All questions of Family and Friends for CTET & State TET Exam

Explanation:

Why the correct answer is option 'B' (He is addicted to tobacco):
- Addiction to tobacco is a common issue that many people face. Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, can lead to physical dependence, making it difficult for individuals to quit even if they are aware of the health risks.
- Chandu's father's inability to quit despite being aware of the dangers indicates that he is likely addicted to tobacco. Addiction is characterized by a compulsive need to use a substance, even when it is harmful.
- Addiction to tobacco can be both physical and psychological. The body becomes dependent on nicotine, leading to withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit. Additionally, the habit of smoking or chewing tobacco may be ingrained in daily routines, making it challenging to break the habit.
- Chandu's concern for his father's health is valid, but addiction is a powerful force that requires support and resources to overcome. Encouraging his father to seek help or resources for quitting may be a more effective approach than simply telling him to stop.
- It is essential to approach addiction with understanding and compassion, as it is a complex issue that requires patience and support to overcome.
In conclusion, Chandu's father's continued tobacco use despite knowing the risks highlights the powerful nature of addiction, emphasizing the need for support and resources to address this issue effectively.

• Family members are individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together as a household.
• The composition of a family may vary across cultures and societies, but generally includes parents, children, and other relatives.

• Grandparents are considered family members, as they are typically related by blood or marriage and form a part of the extended family.
• In-laws are considered family members, as they are related through marriage and form a part of the extended family.
• Parents are considered family members, as they are typically related by blood and form a part of the immediate family.
• Friends are not considered family members, as they are not related by blood, marriage, or adoption. While friends may form close bonds and provide emotional support, they are not considered part of the family.

• The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
• A belief or custom handed down from one generation to another.

•  The family system is found in all societies.
• Family bonds and types of the family differ from one society to another. E.g.: In India, the family bonds are very strong.

• It is a common practice for families to have a “nomenclature”. Every family is identified with a particular name.

• Socialization is a learning process that makes an individual an acceptable member of society.
• It is often remarked that “home” is the first school and the mother is the first teacher.
• A child learns norms from his family members such as cleanliness eating habits etc.

• An individual acquires values from his family.
• Values can be defined as beliefs strongly held by individuals.
• Family teaches, certain values like respect for elders, helping the youngsters, Love, and affection for each other, etc.

• Family plays a major role in Moulding the personality of an individual.
• Personality is reflected in the behaviour of individuals. E.g.: Over pampering of children may make them stubborn and egoistic.
• The relationship of the members of a family are socially sanctioned and are traditional.
•  Living together with various members of a family is also one of its characteristics.

• Living peacefully and respecting each other's rights.
• Never compromise on integrity for prosperity.
• Maintain strong bonds with family members as well as relatives.
• Being hospitable to everyone who comes to your home, irrespective of his caste, creed, financial position, or status.
• Treating guests as God i.e. 'Atithi Devo Bhava'.
• Remembering and bowing to God first thing in the morning.
• Indulging in yoga and meditation.
• Always taking the advice of elders in case of any important decision.

• ​A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a joint family.
• The most aged man is the head of the family.
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially
   common in India.
• The joint family is an 
  extension of the nuclear family
   (parents and dependent children)
• The size of the joint family is
   large, consisting of an older man and his wife, his sons and unmarried daughters, his sons’ wives and children, and so forth.
• All the family members 
  love
   each other and 
  motivate
   for any work.
• Due to elders in the family, 
  children learn discipline at an early age.
• These types of families are usually
   found in village areas where big families stay together.

• A patriarchal family is a type of family in which all 
  authority belongs to the paternal side.
• In this family, the 
  eldest male or the father is the head of the family.
• He exercises his authority over the members of the family.
• He presides over the religious rites of the household;
   he is the guardian of the family goods.
• A patrilocal residence is structured by a rule that a man remains in his father's house 
  after reaching maturity and brings his wife to live with his family after marriage.
•  Daughters, conversely, 
  move out of their natal household when they marry.

Family as an Agency of Primary Socialisation
Family plays a crucial role in the socialization process of the young generation, particularly in the primary stage of socialization. Here is how the family serves as an agency of primary socialization:

Foundation of Values and Beliefs:
- The family is the first social institution that a child encounters, and it is where they learn basic values, beliefs, and norms of society.
- Children observe and imitate the behavior of their family members, which helps shape their understanding of social norms and expectations.

