managing the entire system, and without it, the operating system cannot function.
User Interface
The user interface is the part of the operating system that allows users to interact with the system. It includes the desktop, menus, icons, and other graphical elements. While the user interface is an important part of the operating system, it is not the core. The user interface is responsible for presenting information to the user and allowing them to interact with the system, but it does not manage the system's resources.
File Management
File management is the process of organizing and storing files on the system. It includes creating, deleting, and modifying files and directories. While file management is an important part of the operating system, it is not the core. File management is responsible for managing the files on the system, but it does not manage the system's resources.
Memory Management
Memory management is the process of managing the system's memory. It includes allocating memory to applications, freeing memory when it is no longer needed, and ensuring that applications do not access memory that they should not. While memory management is an important part of the operating system, it is not the core. Memory management is responsible for managing the system's memory, but it does not manage the system's resources.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the core of the operating system is the kernel. It is responsible for managing the system's resources, executing programs, and providing a platform for running applications. While the user interface, file management, and memory management are all important parts of the operating system, they are not the core.
The core of the operating system is made up of essential components that perform critical functions. These components are responsible for managing system resources, executing programs, and providing a platform for running applications. Among the options presented, the core of the operating system is the kernel.
Kernel
The kernel is the heart of the operating system. It is responsible for managing the system's resources, such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It provides a secure and stable environment for running applications and ensures that they have access to the resources they need. The kernel also handles system calls, which are requests made by applications to access system resources. In short, the kernel is responsible for managing the entire system, and without it, the operating system cannot function.
User Interface
The user interface is the part of the operating system that allows users to interact with the system. It includes the desktop, menus, icons, and other graphical elements. While the user interface is an important part of the operating system, it is not the core. The user interface is responsible for presenting information to the user and allowing them to interact with the system, but it does not manage the system's resources.
File Management
File management is the process of organizing and storing files on the system. It includes creating, deleting, and modifying files and directories. While file management is an important part of the operating system, it is not the core. File management is responsible for managing the files on the system, but it does not manage the system's resources.
Memory Management
Memory management is the process of managing the system's memory. It includes allocating memory to applications, freeing memory when it is no longer needed, and ensuring that applications do not access memory that they should not. While memory management is an important part of the operating system, it is not the core. Memory management is responsible for managing the system's memory, but it does not manage the system's resources.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the core of the operating system is the kernel. It is responsible for managing the system's resources, executing programs, and providing a platform for running applications. While the user interface, file management, and memory management are all important parts of the operating system, they are not the core.
Which computer memory is used for storing programs and data that are currently being processed by the CPU?- a)Mass memory
- b)Internal memory
- c)Non-volatile memory
- d)PROM
- e)None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which computer memory is used for storing programs and data that are currently being processed by the CPU?
a)
Mass memory
b)
Internal memory
c)
Non-volatile memory
d)
PROM
e)
None of these
|
Simran Choudhury answered |
Internal memory is the computer memory used for storing programs and data that are currently being processed by the CPU. It is also known as primary memory or main memory. Internal memory is directly accessed by the CPU and plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the computer system.
Key Points:
- Internal memory is an essential component of a computer system as it provides the necessary storage space for the CPU to execute instructions and process data.
- It is volatile memory, which means that the stored information is lost when the power supply to the computer is turned off.
- Internal memory is made up of integrated circuits, which are capable of storing and retrieving data at a very high speed.
- It is divided into two types: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
- RAM is used for storing data and instructions that are currently being executed by the CPU. It allows for fast read and write operations, making it ideal for temporary storage.
- ROM, on the other hand, is used for storing permanent data and instructions that are essential for the computer to function. It retains its contents even when the power is turned off.
- The size of internal memory varies depending on the computer system. It can range from a few gigabytes to several terabytes in modern computers.
- The CPU constantly accesses the internal memory to fetch instructions and data, perform calculations, and store the results. The speed and capacity of the internal memory directly impact the overall performance of the computer system.
- Internal memory works in conjunction with other components of the computer, such as the CPU, cache memory, and secondary storage devices, to ensure efficient processing and storage of data.
- In summary, internal memory is a critical component of a computer system that provides fast and temporary storage for programs and data currently being processed by the CPU. It enables the efficient execution of instructions and plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the system.
Key Points:
- Internal memory is an essential component of a computer system as it provides the necessary storage space for the CPU to execute instructions and process data.
- It is volatile memory, which means that the stored information is lost when the power supply to the computer is turned off.
- Internal memory is made up of integrated circuits, which are capable of storing and retrieving data at a very high speed.
- It is divided into two types: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
- RAM is used for storing data and instructions that are currently being executed by the CPU. It allows for fast read and write operations, making it ideal for temporary storage.
- ROM, on the other hand, is used for storing permanent data and instructions that are essential for the computer to function. It retains its contents even when the power is turned off.
- The size of internal memory varies depending on the computer system. It can range from a few gigabytes to several terabytes in modern computers.
