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All questions of Land and Earth for Grade 2 Exam

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Arrange the following in the increasing order of the size. The Earth, the Moon and the Sun,
  • a)
    The Sun - the Moon - the Earth
  • b)
    The Moon - the Sun - the Earth
  • c)
    The Earth - the Moon - the Sun
  • d)
    The Moon - the Earth - the Sun  
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nilesh Khanna answered
Ascending Order of Size of Earth, Moon, and Sun

The size of celestial bodies is measured in terms of their diameter. The diameter of the Earth, Moon, and Sun are as follows:

- Earth: 12,742 km
- Moon: 3,474 km
- Sun: 1,391,000 km

To arrange them in increasing order of size, we need to start with the smallest and move towards the largest.

1. The Moon
The Moon is the smallest of the three celestial bodies. It has a diameter of 3,474 km.

2. The Earth
The Earth is the second largest of the three celestial bodies. It has a diameter of 12,742 km.

3. The Sun
The Sun is the largest of the three celestial bodies. It has a diameter of 1,391,000 km.

Therefore, the correct order of the size of Earth, Moon, and Sun in ascending order is:

The Moon - The Earth - The Sun (Option D)

When we observe a ship sailing away from the shore the tower part of the ship disappears first from the sight. Then at last, the flag at the top pole disappears. This is possible only if the Earth is:
  • a)
    round shaped 
  • b)
    zig zag shaped
  • c)
    slate shaped
  • d)
    flat
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Naveen Pillai answered
Explanation:


When a ship sails away from the shore, it appears to go down slowly and gradually. This happens because of the curvature of the Earth's surface. The Earth is round-shaped, and as the ship moves away from the shore, its bottom part disappears first, followed by the middle part, and eventually the top part. This happens because the Earth's surface curves downwards, and eventually, the ship goes below the horizon line.

Proof:


To understand this phenomenon, we can conduct a simple experiment. Take a basketball or any other round object and place a small object on top of it. Now, move the small object away from the center of the basketball. As you move it away, the object will appear to go down, and eventually, it will disappear from sight. This happens because the surface of the basketball curves downwards, just like the surface of the Earth.

Conclusion:


This observation proves that the Earth is round-shaped. If the Earth were flat, the entire ship would remain visible until it went out of sight. However, since the Earth is round, the curvature of its surface causes the ship to disappear gradually as it moves away from the shore.

The full moon day is also called?
  • a)
    amavasya
  • b)
    purnima  
  • c)
    crescent moon
  • d)
    new moon day
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sankar Yadav answered
Explanation:

The full moon day is also known as "Purnima" in Hindu mythology. It is one of the most important and auspicious days in the lunar calendar. Purnima is derived from the Sanskrit word "Purnamasi" which means "full moon."

Significance of Purnima:
Purnima holds great significance in various cultures and religions. It is believed to be a time of spiritual growth, enlightenment, and divine blessings. Many religious rituals and festivals are celebrated on this day.

Importance in Hinduism:
In Hinduism, Purnima is considered sacred and is associated with various deities and celestial beings. It is believed that on this day, the moon is in its full glory and radiates positive energy. Some of the major Hindu festivals celebrated on Purnima are:
- Raksha Bandhan: A festival celebrating the bond between brothers and sisters.
- Guru Purnima: A day to honor and express gratitude towards spiritual and academic teachers.
- Sharad Purnima: The full moon day in the month of Ashwin, celebrated with dance and music.

Other Cultures and Beliefs:
Purnima is not just significant in Hinduism but also in other cultures and beliefs. Some examples include:
- Buddhist Purnima: Celebrated as Vesak or Buddha Purnima, commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and death of Gautam Buddha.
- Jain Purnima: Celebrated as Paryushana, a time of self-reflection and spiritual purification for Jains.
- Chinese Purnima: Celebrated as Mid-Autumn Festival, where families gather to admire the full moon and enjoy mooncakes.

