All questions of Basics of Internet for UGC NET Exam

Understanding Email Protocols
When it comes to downloading emails from a server to a computer, various protocols are employed. Among them, the most relevant for this purpose is POP, which stands for Post Office Protocol.

What is POP?
POP is designed specifically for retrieving emails from a mail server. Here’s a breakdown of how it functions:
- **Download and Store**: POP allows email clients to download emails from the server to the local device. Once downloaded, emails are typically removed from the server, making them accessible offline.
- **User Control**: Users have the option to configure their email client to either delete emails from the server after downloading or keep a copy on the server for future access.

Comparison with Other Protocols
- **SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)**: SMTP is used for sending emails rather than downloading. It works as the outgoing mail server, handling the transmission of emails sent from client to server.
- **FTP (File Transfer Protocol)**: FTP is not used in email contexts; it’s designed for transferring files between computers over a network.
- **TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)**: While TCP is a foundational communication protocol that supports various applications, including email, it is not specifically dedicated to email retrieval.

Why Choose POP?
- **Offline Access**: One of the primary advantages of POP is the ability to access emails without an internet connection once downloaded.
- **Simplicity**: POP is straightforward and effective for users who primarily access their emails from a single device.
In summary, POP is the correct answer for downloading emails to a computer, as it is specifically designed for this purpose, unlike SMTP, FTP, or TCP.

WWW stands for World Wide Web, which is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs.

Incorrect Statement Explanation

Recurring expenditure on e-mail communication is very high:
- This statement is incorrect because the cost of sending emails through the Internet is relatively low compared to traditional mail services.
- Email communication is a cost-effective way to communicate with individuals or groups over long distances.
- Businesses and individuals can send emails at a fraction of the cost of traditional postal services, making it a preferred mode of communication for many.

Other Statements Explanation

It is the largest online information system:
- This statement is correct as the Internet is a vast network that connects millions of computers worldwide, making it the largest online information system.

It provides a dependable mode for sending e-mail:
- This statement is correct as email communication over the Internet is reliable and efficient, allowing individuals and businesses to send messages quickly and securely.

It has triggered cyber-crimes due to misuse:
- This statement is correct as the Internet has opened up opportunities for cyber-crimes such as hacking, phishing, and identity theft due to the misuse of online platforms and services.

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, which is used to identify and locate a specific web page or resource on the Internet.

An IP address is a numerical label assigned to devices connected to a network. The correct format is four groups of numbers separated by dots, with each number ranging from 0 to 255.

Understanding the Internet
The correct answer is option 'D', the Internet, which is the global network that connects millions of computers and people worldwide. Here’s a detailed explanation:
What is the Internet?
- The Internet is a vast network of interconnected computers that communicate with one another using standardized protocols.
- It enables the sharing of information, resources, and services across different regions and countries.
Key Features of the Internet
- Global Connectivity: The Internet connects devices and users globally, facilitating communication irrespective of geographical boundaries.
- Information Sharing: Users can access and share vast amounts of information through various platforms, including websites, social media, and email.
- Protocols: It operates on a set of protocols (like TCP/IP) that ensure data is transmitted accurately and efficiently.
Comparison with Other Options
- LAN (Local Area Network): A LAN connects computers within a limited area, like a home or office, and does not provide the global reach of the Internet.
- Web: While often used interchangeably with the Internet, the web is actually a service that operates over the Internet, allowing users to access websites and online resources.
- Hypertext: This refers to a way of presenting information that allows users to navigate between related content through links, but it is just a feature of the web, not the entire Internet.
Conclusion
In summary, the Internet is the essential framework that connects millions of computers and users worldwide, making it the correct answer to the question. It is distinct from LAN, the web, and hypertext, which serve specific purposes within the broader Internet ecosystem.

Understanding Internet Service Interfaces
The question asks about which Internet service offers a multimedia interface to resources. The correct answer is the World Wide Web (option 'B'). Here's why:
Multimedia Capabilities
- The World Wide Web is designed to display a wide range of multimedia content, including:
- Text
- Images
- Videos
- Audio
- It allows for interactive content through technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, enabling richer user experiences.
Accessing Resources
- Through web browsers, users can access various resources hosted on web servers.
- The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) system helps users locate these resources easily.
Comparison with Other Options
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- Primarily used for transferring files between computers.
- Does not provide a multimedia interface; it's more about file management.
- Domain Name
- Serves as a human-readable address for websites.
- It does not offer any multimedia features or functionalities on its own.
- Web Browser
- While it is essential for accessing the World Wide Web, it is not an Internet service itself.
- It acts as a tool to navigate and display web content.
Conclusion
The World Wide Web stands out as the primary Internet service that offers a comprehensive multimedia interface, making it the correct answer to the question. It integrates various types of content and provides an interactive platform for users.

URL, uniform resource locator

- **Development of the Internet in the 1960s**
The Internet was developed in the 1960s through a project called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), now known as DARPA.
- **Origin and Purpose**
ARPANET was created in 1969 with the goal of developing a network that could withstand a nuclear attack. It was a decentralized network that allowed researchers to share information and resources. This laid the foundation for the modern Internet.
- **Key Milestones**
1. In 1969, the first message was sent over ARPANET between two computers at UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute.
2. In the early 1970s, email was introduced as a way for users to communicate over the network.
3. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) was developed in the late 1970s, providing a common language for different networks to communicate with each other.
- **Expansion and Commercialization**
Throughout the 1980s, the Internet continued to expand, connecting more universities, research institutions, and eventually commercial entities. In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was introduced, leading to the exponential growth of the Internet as we know it today.
Thus, the Internet was developed in the 1960s as a research project that evolved into a global network connecting billions of users worldwide.

Designing is not a feature of the Internet itself. The Internet provides services like email, newsgroups, and chat, but designing refers to the process of creating websites or digital content.

With POP3 and IMAP accounts, users need to connect to the server to send and receive emails, but they can read and compose emails offline.

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is used to transfer files between computers over a network.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the suite of communication protocols used to connect devices on the Internet.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol for accessing and transmitting web pages on the Internet.

A website is a collection of web pages, and the very first page that appears when opening a website is called the home page.

An Intranet is a private network used within an organization, allowing employees to securely share information and resources.

The Internet allows users to perform a variety of activities such as sending emails, viewing web pages, and connecting to servers globally.

Internet Explorer is a web browser developed by Microsoft that allows users to access and navigate the Internet.

The first web browser was called World Wide Web, later renamed Nexus, and it was developed by Tim Berners-Lee.

TCP/IP is necessary to connect to the Internet as it defines how data is transmitted and received over the network.