- The CPU constantly accesses the internal memory to fetch instructions and data, perform calculations, and store the results. The speed and capacity of the internal memory directly impact the overall performance of the computer system.
- Internal memory works in conjunction with other components of the computer, such as the CPU, cache memory, and secondary storage devices, to ensure efficient processing and storage of data.
- In summary, internal memory is a critical component of a computer system that provides fast and temporary storage for programs and data currently being processed by the CPU. It enables the efficient execution of instructions and plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the system.
______ is the process of closing and starting a computer or its operating system from the initial boot loading sequence.- a)Warm Boot
- b)Cool Boot
- c)Reboot
- d)Normal Boot
- e)Cold Boot
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
______ is the process of closing and starting a computer or its operating system from the initial boot loading sequence.
a)
Warm Boot
b)
Cool Boot
c)
Reboot
d)
Normal Boot
e)
Cold Boot
|
|
Ritika Choudhury answered |
Reboot is the process of closing and starting a computer or its operating system from the initial boot loading sequence.
A _____ turns off the power and erases any internal data and counters that the operating system and running apps create to keep track of operations from memory (RAM).- a)Warm Boot
- b)Cool Boot
- c)Reboot
- d)Cold Boot
- e)Normal Boot
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
A _____ turns off the power and erases any internal data and counters that the operating system and running apps create to keep track of operations from memory (RAM).
a)
Warm Boot
b)
Cool Boot
c)
Reboot
d)
Cold Boot
e)
Normal Boot
|
Aisha Gupta answered |
A cold boot turns off the power and erases any internal data and counters that the operating system and running apps create to keep track of operations from memory (RAM).
_______ is the maximum length of DOS command using an optional parameter.- a)26 characters
- b)87 characters
- c)127 characters
- d)142 characters
- e)163 characters
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
_______ is the maximum length of DOS command using an optional parameter.
a)
26 characters
b)
87 characters
c)
127 characters
d)
142 characters
e)
163 characters
|
|
Devanshi Sarkar answered |
Maximum Length of DOS Command with Optional Parameter
In DOS (Disk Operating System), the maximum length of a command using an optional parameter is 127 characters. This means that the entire command, including the optional parameter, cannot exceed 127 characters in length.
Explanation:
1. DOS Commands:
DOS commands are instructions given to the computer's operating system to perform specific tasks. These commands can be executed through the command prompt or batch files.
2. Character Limit:
Every command in DOS has a character limit, which determines the maximum length of the command that can be used. This limit includes the command itself, any optional parameters, and any additional arguments.
3. Optional Parameters:
Optional parameters are additional settings or options that can be added to a command to modify its behavior. These parameters are not mandatory and can be omitted if not needed.
4. Maximum Length:
The maximum length of a DOS command with an optional parameter is 127 characters. This means that the combined length of the command and the optional parameter cannot exceed 127 characters.
5. Example:
For example, let's consider the "dir" command in DOS, which is used to display the contents of a directory. The basic command "dir" itself is only three characters long. However, if we add an optional parameter like "/s" to display the contents of subdirectories as well, the total length of the command becomes longer.
If the length of the directory path is 100 characters, the command "dir" with the optional parameter "/s" would have a total length of 106 characters. This is within the maximum length limit of 127 characters.
6. Importance of Character Limit:
The character limit is important to ensure that commands can be properly processed by the operating system. If the command exceeds the maximum length, it may result in errors or incorrect execution.
In summary, the maximum length of a DOS command with an optional parameter is 127 characters. It is crucial to stay within this limit to ensure proper execution of commands in the DOS environment.
In DOS (Disk Operating System), the maximum length of a command using an optional parameter is 127 characters. This means that the entire command, including the optional parameter, cannot exceed 127 characters in length.
Explanation:
1. DOS Commands:
DOS commands are instructions given to the computer's operating system to perform specific tasks. These commands can be executed through the command prompt or batch files.
2. Character Limit:
Every command in DOS has a character limit, which determines the maximum length of the command that can be used. This limit includes the command itself, any optional parameters, and any additional arguments.
3. Optional Parameters:
Optional parameters are additional settings or options that can be added to a command to modify its behavior. These parameters are not mandatory and can be omitted if not needed.
4. Maximum Length:
The maximum length of a DOS command with an optional parameter is 127 characters. This means that the combined length of the command and the optional parameter cannot exceed 127 characters.
5. Example:
For example, let's consider the "dir" command in DOS, which is used to display the contents of a directory. The basic command "dir" itself is only three characters long. However, if we add an optional parameter like "/s" to display the contents of subdirectories as well, the total length of the command becomes longer.
If the length of the directory path is 100 characters, the command "dir" with the optional parameter "/s" would have a total length of 106 characters. This is within the maximum length limit of 127 characters.
6. Importance of Character Limit:
The character limit is important to ensure that commands can be properly processed by the operating system. If the command exceeds the maximum length, it may result in errors or incorrect execution.