Conclusion:
The full moon day is known as Purnima and holds immense cultural, religious, and spiritual significance. It is a time for celebration, reflection, and seeking blessings. Purnima is a beautiful phenomenon observed by people worldwide, connecting them with nature and the celestial realm.

Which of the following is NOT a hard rock?
  • a)
    Granite   
  • b)
    Marble
  • c)
    Diamond
  • d)
    Graphite
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ujwal Verma answered
Explanation:
A hard rock is a type of rock that has a high resistance to scratching and abrasion. It is characterized by its strong and durable nature. While all of the options given (granite, marble, diamond, and graphite) are types of rocks, only one of them is not considered a hard rock.

Granite:
Granite is a type of igneous rock that is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava. It is composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Granite is known for its durability and strength, making it a popular choice for construction and countertops.

Marble:
Marble is a metamorphic rock that is formed from limestone under heat and pressure. It is composed mainly of calcite or dolomite minerals. Marble is prized for its beauty and is often used in sculptures, building materials, and decorative purposes. While marble is relatively soft compared to other rocks, it is still considered a hard rock.

Diamond:
Diamond is a mineral composed of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure. It is the hardest known natural substance, scoring 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under high pressure and temperature. They are commonly used in jewelry and industrial applications such as cutting and grinding due to their extreme hardness.

Graphite:
Graphite is a form of carbon that occurs naturally as a mineral. It is composed of stacked layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice structure. Graphite is very soft and has a low hardness value on the Mohs scale. It is commonly used in pencils and lubricants due to its slippery and low-friction properties. Unlike the other options, graphite is not considered a hard rock.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' (Graphite).

A soft, white rock that is used to write on blackboards is
  • a)
    graphite. 
  • b)
    chalk.  
  • c)
    talc. 
  • d)
    quartz.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Atul menon answered
Chalk as a Writing Tool
Chalk is a soft, white rock that is commonly used to write on blackboards. Here's why chalk is the correct answer for this question:

Composition:
- Chalk is primarily composed of calcium carbonate, which gives it its characteristic white color and soft texture.
- The softness of chalk makes it easy to write with on a blackboard, as it leaves a visible mark without damaging the surface.

Usage on Blackboards:
- Chalk has been used as a writing tool on blackboards for centuries due to its effectiveness and affordability.
- When writing with chalk on a blackboard, the calcium carbonate in the chalk leaves a white mark on the dark surface, making it highly visible.

Alternative Options:
- Graphite is a dark, metallic mineral used in pencils, not chalk.
- Talc is a soft mineral often used in cosmetics and baby powder, not chalk.
- Quartz is a hard mineral commonly used in jewelry and construction, not chalk.
In conclusion, chalk is the correct answer for a soft, white rock used to write on blackboards due to its composition, historical usage, and distinctive properties that make it suitable for this purpose.

Which of the following is NOT correct about diamond?
  • a)
    It is transparent with no colour.
  • b)
    It can be used for cutting glass.
  • c)
    It is used for making jewellery.
  • d)
    It is a soft rock.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Manasa Banerjee answered
Explanation:

Introduction:
Diamond is a precious gemstone that has been highly valued for its beauty and durability for centuries. It is one of the hardest naturally occurring substances found on Earth.

Properties of Diamond:
1. Transparency and Color: Diamond is transparent, meaning it allows light to pass through it. It is colorless, but it can also come in various colors such as yellow, blue, pink, etc., depending on impurities present in the crystal lattice. So, option (a) is correct.

2. Cutting Glass: Diamond is extremely hard and has a high refractive index, which means it can be used for cutting and shaping other materials. Due to its hardness, it can easily scratch and cut glass. This property makes diamond an ideal tool for industrial use, especially in cutting and grinding operations. So, option (b) is correct.

3. Use in Jewellery: Diamond is highly prized for its beauty and is extensively used in making jewellery. It is cut into various shapes and sizes, such as round, princess, oval, etc., and set in precious metals like gold or platinum to create stunning pieces of jewellery. Diamonds are often used as center stones in engagement rings, earrings, necklaces, and bracelets. So, option (c) is correct.