Language Acquisition:
- Family is where children first learn to communicate and acquire language skills. They interact with family members in their early years, which lays the foundation for their language development.

Emotional Development:
- The emotional bond and support provided by the family contribute to the emotional development of children. They learn to express and regulate their emotions in a family setting.

Identity Formation:
- Family influences the development of a child's self-concept and identity. Children learn about their roles, responsibilities, and relationships within the family structure.

Social Skills:
- Interactions within the family help children develop social skills such as sharing, cooperation, and conflict resolution. These skills are essential for their interactions with others outside the family.
In conclusion, the family is an agency of primary socialization as it lays the groundwork for children's understanding of society, culture, and interpersonal relationships. The values, beliefs, and behaviors imparted by the family in the early years significantly impact the social development of individuals.

Understanding Family Characteristics
When analyzing the characteristics of a family, we must delve into the essential qualities that define familial structures. Among the options provided, option 'B' is identified as not a characteristic of a family. Here’s a detailed explanation.
Financial Independence of Members
- Families often consist of members who support each other emotionally, physically, and financially.
- It is common for some family members, such as children or elderly parents, to rely on others for financial support.
- Family dynamics do not necessitate that every member be financially independent; rather, interdependence is a hallmark of familial relationships.
Variability in Family Size
- The number of family members can change due to various reasons like birth, marriage, or loss.
- Families are dynamic, and their size is subject to change over time, reflecting the fluid nature of relationships.
Shared Living Arrangements
- Families typically share a living space and resources, which includes housing and food.
- This shared environment fosters a sense of belonging and communal support among family members.
Responsibility for Children
- Families share the responsibility of nurturing and safeguarding children.
- This collective responsibility emphasizes the protective nature of family units and their role in child development.
Conclusion
In summary, while a family may not have every member financially supporting themselves, they thrive on mutual care, shared resources, and collective responsibilities. This interdependence is what truly defines the essence of a family.

• Families are of different types.
• Some are joint family, extended family, nuclear or single-parent family.

• People stay together in a family.
• The family members love and take care of each other.
• They cook and eat together.
• The entire family watches TV, plays games and goes out together.
• The elders of the family work hard to earn money and 
  support each other financially.
• An elder in the family cooks delicious food for other members.
• Sometimes, a new member comes into the family.
• Sometimes, a family member dies or passes away.
• The children go to school and study regularly.
• Shared responsibility and safety of children.

• ​
  A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a 
  joint family
  .
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially common in 

  India

  .

• An extended family is used in a
   broader sense
   than a joint family.
• The extended family is a family that consists of parents, children, uncle, aunt, grandparents, their relatives etc.

• A nuclear family consist of a couple and their children(1 or more).
• It is also known as elementary family or conjugal family or small families.

• Single
  -
  parent
   families are families with children under age 18 headed by a 
  parent
   who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a 
  parent
   who has never married.
• In such type of families, 
  children live with only one parent.

• The family life cycle adopts a longitudinal view of family life.
• It is based on the recognition of successive phases and patterns as they happen over the years.
• The family life cycle generally consists of seven stages.

• A married couple without children.
• It is the stage of family founding.
• The first stage begins with the establishment period.
• It all starts with marriage and lasts until the first child is born.

• Second stage: Child-bearing family.
• Third stage: Family with preschool-age children.
• Fourth stage: Family with school-age children and adolescents.
• Fifth stage: Family launching young adults into higher education/work.
• Sixth stage: Middle-aged parents with grown-up/married children.
• Seventh stage: Ageing couple—retirement to death of both spouses.

• Individualism is characterised by a lack of interpersonal ties and self-reliance.
• Individualistic cultures are those that put the needs of the individual before the needs of the group.
• In this kind of culture, people are seen as independent and autonomous.
• A person's opinions and preferences frequently influence their social behaviour.

• Western civilization is frequently regarded as individualistic and its inhabitants as having a more independent sense of self.
• A person is thought to be essentially composed of personal characteristics like personality traits, attitudes and beliefs. 

• Individualists place a strong emphasis on the idea that family members should be able to solve issues or achieve goals independently, without the need for others' help.
• People are viewed as "excellent" in individualistic families if they are robust, self-sufficient, outspoken, and independent.