In summary, the maximum length of a DOS command with an optional parameter is 127 characters. It is crucial to stay within this limit to ensure proper execution of commands in the DOS environment.
Which among the file system is no longer supported by the developer?- a)FAT 32
- b)NTFS
- c)HFS
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the file system is no longer supported by the developer?
a)
FAT 32
b)
NTFS
c)
HFS
d)
None of these
|
|
Harshad Basu answered |
Obsolete File System
The file system that is no longer supported by the developer is the HFS (Hierarchical File System).
What is HFS?
HFS is a file system that was developed by Apple Inc. for use in their Macintosh computers. It was introduced in 1985 and was the default file system for Mac OS until it was replaced by HFS+ in 1998.
Why is HFS no longer supported?
HFS was replaced by HFS+ because the latter provided several improvements over HFS, such as larger file sizes, better performance, and improved reliability. HFS+ also supported Unicode, which allowed for better support for international languages.
Nowadays, even HFS+ is considered outdated and has been replaced by the new APFS (Apple File System), which was introduced in 2017 and is optimized for solid-state drives.
Conclusion
In conclusion, HFS is no longer supported by the developer because it has been replaced by newer and more advanced file systems. It is recommended to use the latest file systems for better performance, reliability, and security.
The file system that is no longer supported by the developer is the HFS (Hierarchical File System).
What is HFS?
HFS is a file system that was developed by Apple Inc. for use in their Macintosh computers. It was introduced in 1985 and was the default file system for Mac OS until it was replaced by HFS+ in 1998.
Why is HFS no longer supported?
HFS was replaced by HFS+ because the latter provided several improvements over HFS, such as larger file sizes, better performance, and improved reliability. HFS+ also supported Unicode, which allowed for better support for international languages.
Nowadays, even HFS+ is considered outdated and has been replaced by the new APFS (Apple File System), which was introduced in 2017 and is optimized for solid-state drives.
Conclusion
In conclusion, HFS is no longer supported by the developer because it has been replaced by newer and more advanced file systems. It is recommended to use the latest file systems for better performance, reliability, and security.
What type of operating system is Linux?- a)Open-source
- b)Closed-source
- c)Windows
- d)Mac
- e)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of operating system is Linux?
a)
Open-source
b)
Closed-source
c)
Windows
d)
Mac
e)
None of these
|
|
Rahul Mehta answered |
Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel. It is widely used for supercomputers, mainframe computers, and servers.
_______ command is used to divide the blank sector surface into a different partition.- a)Undo
- b)Format
- c)Paste
- d)Copy
- e)Control
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
_______ command is used to divide the blank sector surface into a different partition.
a)
Undo
b)
Format
c)
Paste
d)
Copy
e)
Control
|
|
Arya Saha answered |
Format command for dividing the blank sector surface into a different partition
Formatting a storage device such as a hard drive or USB drive involves preparing the blank sector surface for data storage by creating partition tables and file systems. The format command is often used to divide the blank sector surface into different partitions.
Importance of partitioning
- Partitioning allows users to organize and separate data into different sections on a storage device.
- It helps in managing data more efficiently by allocating specific amounts of space for different purposes.
- Partitioning can also improve performance and security by isolating system files from user files.
Steps to partition using the format command
1. Open the command prompt window on your computer.
2. Type the command "format" followed by the drive letter of the storage device you want to partition (e.g., format D:).
3. Specify the desired file system type for the partition (e.g., NTFS, FAT32).
4. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the partitioning process.
Caution when using the format command
- Formatting a storage device will erase all existing data on it, so make sure to back up important files before proceeding.
- Double-check the drive letter to avoid accidentally formatting the wrong drive.
- Be cautious when partitioning system drives to avoid disrupting the operating system's functionality.
By following these steps and being mindful of the precautions, you can effectively use the format command to divide the blank sector surface into different partitions on a storage device.
Formatting a storage device such as a hard drive or USB drive involves preparing the blank sector surface for data storage by creating partition tables and file systems. The format command is often used to divide the blank sector surface into different partitions.
Importance of partitioning
- Partitioning allows users to organize and separate data into different sections on a storage device.
- It helps in managing data more efficiently by allocating specific amounts of space for different purposes.
- Partitioning can also improve performance and security by isolating system files from user files.
Steps to partition using the format command
1. Open the command prompt window on your computer.
2. Type the command "format" followed by the drive letter of the storage device you want to partition (e.g., format D:).
3. Specify the desired file system type for the partition (e.g., NTFS, FAT32).
4. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the partitioning process.
Caution when using the format command
- Formatting a storage device will erase all existing data on it, so make sure to back up important files before proceeding.
- Double-check the drive letter to avoid accidentally formatting the wrong drive.
- Be cautious when partitioning system drives to avoid disrupting the operating system's functionality.
By following these steps and being mindful of the precautions, you can effectively use the format command to divide the blank sector surface into different partitions on a storage device.