4. Hardness: Diamond is the hardest known natural material. It scores a perfect 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which measures a mineral's resistance to scratching. This means that diamond is extremely durable and resistant to wear. It can only be scratched by another diamond. So, option (d) is incorrect. Diamond is not a soft rock but the hardest naturally occurring substance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, diamond is a transparent gemstone that can cut glass and is extensively used in jewellery making. It is not a soft rock but the hardest natural material. Therefore, option (d) is not correct.

What is the shape of the Earth?
  • a)
    Perfect square
  • b)
    Round like a ball
  • c)
    Flat like a paper
  • d)
    Triangle
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Tiwari answered
Earth looks round, like a ball, but is slightly flat at the top and bottom.

It is a bit wider in the middle, like an orange.

Photos from space confirm this shape.

Water and wind can break rock into smaller pieces. What happens to these pieces when they break up?
  • a)
    Plants use them for energy.
  • b)
    They become part of the soil.
  • c)
    They become food for animals.
  • d)
    They turn into earthworms.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Niti verma answered
What happens to the pieces when rocks break up?

When rocks are broken up by water and wind, the smaller pieces that are produced are not simply discarded or destroyed. Instead, they go through a natural process that allows them to become an essential part of the environment. The correct answer to the question is option 'B' - they become part of the soil. Let's explore this in more detail.

1. Weathering and erosion:
- Water and wind are agents of weathering and erosion, meaning they have the ability to break down rocks into smaller pieces.
- Water enters the cracks and crevices of rocks, and when it freezes and expands, it exerts pressure that causes the rock to break apart.
- Wind can carry small particles such as sand, which can act as abrasives, wearing down rocks over time.

2. Formation of soil:
- The smaller pieces of rock that result from weathering and erosion are called sediment.
- Sediment can vary in size, from tiny particles like clay to larger fragments like sand and gravel.
- Over time, these sediments accumulate and mix with organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, to form soil.
- The process of soil formation is called pedogenesis.

3. Importance of soil:
- Soil is a vital resource for plants, animals, and humans.
- It provides a medium for plant growth, supplying nutrients, water, and anchorage for roots.
- Soil also serves as a habitat for a wide range of organisms, including earthworms, insects, microorganisms, and burrowing animals.
- It acts as a filter, purifying water as it percolates through the soil layers.

4. Nutrient cycling:
- As rocks break down and become part of the soil, they release minerals and nutrients that are essential for plant growth.
- This process, known as nutrient cycling, ensures that these vital elements are continuously recycled and available for use by living organisms.

Conclusion:
In summary, when rocks break up due to the forces of water and wind, the smaller pieces become part of the soil. This process is important for the formation of soil, which provides essential nutrients and support for plant growth, serves as a habitat for various organisms, and plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling.

Pebbles are
  • a)
    a kind of rock
  • b)
    a kind of mineral
  • c)
    a kind of soil
  • d)
    all of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Malavika Sen answered
Explanation:

Pebbles are a kind of rock:
- Pebbles are small, rounded rocks that are typically smooth and often found on beaches, riverbeds, or in other natural environments.
- They are formed through the natural process of erosion and weathering, which breaks down larger rocks into smaller pieces over time.
- Pebbles are composed of various minerals and can vary in color, size, and shape depending on their geological origin.

Pebbles are not a kind of mineral or soil:
- While pebbles are made up of minerals, they are not classified as a specific type of mineral themselves.
- Similarly, pebbles are not considered soil, as soil is a mixture of organic and inorganic materials that support plant life and is typically found on the Earth's surface.

Conclusion:
Pebbles are a type of rock that can be found in various natural environments, and they are formed through the process of erosion and weathering. They are not classified as a mineral or soil, but rather as small, rounded rocks composed of different minerals.

