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All questions of Environment & natural resources for Super TET Exam

Which of the following is biodegradable?
  • a)
    Plastic mugs
  • b)
    Leather belts
  • c)
    Silver foil
  • d)
    Iron nails
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
Leather belts are biodegradable whereas silver foils, plastic mugs and iron nails are non - biodegradable. It takes leather between 25-50 years to completely decompose.
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Surangams are the age old concept of water harvesting in
  • a)
    Karnataka
  • b)
    Kerela
  • c)
    Tamil Nadu
  • d)
    Andhra Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
Surangams are the water management system used to provide the water supply for irrigation and human settlements in Kerala and southern districts of karnataka. The word " Surangam" has been derived from the Hindi word "surang" Which means tunnel. 

Which of the following groups does not contain only biodegradable items ?
  • a)
    Grass, flowers and leather
  • b)
    Grass, wood and plastic
  • c)
    Fruit-peels, cake and lime juice
  • d)
    Cake, wood and grass
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
Correct Answer :- b
Explanation : A Non-Biodegradable material can be defined as a kind of substance which cannot be broken down by natural organisms and acts as a source of pollution. ... Non-biodegradable wastes are those who cannot be decomposed or dissolved by natural agents.
Plastic is a non-biodegradable substance.

Which of the following is non-biodegradable?
  • a)
    Wool
  • b)
    Nylon
  • c)
    Animal bones
  • d)
    Tea leaves
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Srishti Singh answered
Nylon plastic is the name for a long-chain, fiber forming polyamides, composing one of the largest groups of synthetic polymers. These chains are naturally very resistant to wear and tear, temperature and chemicals.so its non biodegradable.

Chipko movement was started in
  • a)
    Uttarakhand
  • b)
    Himachal Pradesh
  • c)
    Uttar Pradesh
  • d)
    Madhya Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
In the 1970s, The Chipko movement was taken place in the northern Himalayan segment of Uttar Pradesh. Where it started, that well-known area names as Uttarakhand. The word “Chipko” means that “to stick” or “to hug”.

Trophic level in an ecosystem represents
  • a)
    oxygen level
  • b)
    water level
  • c)
    energy level
  • d)
    salt level
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
  • Organisms occupy a place in the natural surroundings or in a community according to their feeding relationship with other organisms.
  • Based on the source of their nutrition or food, organisms occupy a specific place in the food chain that is known as their trophic level.
  • Producers belong to the first trophic level, herbivores (primary consumer) to the second and carnivores (secondary consumer) to the third.
  • The amount of energy decreases at successive trophic levels
Hence, trophic levels represent energy level as well.

In an ecosystem, herbivores represent
  • a)
    producers
  • b)
    primary consumers
  • c)
    secondary consumers
  • d)
    decomposers
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. 
(i)  At the base of the food chain lie the primary producers. The primary producers are autotrophs and are most often photosynthetic organisms such as plants, algae, or cyanobacteria.
(ii) Primary consumers are the organisms that eat the primary producers. They are usually herbivores, plant-eaters, though they may be algae eaters or bacteria eaters.
(iii) Secondary consumers are the organisms that eat the primary consumers. They are generally meat-eaters called carnivores.
(iv) Tertiary consumers are the organisms that eat the secondary consumers. These are carnivore-eating carnivores, like eagles or big fish.

The process of eating and being eaten is called-
  • a)
    Food chain
  • b)
    Food store
  • c)
    Food web
  • d)
    Food cycle
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
The food chain is a sequence of populations or organisms through which food and energy are passed on an ecosystem with the members of each trophic levels. A food chain shows who is eating whom. Here, organisms of higher trophic level derive its nutrients from organisms of a lower trophic level.

‘There was no oxygen in our atmosphere earlier and it was added to the atmosphere later on’ the above statement is
  • a)
    false
  • b)
    True
  • c)
    Partially false
  • d)
    Partially true
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Rana answered
Oxygen was first produced somewhere around 2.7 billion to 2.8 billion years ago.
It was produced by tiny organisms known as Cyanobacteria, or blue - green algae.

Which of the following constitute a food-chain ?
  • a)
    Grass, wheat and mango
  • b)
    Grass, goat and human
  • c)
    Goat, cow and elephant
  • d)
    Grass, fish and goat
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Rana answered
Grass, goat and human constitute a food chain. Grass is an autotroph i.e. it produces its own food. Grass is eaten by goat which is a herbivore. Human beings are omnivores (they eat both meat and plant foods) so they eat meat of goat. Hence this is a food chain.