A DOS is an operating system that runs from a disk drive. DOS stands for _______.- a)Disk Operating System
- b)Drive Operating System
- c)Durable Operating System
- d)Divided Operating System
- e)Disk Opaque System
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A DOS is an operating system that runs from a disk drive. DOS stands for _______.
a)
Disk Operating System
b)
Drive Operating System
c)
Durable Operating System
d)
Divided Operating System
e)
Disk Opaque System
|
|
Arshiya Nair answered |
DOS, which stands for Disk Operating System, is an operating system that runs from a disk drive. It was one of the earliest operating systems developed for personal computers. DOS became popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, primarily due to its simplicity and compatibility with a wide range of hardware.
Here is a detailed explanation of why the correct answer is option 'A' - Disk Operating System:
1. Disk Operating System (DOS):
DOS is an operating system that is designed to be loaded and run directly from a disk drive, such as a hard disk or floppy disk. It is a single-user, single-tasking operating system that provides a command-line interface for interacting with the computer.
2. Drive Operating System:
The option 'B' - Drive Operating System is not the correct answer. While DOS does operate from a disk drive, it is not specifically designed to manage or control the drive itself. Instead, it is an operating system that utilizes the disk drive to store and execute its files.
3. Durable Operating System:
The option 'C' - Durable Operating System is not the correct answer. The term "durable" refers to the ability of a system to withstand failure or damage. DOS, however, does not possess any specific features or characteristics that make it particularly durable.
4. Divided Operating System:
The option 'D' - Divided Operating System is not the correct answer. DOS is not divided into separate components or modules that perform specific functions. It is a relatively simple operating system that provides basic file management and command execution capabilities.
5. Disk Opaque System:
The option 'E' - Disk Opaque System is not the correct answer. The term "opaque" refers to something that is difficult to understand or see through. DOS, on the other hand, is a relatively transparent operating system that allows users to directly interact with the underlying hardware and software.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'A' - Disk Operating System. DOS is an operating system that runs from a disk drive and provides a command-line interface for users to interact with the computer.
Here is a detailed explanation of why the correct answer is option 'A' - Disk Operating System:
1. Disk Operating System (DOS):
DOS is an operating system that is designed to be loaded and run directly from a disk drive, such as a hard disk or floppy disk. It is a single-user, single-tasking operating system that provides a command-line interface for interacting with the computer.
2. Drive Operating System:
The option 'B' - Drive Operating System is not the correct answer. While DOS does operate from a disk drive, it is not specifically designed to manage or control the drive itself. Instead, it is an operating system that utilizes the disk drive to store and execute its files.
3. Durable Operating System:
The option 'C' - Durable Operating System is not the correct answer. The term "durable" refers to the ability of a system to withstand failure or damage. DOS, however, does not possess any specific features or characteristics that make it particularly durable.
4. Divided Operating System:
The option 'D' - Divided Operating System is not the correct answer. DOS is not divided into separate components or modules that perform specific functions. It is a relatively simple operating system that provides basic file management and command execution capabilities.
5. Disk Opaque System:
The option 'E' - Disk Opaque System is not the correct answer. The term "opaque" refers to something that is difficult to understand or see through. DOS, on the other hand, is a relatively transparent operating system that allows users to directly interact with the underlying hardware and software.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'A' - Disk Operating System. DOS is an operating system that runs from a disk drive and provides a command-line interface for users to interact with the computer.
Who provides the interface to access the services of the operating system?- a)API
- b)System call
- c)Library
- d)Assembly instruction
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Who provides the interface to access the services of the operating system?
a)
API
b)
System call
c)
Library
d)
Assembly instruction
|
Nilesh Banerjee answered |
**Answer:**
The correct answer is option B: **System call**.
**Explanation:**
**Interface to Access Services of the Operating System:**
The interface that provides access to the services of an operating system is a system call. A system call is a mechanism provided by the operating system that allows user programs to interact with the operating system kernel. It provides a way for user programs to request services from the operating system, such as accessing files, allocating memory, creating new processes, etc.
**Other Options:**
Let's briefly discuss the other options mentioned:
a) **API (Application Programming Interface):**
An API is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. It provides a set of functions, procedures, and protocols for building software applications. While an API may be used to access the services of an operating system, it is not the direct interface provided by the operating system itself.
c) **Library:**
A library is a collection of precompiled code and resources that can be used by software programs. Libraries often contain APIs that provide access to various functions and services. While libraries may provide access to the services of an operating system, they are not the direct interface provided by the operating system itself.
d) **Assembly Instruction:**
Assembly instructions are low-level instructions written in assembly language that are directly executed by the processor. They are used to write programs at a very low level, closer to the hardware. While assembly instructions may be used to interact with the operating system, they are not the primary interface provided by the operating system itself.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, the interface provided by the operating system to access its services is a system call. System calls allow user programs to interact with the kernel of the operating system and request various services.
The correct answer is option B: **System call**.