What surrounds Earth and gives us air to breathe?
  • a)
    Atmosphere
  • b)
    Clouds
  • c)
    Sunlight
  • d)
    Rain
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mihir Pillai answered
What is the Atmosphere?
The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is essential for life and plays a crucial role in various natural processes.
Composition of the Atmosphere
- The atmosphere is made up of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and small amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor.
- Oxygen is the most important component as it is vital for humans and animals to breathe.
Functions of the Atmosphere
- Provides Air to Breathe: The atmosphere contains oxygen, which is necessary for respiration in living organisms.
- Regulates Temperature: It helps to keep the Earth's temperature stable by trapping heat from the sun, preventing extreme temperature changes.
- Protects from Harmful Radiation: The atmosphere absorbs and reflects harmful solar radiation, safeguarding life on Earth.
- Weather and Climate: It is responsible for weather patterns and climate, influencing rainfall, temperature, and wind.
Conclusion
Thus, the atmosphere is fundamental for sustaining life on Earth by providing the air we breathe, regulating temperature, and protecting us from harmful elements. It is vital to understand and appreciate this protective layer that surrounds our planet.

The shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during eclipse is.
  • a)
    shaped  
  • b)
    line shaped
  • c)
    rectangle shaped
  • d)
    round shaped  
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnav Nambiar answered
The shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during an eclipse is round shaped.

Eclipses occur when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another. In the case of a lunar eclipse, the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon's surface. This shadow is responsible for the darkening or reddening of the Moon during an eclipse.

1. The Earth's Shadow
The Earth's shadow has two parts: the penumbra and the umbra. The penumbra is the outer part of the shadow and is not completely dark. It gradually gets darker towards the center, where the umbra begins. The umbra is the inner part of the shadow and is completely dark.

2. Shape of the Earth's Shadow
The shape of the Earth's shadow is round. This is because the Earth is a spherical shape, and when it blocks the Sun's light, it creates a circular shadow. The curvature of the Earth determines the shape of the shadow.

3. Projection onto the Moon
When the Earth casts its shadow onto the Moon during a lunar eclipse, the round shape of the shadow is projected onto the Moon's surface. This is why during a total lunar eclipse, we see a perfectly round shadow covering the Moon. The shadow may appear slightly distorted due to the irregularities on the Moon's surface, but overall, it retains its round shape.

4. Variation in Shadow Size
The size of the Earth's shadow on the Moon can vary during different stages of an eclipse. At the beginning and end of a lunar eclipse, when the Moon is partially in the Earth's shadow, the shadow may appear slightly elongated. However, during a total lunar eclipse, when the Moon is fully within the umbra, the shadow takes on a more distinct and round shape.

In conclusion, the shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during an eclipse is round shaped. This is due to the Earth's spherical shape and the projection of its shadow onto the Moon's surface.

How much of the Earth is covered with water?
  • a)
    All of it
  • b)
    Two-thirds
  • c)
    One-third
  • d)
    Half
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnav Nambiar answered
Understanding Earth's Water Coverage
Earth is often referred to as the "Blue Planet" due to its vast oceans and water bodies. Approximately two-thirds of the planet's surface is covered with water.
Water Distribution
- Oceans: About 97% of Earth's water is found in the oceans, which are salty and cover around 71% of the Earth's surface.
- Freshwater Sources: The remaining 3% of Earth's water is fresh, primarily found in glaciers, ice caps, rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers.
Importance of Water Coverage
- Climate Regulation: Water plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and weather patterns.
- Habitats: Oceans and freshwater bodies provide essential habitats for countless species of plants and animals.
- Human Needs: Water is vital for human survival, agriculture, and industry, making its abundance critical for life.
Conclusion
In summary, the correct answer is option 'B' because two-thirds of the Earth's surface is indeed covered by water, highlighting the importance of this resource in sustaining life and maintaining ecological balance.