Which one of the following will undergo fastest bio-degradation?
  • a)
    Mango seed
  • b)
    Wood
  • c)
    Mango peel
  • d)
    Mango pulp
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
Mango pulp contains enzymes like polyphenol oxidase which results in its browning and later degrades it and it is mainly absent in other substances. 

Which of the following are to be managed for sustainable development ?
  • a)
    Industries
  • b)
    Forests
  • c)
    Crops
  • d)
    Resources
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Sharma answered
Sustainable energy include social progress and equality, environmental protection, conservation of natural resources and stable economic growth. so d is the correct answer

Which of the following is the age old concept of water harvesting system in Madhya Pradesh ?
  • a)
    Bundhis
  • b)
    Ponds
  • c)
    Bandharas
  • d)
    Nadis
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
As per the option (b),( c), (d) , these water harvesting concept, yet not there in Madhya Pradesh by leaving the Option ( a) Bundhis. Ponds are located in the Jammu  region, Bandharas are located in Maharashtra, and Nadis in Rajasthan. Bundhis is the very old water harvesting concept in Madhya Pradesh as leaving the options b, c, and, d. 

Which of the following community in Rajasthan has a religious tenet of conservation of forest and wildlife ?
  • a)
    Agarwal
  • b)
    Jaishwal
  • c)
    Bishnoi
  • d)
    Jain
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
Bishnoi community in Rajasthan has a religious tenet of conservation of forest and wildlife and this was clear from the movement organised by them to protect the khejri trees.

“Nitrous oxide is a green house gas” the above statement is-
  • a)
    True
  • b)
    Partially false
  • c)
    Partially true
  • d)
    False
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
Like other greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide absorbs radiation and traps heat in the atmosphere, where it can live for an average of 114 years, according to the EPA.

In a given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level ?
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk
  • a)
    5 kJ
  • b)
    50 kJ
  • c)
    500 kJ
  • d)
    5000 kJ
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Surbhi Gupta answered
According to 10 percent law, 90% of the energy captured from the previous trophic level is lost to the environment and only 10 percent is made available to the next trophic level.

In this food chain, at the 4th trophic level, 5 kJ energy is available to the snake

⇒ Energy available to Frog = 10% of 50 kJ

⇒ Energy available to Grasshopper = 10% of 500 kJ

⇒ Energy available to Grass = 10% of 5000 kJ.

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity.
(i) Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area.
(ii) Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area.
(iii) Biodiversity is greater in a forest.
(iv) Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iv)
  • c)
    (i) and (iii)
  • d)
    (ii) and (iii)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Sharma answered
Biodiversity generally refers to the presence of different species of plants and animals living together in a specific area . Although it is greater in forests because of the available natural resources like trees ,lakes etc which is favoured by wild animals and also provides them food and shelter hence biodiversity is greater in forests.

Khadin system of water harvesting is found in
  • a)
    Rajasthan
  • b)
    Himachal Pradesh
  • c)
    Haryana
  • d)
    Gujarat
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Swara Chopra answered
The 'Khadin' system of rainwater harvesting was practiced in ancient times in Rajasthan. In this system, a very long (about 100 m - 300 m long) earthen embankment called 'Bund' is built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands. The rainwater from the catchment area is made to flow down the slopes and stopped by the 'Bund' to form a reservoir. The rainwater collected in the reservoir formed by the 'Bund', and in the well, gradually penetrates into the land (or ground). This water - saturated land is subsequently used for growing crops. In this way, rain water harvesting was done using khadin system in Rajasthan.

Ecological imbalance in the biosphere is created by
  • a)
    Cutting of forests
  • b)
    Conservation of forest
  • c)
    Production of more paper
  • d)
    Both (A) and (C)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
Human activities are responsible for the disturbance of the balanced system of environment. Increasing human population is a major reason for cutting of trees. Vast tracts of forest had been cleared to make way for farmland and for making new houses, factories and infrastructure.
Production of more paper is also responsible for depletion of forest cover. Around 4 billion trees worldwide are cut down for paper every year.

