All questions of Methods & Activities for EVS for CTET & State TET Exam

Group discussion is an example of permissive style of teaching strategy.

Top-Down Method
The Top-Down method is a deductive approach used in problem-solving and decision-making. Let's break down why the correct answer is option 'A' - deductive.

Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning starts with a general principle or theory and then applies it to a specific case or situation. In the Top-Down method, the process begins with a broad understanding of the problem or goal and then narrows down to specific details and actions. This systematic approach allows individuals to make logical deductions and reach conclusions based on the initial premises.

Characteristics of Top-Down Method
- Begins with a general concept or theory
- Proceeds to specific details and actions
- Uses deductive reasoning to solve problems or make decisions
- Helps in organizing thoughts and ideas systematically
- Enables individuals to focus on the big picture before delving into specifics

Application in Problem-Solving
In problem-solving, the Top-Down method helps individuals break down complex issues into manageable parts. By starting with overarching principles and objectives, they can then analyze the situation step by step, leading to a more structured and logical approach to finding solutions.

Conclusion
The Top-Down method, characterized by deductive reasoning, is a valuable tool in various fields such as education, business, and science. By applying this systematic approach, individuals can effectively tackle challenges and make informed decisions.

Problem-solving method is based on Heuristic method.

Caldwell Cook said “Play is a natural instinct”.

Heuristic Method Overview
The heuristic method in education emphasizes learning through discovery and problem-solving, allowing students to explore and engage actively with the material. This approach fosters critical thinking and creativity.
Propounded by Armstrong
The correct answer is option 'B', as the heuristic method is notably associated with educational theorist Armstrong. His contributions to educational psychology highlighted the importance of experiential learning and cognitive strategies that promote self-directed learning.
Key Features of the Heuristic Method
- Discovery Learning: Students learn by exploring, experimenting, and making discoveries on their own rather than passively receiving information.
- Problem-Solving: Emphasizes solving real-world problems, encouraging students to think critically and apply knowledge practically.
- Active Engagement: Students are active participants in their learning process, enhancing motivation and retention of knowledge.
- Adaptability: The method can be tailored to suit different learning styles, making it versatile for diverse classroom settings.
Importance in Education
The heuristic method is significant in contemporary education as it prepares students for real-life challenges by developing essential skills such as:
- Critical Thinking: Enhances the ability to analyze and evaluate information effectively.
- Creativity: Encourages innovative thinking and problem-solving abilities.
- Independence: Fosters a sense of ownership over the learning process, promoting lifelong learning.
In summary, the heuristic method, championed by Armstrong, plays a vital role in shaping modern educational practices, focusing on student-centered learning and the development of essential life skills.

Different skills are used in order to learn new things in the process approach.

A characteristic of conceptual approach is that things are learned in a very detailed form regarding their principles, mechanisms, applications, etc.

Autocratic is not considered an approach in the teaching-learning process.

The Descriptive method is fully dependent on the teacher’s communication skill.

An authoritarian level of teaching is teacher-centered.

The advantage of the Deductive method is that it can be used for all subjects, it is appropriate for higher level classes, and the teacher can teach all students at a time.

Teachers emphasize interdisciplinary teaching and learning in their own classes through topics, examples, and teaching methods.

Micro-teaching helps to develop both lecturing skill and questioning skill.

In permissive style of teaching strategy, both teachers and students remain active in teaching.

A story which has many characters and creates much excitement is not necessarily a quality of a good story.

The advantage of team-teaching is that it deepens students' analytical abilities, improves student-teacher relationships, and is a technique to form instructional conditions.

Excursion method is important because it helps in developing cooperative attitude and various other skills, it helps in the development of creative faculties of the students, and it provides a direct source of knowledge and acquaints the student with first-hand information.

Micro-teaching is useful to students of higher classes and primary classes both.

Role playing, project, and brainstorming are examples of permissive style of teaching strategy.

Both E Stones and S Morris said, “The lesson strategy is a part of a larger development scheme of the curriculum.”