Which of the following is a star?
  • a)
    Sun
  • b)
    Moon
  • c)
    Earth
  • d)
    Comet
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Glitz Classes answered
Answer:
Star:
- A star is a celestial object that generates its own light and energy through nuclear fusion in its core.
- Stars are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
- They exist in different sizes, colors, and temperatures.
- Stars can be categorized into different types such as main sequence stars, giant stars, dwarf stars, and supergiant stars.
- The Sun is considered a star.
- It is located at the center of our solar system.
- The Sun is classified as a main sequence star of spectral type G2V.
- It is approximately 4.6 billion years old and will continue to shine for several billion more years.
- The Sun's energy sustains life on Earth through the process of photosynthesis and provides heat and light.
Moon:
- The Moon is Earth's natural satellite.
- It does not generate its own light but reflects the sunlight.
- The Moon orbits around the Earth and takes about 27.3 days to complete one revolution.
- It has phases, such as full moon, new moon, crescent moon, and gibbous moon, depending on its position relative to the Earth and the Sun.
- The Moon has a rocky surface and lacks an atmosphere.
- It influences tides on Earth due to its gravitational pull.
Earth:
- Earth is the third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
- It is a terrestrial planet with a solid surface and an atmosphere.
- Earth is the only known planet to support life.
- It has a diverse range of ecosystems and is home to millions of species.
- Earth has a magnetic field that protects it from harmful solar radiation.
- It takes approximately 365.25 days to complete one revolution around the Sun.
Comet:
- A comet is a small celestial object composed of ice, dust, and rock.
- Comets have a highly elliptical orbit around the Sun.
- When a comet approaches the Sun, the heat causes the ice to vaporize, forming a glowing coma and often a tail.
- Comets are often visible from Earth during their close approach to the Sun.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, the Sun is the star.
- The Moon is a satellite, Earth is a planet, and a comet is a different type of celestial object.

What is the Earth’s spinning movement called?
  • a)
    Revolution
  • b)
    Rotation
  • c)
    Spinning
  • d)
    Orbiting
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Tiwari answered
When Earth spins on its axis, it is called rotation.

It takes 24 hours for one rotation.

It causes day and night.

How long does the Earth take to complete one rotation?
  • a)
    1 hour
  • b)
    12 hours
  • c)
    7 days
  • d)
    24 hours
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Tiwari answered
One full spin of Earth takes 24 hours.

This is equal to one day.

That’s why we have day and night in a day.

The following is the arrangement of the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. What kind of moon would we see? 
  • a)
    Full Moon
  • b)
    New Moon
  • c)
    Gibbous Moon
  • d)
    Crescent Moon
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Glitz Classes answered
  • When the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, the side of the Moon facing Earth is not illuminated by the Sun.
  • This results in the Moon being invisible or appearing very dark from Earth.
  • This phase is known as a "New Moon."
  • During a New Moon, the Moon is aligned with the Sun, making it unobservable in the night sky.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B: New Moon.

What causes the seasons on Earth?
  • a)
    Stars blinking
  • b)
    Earth’s revolution around the Sun
  • c)
    Wind blowing
  • d)
    The Moon moving
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Tiwari answered
The Earth takes a year to revolve around the Sun.

As it moves, different parts get different sunlight.

This creates summer, winter, spring, and autumn.

Which planet is the third from the Sun?
  • a)
    Earth
  • b)
    Mars
  • c)
    Jupiter
  • d)
    Venus
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Tiwari answered
Earth is the third planet in the Solar System.

It comes after Mercury and Venus.

It is the only planet with life.

What causes day and night?
  • a)
    Clouds covering the Sun
  • b)
    Earth rotating on its axis
  • c)
    The Moon moving
  • d)
    Stars shining
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Tiwari answered
Half of Earth faces the Sun—this side has day.

The other side is dark and has night.

This change happens as Earth spins.

Chapter doubts & questions for Land and Earth - Science for Grade 2 2025 is part of Grade 2 exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the Grade 2 exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for Grade 2 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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