**Explanation:**
**Interface to Access Services of the Operating System:**
The interface that provides access to the services of an operating system is a system call. A system call is a mechanism provided by the operating system that allows user programs to interact with the operating system kernel. It provides a way for user programs to request services from the operating system, such as accessing files, allocating memory, creating new processes, etc.
**Other Options:**
Let's briefly discuss the other options mentioned:
a) **API (Application Programming Interface):**
An API is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. It provides a set of functions, procedures, and protocols for building software applications. While an API may be used to access the services of an operating system, it is not the direct interface provided by the operating system itself.
c) **Library:**
A library is a collection of precompiled code and resources that can be used by software programs. Libraries often contain APIs that provide access to various functions and services. While libraries may provide access to the services of an operating system, they are not the direct interface provided by the operating system itself.
d) **Assembly Instruction:**
Assembly instructions are low-level instructions written in assembly language that are directly executed by the processor. They are used to write programs at a very low level, closer to the hardware. While assembly instructions may be used to interact with the operating system, they are not the primary interface provided by the operating system itself.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, the interface provided by the operating system to access its services is a system call. System calls allow user programs to interact with the kernel of the operating system and request various services.
What is the memory that does not change its contents without external cause called?- a)Dynamic memory
- b)Static memory
- c)RAM
- d)EEPROM
- e)None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the memory that does not change its contents without external cause called?
a)
Dynamic memory
b)
Static memory
c)
RAM
d)
EEPROM
e)
None of these
|
|
Nikita Singh answered |
A memory that does not change its contents without external causes is known as static memory.
Static Random-Access Memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory that uses bistable latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM exhibits data remanence, but it is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered.
Static Random-Access Memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory that uses bistable latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM exhibits data remanence, but it is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered.
Name the operating system which can be considered as India`s product.- a)Windows 98
- b)Windows 2000
- c)Linux
- d)BOSS
- e)UNIX
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Name the operating system which can be considered as India`s product.
a)
Windows 98
b)
Windows 2000
c)
Linux
d)
BOSS
e)
UNIX
|
|
Ritika Choudhury answered |
Bharat Operating System Solutions (BOSS Linux) is a GNU/Linux distribution developed by C-DAC, Chennai in order to benefit the usage of Free/Open Source Software in India.
Which of the following is an example of a Real Time Operating System?- a)MAC
- b)MS-DOS
- c)Windows 10
- d)Process Control
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is an example of a Real Time Operating System?
a)
MAC
b)
MS-DOS
c)
Windows 10
d)
Process Control
|
Arnav Saini answered |
Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
A Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is an operating system that guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraint. This means that an RTOS must be able to guarantee that a certain process or task can be completed within a certain time frame, otherwise, the system is considered failed.
Example of RTOS
The correct answer to the question is option 'D' which is Process Control. Process Control is an application of RTOS that is used to control industrial and manufacturing processes. In process control, the RTOS is used to monitor and control physical processes such as temperature, pressure, flow, and other parameters in real-time.
Process Control
Process control is a type of control system that is used to control and monitor industrial processes. The goal of process control is to maintain the desired output of a process by adjusting its inputs. In process control, an RTOS is used to control and monitor physical processes in real-time.
Advantages of RTOS in Process Control
1. Real-time response: An RTOS guarantees that a process will be completed within a specified time frame.
2. High reliability: An RTOS is designed to be highly reliable and fault-tolerant.
3. Predictable: An RTOS is predictable in its behavior and performance.
4. Efficient: An RTOS is designed to be highly efficient in its use of system resources.
Conclusion
In conclusion, an RTOS is a type of operating system that is used in real-time applications such as process control. An RTOS guarantees that a process will be completed within a specified time frame and is designed to be highly reliable, fault-tolerant, predictable, and efficient. Process Control is an example of an application of RTOS that is used to control and monitor physical processes in real-time.
A Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is an operating system that guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraint. This means that an RTOS must be able to guarantee that a certain process or task can be completed within a certain time frame, otherwise, the system is considered failed.
Example of RTOS
The correct answer to the question is option 'D' which is Process Control. Process Control is an application of RTOS that is used to control industrial and manufacturing processes. In process control, the RTOS is used to monitor and control physical processes such as temperature, pressure, flow, and other parameters in real-time.
Process Control
Process control is a type of control system that is used to control and monitor industrial processes. The goal of process control is to maintain the desired output of a process by adjusting its inputs. In process control, an RTOS is used to control and monitor physical processes in real-time.
Advantages of RTOS in Process Control
1. Real-time response: An RTOS guarantees that a process will be completed within a specified time frame.
2. High reliability: An RTOS is designed to be highly reliable and fault-tolerant.
3. Predictable: An RTOS is predictable in its behavior and performance.
4. Efficient: An RTOS is designed to be highly efficient in its use of system resources.
Conclusion
In conclusion, an RTOS is a type of operating system that is used in real-time applications such as process control. An RTOS guarantees that a process will be completed within a specified time frame and is designed to be highly reliable, fault-tolerant, predictable, and efficient. Process Control is an example of an application of RTOS that is used to control and monitor physical processes in real-time.