A food chain comprising birds, green plants, fish and man. The concentration of harmful chemical entering the food chain will be maximum in
  • a)
    green plants
  • b)
    man
  • c)
    birds
  • d)
    fish
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
  • A food chain comprising birds, green plants, fish and man.
  • Food chain in ecology, the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from one organism to another organism.
  • Food chains intervined locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant.
  • Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level.
  • Humans are to be present at the top of the food chain because they eat all kinds of plants and animals.
  • The human food chain starts with plants.
  • Humans are dominant consumers.
  • They affect food webs through energy production and agriculture, pollution, habitat destruction, overfishing and hunting it affect both soil and aquatic ecosystem.

Development with both intragenerational and intergenerational quality is called:
  • a)
    Sustainable development
  • b)
    Unsustainable development
  • c)
    Economic development
  • d)
    Sustainable consumption
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
Intergenerational equity is the concept or idea of fairness or justice between generations.
Intra- generational equity is concerned with equity between people of the same generation and aims to assure justice among human beings that are alive today.
We can define Sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Intergenerational and intra- generational equity are the underlying principles of sustainable development as:
Intergenerational equity tends to a fair utilization of resources by human generations in past, present and future, it tries to construct a balance of consumption of resources by existing societies and future generations.
Intra-generational equity makes sure that the resources which are not preserved for the future generation and are available for the current generation must be equally distributed among all the members of the present generation.

Which group of organisms are not constituents of a food chain?
(i) Grass, lion, rabbit, wolf
(ii) Plankton, man, fish, grasshopper
(iii) Wolf, grass, snake, tiger
(iv) Frog, snake, eagle, grass, grasshopper
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (iii) and (iv)
  • c)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • d)
    (i) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
The organisms in an ecosystem are related through food requirements. This relationship is called food chain. In option (i) grass is eaten by rabbit, rabbit is consumed by wolf and lion eats wolf. In option (iv) grasshopper eats grass, frog eats grasshopper, snake eats frog and eagle consumes snake. In option (ii) grasshopper is found in terrestrial ecosystems not aquatic ecosystems. In option (iii) there is no herbivore animal to consume grass. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Ganga Action Plan was started in
  • a)
    1975
  • b)
    1985
  • c)
    1995
  • d)
    2005
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
Ganga Action Plan was announced inn1985 by the Ministry of Environment and forests. This was the first River Action Plan that was introduced for the improvement of water quality through interception, diversion and treatment of domestic sewage.

One of the world’s most critical watersheds are found in
  • a)
    Himalayas
  • b)
    Aravali
  • c)
    Vindhyachal.
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
The Greater Himalayan Watershed is a vast and diverse area that stretches from Uzbekistan to Myanmar. The Hindu Kush and Himalayan mountain ranges contain over 50,000 glaciers, the melt water of which feeds the aquifers and water tables of ten of the world’s most important river systems.[3] The Amu Darya, Brahmaputra, Ganges, Yellow, and Indus rivers – all crossing international borders – are just some of the important systems that depend on the regular cycles of glacial freezing and melting in order to maintain their seasonal water levels.
They act as a shield separating the Indian subcontinent from the Arctic winds that batter Central Asia. They also trap the hot, moist air in the Southeast and enable the torrential monsoons that occur during the summer months, accounting for 75% of India’s annual rainfall.
 

What does Reuse in three R’s refer to ?
  • a)
    use it again
  • b)
    use less
  • c)
    recycling of materials
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
Reuse means using a product more than once, either for the same purpose (for example returnable glass milk bottles) or for a different purpose (such as old jam jars for food storage). Repairing products, selling them on or donating them to charity/community groups is also reusing!
It is preferable to recycling because the item does not need to be re-processed before it can be used again which saves both money and reduces the environmental impact.

A food chain consist of
  • a)
    Producers
  • b)
    Consumers
  • c)
    Decomposers
  • d)
    Producers and consumers
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Riicho Bamin answered
A food chain requires, first and foremost, a food source, which are the producers (also known as Autotrophs). The Autotrophs use inorganic chemicals like carbon dioxide and water, with a source of energy, i.e. sunlight, to produce organic molecules ,like carbohydrates etc, which sever as food for the entire food chain.

These food molecules then can be utilized by the different levels in the food chain, with some organisms serving as a source of these molecules for animals in the higher tier of food chain.

