All questions of First in World for CDS Exam

Introduction
The Strait of Gibraltar, a narrow passage between Europe and Africa, has been crossed by many adventurers. Among them, Sophie Psilolignou holds the distinction of being the first woman to accomplish this feat.
About Sophie Psilolignou
- Sophie Psilolignou is a renowned swimmer known for her long-distance swimming achievements.
- She successfully crossed the Strait of Gibraltar on July 26, 1999.
The Significance of the Crossing
- The Strait of Gibraltar is approximately 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) wide at its narrowest point.
- The crossing is challenging due to strong currents, busy shipping lanes, and varying water temperatures.
Preparation and Challenges
- Sophie undertook extensive training to prepare for the grueling swim.
- She faced numerous obstacles, including navigating through busy maritime traffic and adapting to the cold waters.
Breaking Barriers
- Sophie Psilolignou's accomplishment not only showcased her remarkable physical endurance but also served as an inspiration for women in sports and adventure.
- Her achievement has encouraged many aspiring female athletes to pursue their dreams and break through societal barriers.
Conclusion
Sophie Psilolignou’s successful crossing of the Strait of Gibraltar is a historic milestone in the world of swimming and sports, firmly establishing her legacy as a pioneer for women athletes worldwide.

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit of India became the first woman to be elected as the President of the UN General Assembly in 1953. This was a significant achievement as it represented a major milestone for women in global diplomacy.

Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe. Although Magellan was killed in the Philippines, his expedition completed the journey in 1522 under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Orville Wright, along with his brother Wilbur, made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903. This historic event took place at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Introduction
The question of who was the first European invader of Indian soil is often debated in historical contexts. The correct answer is option 'B', Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great's Invasion
- Timeframe: Alexander's invasion occurred in 326 BCE during his campaign against the Persian Empire.
- Objective: His primary aim was to expand his empire and spread Hellenistic culture.
- Crossing into India: He crossed the Hindu Kush mountains into the Indian subcontinent, leading to his famous battle against King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
Significance of Alexander's Invasion
- Cultural Exchange: Alexander's arrival marked the beginning of significant cultural exchange between the East and West, influencing art, architecture, and philosophy in India.
- Military Tactics: His military strategies and the use of cavalry significantly impacted Indian warfare.
Other Options Explained
- Vasco da Gama: He was the first European to reach India by sea in 1498, but he did not invade.
- Genghis Khan: He never invaded India; his empire was primarily in Central Asia and parts of Europe.
- Marco Polo: He was a traveler and merchant who visited India but did not invade or conquer.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Alexander the Great is recognized as the first European invader of Indian soil, paving the way for future interactions and exchanges between India and the rest of the world. His legacy continues to be a subject of scholarly interest and importance in understanding ancient history.

First Woman Space Tourist
The title of the first woman space tourist belongs to Anousheh Ansari, who made history in 2006. Here’s a brief overview of her journey:
Background
- Anousheh Ansari was born in Iran and later moved to the United States.
- She is an engineer and co-founder of a telecommunications company.
Space Flight
- In September 2006, Ansari flew to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard a Soyuz spacecraft.
- Her flight was arranged through Space Adventures, a company that organizes space tourism.
Significance
- Ansari's journey marked a milestone not just for women but for the commercialization of space travel.
- She became the first female private space explorer, paving the way for future space tourists.
Comparative Context
- While Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman in space in 1963, she was not a space tourist as her mission was part of a government program.
- Christina Koch and Jessica Meir, both accomplished astronauts, have not participated in space tourism.
Conclusion
- Anousheh Ansari's achievement as the first woman space tourist highlights the progress in space exploration and the increasing opportunities for private individuals to participate in space travel.

Robert Peary is generally credited with being the first man to reach the North Pole on April 6, 1909, along with his companion Matthew Henson and four Inuit team members.

Ann Bancroft, an American explorer, became the first woman to set foot on the North Pole in 1986. Her achievement marked a significant milestone in polar exploration by women.