In Unix operating system, which command shows the full path name of the current directory?- a)pwd
- b)dir
- c)directory
- d)showdir
- e)dirpwd
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In Unix operating system, which command shows the full path name of the current directory?
a)
pwd
b)
dir
c)
directory
d)
showdir
e)
dirpwd
|
|
Ritika Choudhury answered |
The command 'pwd' stands for Print Working Directory. It is used to print the path of the currently working directory starting from the root. It is a built-in command.
Which of the following types of software is responsible for regulating how well the computer and all of its components function internally?- a)Computer Hardware
- b)Public domain software
- c)Application software
- d)Operating system software
- e)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following types of software is responsible for regulating how well the computer and all of its components function internally?
a)
Computer Hardware
b)
Public domain software
c)
Application software
d)
Operating system software
e)
None of the above
|
|
Aisha Gupta answered |
An operating system (OS) is software that controls and coordinates the computer hardware devices and runs other software and applications on a computer.
______ is the programme that controls all other application programmes in a computer after being installed into the system first by a boot programme.- a)Operating System
- b)Computer Hardware
- c)Computer Software
- d)Database
- e)Input Management
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
______ is the programme that controls all other application programmes in a computer after being installed into the system first by a boot programme.
a)
Operating System
b)
Computer Hardware
c)
Computer Software
d)
Database
e)
Input Management
|
Ishan Choudhury answered |
An operating system (OS) is the program that controls all other application programs in a computer after being installed into the system first by a boot program.
Name the type of Operating System that allows supports and allocates programs on more than one CPU.- a)Multiuser Operating System
- b)Multiprocessing Operating System
- c)Distributed Operating System
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Name the type of Operating System that allows supports and allocates programs on more than one CPU.
a)
Multiuser Operating System
b)
Multiprocessing Operating System
c)
Distributed Operating System
d)
None of the above
|
|
Nilesh Banerjee answered |
The correct answer is option 'B', Multiprocessing Operating System.
Explanation:
A multiprocessing operating system is a type of operating system that allows and supports the allocation of programs on more than one CPU (Central Processing Unit). It enables multiple programs or tasks to run concurrently on different processors, thereby increasing the overall processing power and efficiency of the system.
Key Points:
1. Definition:
- A multiprocessing operating system is designed to manage and utilize multiple CPUs in a computer system.
- It enables parallel processing, where multiple tasks can be executed simultaneously on different processors.
2. Benefits of multiprocessing operating system:
- Improved performance: With multiple CPUs, the operating system can distribute the workload across different processors, allowing for faster execution of programs and tasks.
- Increased efficiency: The operating system can allocate resources dynamically based on the workload, ensuring optimal utilization of the available processors.
- Enhanced reliability: If one CPU fails, the system can continue running on the remaining CPUs, reducing the impact of hardware failures.
3. Features of a multiprocessing operating system:
- Process scheduling: The operating system must have efficient algorithms for scheduling processes and assigning them to different CPUs.
- Interprocess communication: To enable cooperation and coordination between processes running on different CPUs, mechanisms for interprocess communication are required.
- Load balancing: The operating system should distribute the workload evenly across the available processors to ensure efficient utilization of resources.
- Memory management: The operating system must manage the memory resources effectively to support multiple programs running in parallel.
4. Examples of multiprocessing operating systems:
- Linux: Linux is a popular open-source operating system that supports multiprocessing.
- Windows: Windows operating systems, such as Windows Server editions, also support multiprocessing.
- Unix: Unix-based operating systems, such as macOS and various flavors of Unix-like systems, are designed to support multiprocessing.
In conclusion, a multiprocessing operating system is specifically designed to allocate and support programs on more than one CPU. It enables parallel processing and provides improved performance, efficiency, and reliability in a computer system.
Explanation:
A multiprocessing operating system is a type of operating system that allows and supports the allocation of programs on more than one CPU (Central Processing Unit). It enables multiple programs or tasks to run concurrently on different processors, thereby increasing the overall processing power and efficiency of the system.
Key Points:
1. Definition:
- A multiprocessing operating system is designed to manage and utilize multiple CPUs in a computer system.
- It enables parallel processing, where multiple tasks can be executed simultaneously on different processors.
2. Benefits of multiprocessing operating system:
- Improved performance: With multiple CPUs, the operating system can distribute the workload across different processors, allowing for faster execution of programs and tasks.
- Increased efficiency: The operating system can allocate resources dynamically based on the workload, ensuring optimal utilization of the available processors.
- Enhanced reliability: If one CPU fails, the system can continue running on the remaining CPUs, reducing the impact of hardware failures.
3. Features of a multiprocessing operating system:
- Process scheduling: The operating system must have efficient algorithms for scheduling processes and assigning them to different CPUs.
- Interprocess communication: To enable cooperation and coordination between processes running on different CPUs, mechanisms for interprocess communication are required.