Coliform is a group of bacteria’s found in
  • a)
    human liver
  • b)
    human lungs
  • c)
    human alimentary canal
  • d)
    human Intestines
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Patel answered
That are commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans. They are a type of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that can indicate the presence of fecal contamination in water or food.

Coliform bacteria are not typically harmful themselves, but their presence can indicate the potential presence of other harmful bacteria, such as E. coli, which is a specific type of coliform bacteria. Therefore, the detection of coliform bacteria is often used as an indicator of water or food safety.

The most commonly used test for coliform bacteria is the coliform count, which measures the number of coliform bacteria present in a given sample. If the coliform count exceeds a certain threshold, it suggests that the water or food may be contaminated with fecal matter and may pose a health risk.

Coliform bacteria can enter water or food through various sources, including sewage leaks, animal waste, and poor hygiene practices. Therefore, it is important to maintain proper sanitation and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of coliform bacteria and reduce the risk of water or foodborne illnesses.

When we destroy a forest, we destroy
a)the aquatic life
b)pollution of environment
c)the environment
d)shelter of human beings
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
The environment because the environment is the life support of living things and our environment consists of many varieties of plants, many varieties of algae and it provides us all with oxygen. So, the environment is the correct answer.

Function of an ecosystem involves-
  • a)
    Energy flow and nutrient movement
  • b)
    Energy flow only
  • c)
    Nutrient flow only
  • d)
    None of the above.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vijay Bansal answered
Function of an ecosystem involves:

Energy flow and nutrient movement

Explanation:
Ecosystems are complex and dynamic systems that consist of living organisms (biotic components) and their physical environment (abiotic components). The functioning of an ecosystem involves the flow of energy and the movement of nutrients.

Energy flow:
- Energy flows through an ecosystem in a unidirectional manner. It enters the ecosystem through the producers (plants) via the process of photosynthesis, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy.
- This energy is then transferred to the primary consumers (herbivores) when they consume the producers.
- The energy continues to flow through the ecosystem as it is passed on from one trophic level to another. Each trophic level represents a feeding level in the food chain.
- The energy is eventually lost as heat during various biological processes, such as respiration and movement.

Nutrient movement:
- Nutrients, on the other hand, cycle within an ecosystem. They are continuously recycled between the biotic and abiotic components.
- For example, plants absorb nutrients from the soil and incorporate them into their tissues.
- When consumers feed on these plants, they obtain the nutrients and incorporate them into their own bodies.
- When organisms die or produce waste, the nutrients are released back into the environment through processes like decomposition.
- Microorganisms decompose organic matter and break it down into simpler forms, releasing nutrients that can be used by plants again.
- This nutrient cycling ensures that essential elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, are constantly available for living organisms.

Importance:
The functioning of an ecosystem is crucial for the overall health and stability of the environment. The energy flow and nutrient movement within an ecosystem are interconnected and support the following:

1. Organism survival: Energy is required for the growth, reproduction, and metabolism of organisms. Nutrients are essential for the development and functioning of their cells and tissues.

2. Food chain/web: The energy flow through different trophic levels forms the basis of food chains and food webs. This allows for the transfer of energy and nutrients between different species.

3. Ecological balance: Nutrient cycling helps maintain the balance of essential elements in the environment. This ensures that all organisms have access to the necessary nutrients for their survival.

4. Biodiversity: Energy flow and nutrient cycling support the diversity of species within an ecosystem. Different organisms have specific energy and nutrient requirements, and their interactions contribute to the overall biodiversity.

In conclusion, the function of an ecosystem involves both the flow of energy and the movement of nutrients. These processes are interconnected and play a vital role in sustaining life within the ecosystem.

Assertion (A): All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms, and human beings interact with each other and maintain a balance in nature.
Reason (R): An ecosystem consists of biotic components comprising living organisms and abiotic components comprising physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil, and minerals.
  • a)
    If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • b)
    If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • c)
    If Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • d)
    If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

K.L Institute answered
  • Assertion: In this scenario, the Assertion is correct as it highlights the interaction and balance maintenance in nature by various organisms.
  • Reason: The Reason is also accurate, explaining the components of an ecosystem. However, the Reason is not a direct explanation of the Assertion; rather, it provides additional information about what constitutes an ecosystem. Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

Chapter doubts & questions for Environment & natural resources - Science for Super TET 2025 is part of Super TET exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the Super TET exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for Super TET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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