- Load balancing: The operating system should distribute the workload evenly across the available processors to ensure efficient utilization of resources.
- Memory management: The operating system must manage the memory resources effectively to support multiple programs running in parallel.
4. Examples of multiprocessing operating systems:
- Linux: Linux is a popular open-source operating system that supports multiprocessing.
- Windows: Windows operating systems, such as Windows Server editions, also support multiprocessing.
- Unix: Unix-based operating systems, such as macOS and various flavors of Unix-like systems, are designed to support multiprocessing.
In conclusion, a multiprocessing operating system is specifically designed to allocate and support programs on more than one CPU. It enables parallel processing and provides improved performance, efficiency, and reliability in a computer system.
Operating System is otherwise known as ______.- a)Database
- b)Application Software
- c)System Software
- d)Utility Software
- e)Accounting Software
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Operating System is otherwise known as ______.
a)
Database
b)
Application Software
c)
System Software
d)
Utility Software
e)
Accounting Software
|
|
Aisha Gupta answered |
An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The operating system is the best-known example of system software.
What kind(s) of supply/supplies is/are used in order to make an analog computer work?- a)Continuous electrical pulses
- b)Magnetic strength
- c)Natural strength
- d)Physical strength
- e)All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What kind(s) of supply/supplies is/are used in order to make an analog computer work?
a)
Continuous electrical pulses
b)
Magnetic strength
c)
Natural strength
d)
Physical strength
e)
All of these
|
|
Ritika Choudhury answered |
Analog computer works on the supply of Continuous electrical pulses.
An analog computers, works by measuring voltages and currents rather than by the process of counting. An analog computers works on supply of continuous electrical signals and display outputs continuously. Side rule is an example analog device in which numbered as expressed as distances.
A computer that operates with numbers represented by directly measurable quantities (such as voltages or rotations) — compare digital computer, hybrid computer. This contrasts with an analog signal, which represents continuous values; at any given time it represents a real number within a continuous range of values.
An analog computers, works by measuring voltages and currents rather than by the process of counting. An analog computers works on supply of continuous electrical signals and display outputs continuously. Side rule is an example analog device in which numbered as expressed as distances.
A computer that operates with numbers represented by directly measurable quantities (such as voltages or rotations) — compare digital computer, hybrid computer. This contrasts with an analog signal, which represents continuous values; at any given time it represents a real number within a continuous range of values.
Which of the following digital devices processes the data?- a)Data processor
- b)Data entry
- c)DBMS
- d)Database
- e)Entity
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following digital devices processes the data?
a)
Data processor
b)
Data entry
c)
DBMS
d)
Database
e)
Entity
|
|
Rahul Mehta answered |
A digital device that processes data is known as data processor.
The processor, more formally known as the central processing unit (CPU), has the electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into the information required by the users. The central processing unit executes computer instructions that are specified in the program.
Some of the most common processing devices in a computer include central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU).
The processor, more formally known as the central processing unit (CPU), has the electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into the information required by the users. The central processing unit executes computer instructions that are specified in the program.
Some of the most common processing devices in a computer include central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU).
Which among the following has the fastest response time?- a)Multiuser Operating System
- b)Multiprocessing Operating System
- c)Distributed Operating System
- d)Real Time Operating System
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the following has the fastest response time?
a)
Multiuser Operating System
b)
Multiprocessing Operating System
c)
Distributed Operating System
d)
Real Time Operating System
|
|
Nilesh Banerjee answered |
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) has the fastest response time among the given options.
Explanation:
RTOS is designed to handle tasks with strict timing requirements. It is designed to respond to an event within a predictable time frame. The response time of an RTOS is measured in microseconds or even nanoseconds. The following are the reasons why RTOS has the fastest response time:
1. Priority-based scheduling: RTOS uses priority-based scheduling, where higher-priority tasks are executed first. This ensures that the critical tasks are executed on time.
2. Minimal context switching time: Context switching time is the time taken by the system to switch from one task to another. RTOS has minimal context switching time, which ensures that the response time is fast.
3. Deterministic behavior: RTOS has deterministic behavior, which means that the system can predict the time taken to execute a task. This ensures that the critical tasks are executed on time.
4. Minimal overhead: RTOS has minimal overhead, which means that it uses fewer system resources. This ensures that the response time is fast.
Conclusion:
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) has the fastest response time among the given options due to priority-based scheduling, minimal context switching time, deterministic behavior, and minimal overhead.
Explanation:
RTOS is designed to handle tasks with strict timing requirements. It is designed to respond to an event within a predictable time frame. The response time of an RTOS is measured in microseconds or even nanoseconds. The following are the reasons why RTOS has the fastest response time:
1. Priority-based scheduling: RTOS uses priority-based scheduling, where higher-priority tasks are executed first. This ensures that the critical tasks are executed on time.
2. Minimal context switching time: Context switching time is the time taken by the system to switch from one task to another. RTOS has minimal context switching time, which ensures that the response time is fast.
3. Deterministic behavior: RTOS has deterministic behavior, which means that the system can predict the time taken to execute a task. This ensures that the critical tasks are executed on time.
4. Minimal overhead: RTOS has minimal overhead, which means that it uses fewer system resources. This ensures that the response time is fast.
Conclusion:
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) has the fastest response time among the given options due to priority-based scheduling, minimal context switching time, deterministic behavior, and minimal overhead.
_________ is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer when it is turned on.- a)Starting
- b)Initialising
- c)Booting
- d)Formatting
- e)Debugging
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
_________ is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer when it is turned on.
a)
Starting
b)
Initialising
c)
Booting
d)
Formatting
e)
Debugging
|
|
Ishan Choudhury answered |
Booting is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer when it is turned on.The initial collection of tasks that the computer carries out when it is turned on is known as the boot sequence.
While working with MS-DOS which command transfers a specific file from onedisk to another?- a)Copy
- b)Paste
- c)Control
- d)Cut
- e)Undo
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
While working with MS-DOS which command transfers a specific file from onedisk to another?
a)
Copy
b)
Paste
c)
Control
d)
Cut
e)
Undo
|
Kavya Saxena answered |
Use the Copy command to copy a specified file from one disc to another. Diskcopy transfers the entire disc to a new disc. The Time command shows the current system time, while the Rename command renames a file.
Which of the following is NOT a non-volatile memory?- a)PROM
- b)Bubble memory
- c)EPROM
- d)RAM
- e)None of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is NOT a non-volatile memory?
a)
PROM
b)
Bubble memory
c)
EPROM
d)
RAM
e)
None of these
|
|
Rahul Mehta answered |
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data. ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.
Which among the following is not a type of kernel?- a)Macrokernel
- b)Microkernel
- c)Nano Kernel
- d)Hybrid Kernel
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the following is not a type of kernel?
a)
Macrokernel
b)
Microkernel
c)
Nano Kernel
d)
Hybrid Kernel
|
Pranab Goyal answered |
Kernel Types
Kernel is the core part of an operating system that manages system resources and provides services to other parts of the operating system and user applications. There are several types of kernels based on their architecture and design. They are:
1. Microkernel
2. Nano Kernel
3. Hybrid Kernel
4. Monolithic Kernel
Not a Type of Kernel
Option 'A' i.e., Macrokernel is not a type of kernel. It is a term used to describe a kernel that is larger than a microkernel but smaller than a monolithic kernel. In a macrokernel architecture, more services are implemented in the kernel space compared to a microkernel, but fewer than a monolithic kernel.
Comparison of Kernel Types
Microkernel:
- Small and simple design
- Services are implemented in user space
- Communication between services is done through message passing
Nano Kernel:
- Smaller and simpler than microkernel
- Basic services required for the system are implemented in kernel space
- Other services are implemented in user space
- Communication between services is done through message passing
Hybrid Kernel:
- Combination of microkernel and monolithic kernel
- Services essential for hardware management are implemented in kernel space
- Other services are implemented in user space or kernel space based on performance and security requirements
Monolithic Kernel:
- Large and complex design
- All services are implemented in kernel space
- Communication between services is done through function calls
Conclusion
In conclusion, Macrokernel is not a type of kernel and the correct answer is option 'A'. The other types of kernels are microkernel, nano kernel, hybrid kernel, and monolithic kernel. Each kernel type has its own advantages and disadvantages based on the operating system requirements.
Kernel is the core part of an operating system that manages system resources and provides services to other parts of the operating system and user applications. There are several types of kernels based on their architecture and design. They are:
1. Microkernel
2. Nano Kernel
3. Hybrid Kernel
4. Monolithic Kernel
Not a Type of Kernel
Option 'A' i.e., Macrokernel is not a type of kernel. It is a term used to describe a kernel that is larger than a microkernel but smaller than a monolithic kernel. In a macrokernel architecture, more services are implemented in the kernel space compared to a microkernel, but fewer than a monolithic kernel.
Comparison of Kernel Types
Microkernel:
- Small and simple design
- Services are implemented in user space
- Communication between services is done through message passing
Nano Kernel:
- Smaller and simpler than microkernel
- Basic services required for the system are implemented in kernel space
- Other services are implemented in user space
- Communication between services is done through message passing
Hybrid Kernel:
- Combination of microkernel and monolithic kernel
- Services essential for hardware management are implemented in kernel space
- Other services are implemented in user space or kernel space based on performance and security requirements
Monolithic Kernel:
- Large and complex design
- All services are implemented in kernel space
- Communication between services is done through function calls
Conclusion
In conclusion, Macrokernel is not a type of kernel and the correct answer is option 'A'. The other types of kernels are microkernel, nano kernel, hybrid kernel, and monolithic kernel. Each kernel type has its own advantages and disadvantages based on the operating system requirements.
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Computer Awareness for Competitive Exams
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