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All questions of Practice Questions for ACT Exam

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices repeats the underlined portion as it is written.
Under the new terms of the treaty, reduce all stockpiles begins immediately.
  • a)
    all stockpiling reduction
  • b)
    stockpiles reduced
  • c)
    reduce all stockpiles
  • d)
    the reduction of all stockpiles
  • e)
    reduced stockpiles
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Daniel Middleton answered


Explanation:

Identifying the Error:
The original sentence is unclear and awkwardly phrased. The phrase "reduce all stockpiles begins immediately" does not follow standard English sentence structure.

Corrected Sentence:
Under the new terms of the treaty, the reduction of all stockpiles begins immediately.

Explanation of the Correction:
- The correct answer choice, option D, provides a clear and precise sentence that follows standard English grammar rules.
- By rephrasing the original sentence to "the reduction of all stockpiles," the sentence now conveys the intended meaning in a concise and grammatically correct manner.
- The corrected sentence clearly states that the reduction of all stockpiles will commence immediately under the new terms of the treaty.
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Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Him and me will always be on time for any event the group holds.
  • a)
    Him and me will always being
  • b)
    Him and me will always be
  • c)
    He and I will always be
  • d)
    Him and me going to always be
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The use of the pronouns "me" and "him" is incorrect, as both are in their objective forms, but are used as the subjects. Both pronouns need to be changed to their appropriate subjective forms. "He and I will always be" is the only answer choice that uses the correct pronoun forms.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
Prisons are a relatively recent phenomenon in world history, because exorbitant costs.
  • a)
    because exorbitant cost.
  • b)
    because they have exorbitant costs.
  • c)
    exorbitant costs.
  • d)
    because exorbitant costs.
  • e)
    because exorbitant costs of prisons.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The underlined phrase, a separate clause further explaining the first half of the sentence, does not work as a complet sentence. In order to appropriately fit after "because," the phrase needs to be turned into a complete thought. "Because they had exorbitant costs" is the best choice among the answers.

In the sentence below, which of the following subordinating conjunctions will MOST change the meaning of the sentence when substituted for the underlined "if"?
That bear won't attack us if we lay down and play dead.
  • a)
    once
  • b)
    after
  • c)
    if only
  • d)
    unless
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
Of all of the possible subordinating conjunctions provided as answer choices, only "unless" makes it sound as though lying down and playing dead will result in the bear attacking. The other answers all make the opposite recommendation. So, "unless" most changes the meaning of the sentence and is thus the correct answer.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The last time it snowed, that was in February, my dad lost control of his car and hit a tree.
  • a)
    snowed, it was in February,
  • b)
    snowed, February was the month,
  • c)
    was snowing, that was in February,
  • d)
    snowed, which was in February,
  • e)
    snows, that was in February,
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
This is a case in which we need to decide whether to use the word "which" or "that" to introduce the clause set apart from the rest of the sentence by commas. "That" is used to introduce information absolutely necessary to the sentence's meaning, whereas "which" is used to introduce information that would not change the sentence's meaning if it were removed from the sentence. Information that is not crucial to the sentence's meaning is usually set apart by commas.
In this case, the sentence "The last time it snowed, my dad lost control of his car and hit a tree" still makes sense, so we know that the information included between the commas isn't absolutely necessary to the sentence's meaning. Plus, the information in question is being set apart from the rest of the sentence by commas. So, we should use "which," and not "that."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The night grew so cold that all the campers were shivering although a raging fire.
  • a)
    even though a raging fire.
  • b)
    through a raging fire.
  • c)
    from a raging fire.
  • d)
    although a raging fire.
  • e)
    despite a raging fire.
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

Natalie Long answered
Explanation:

Original Sentence:
The night grew so cold that all the campers were shivering although a raging fire.

Corrected Sentence:
The night grew so cold that all the campers were shivering despite a raging fire.

Explanation:
- The original sentence contains the phrase "although a raging fire," which suggests a contradictory relationship between the cold night and the presence of a fire.
- The word "despite" in the corrected sentence better conveys the idea that despite the presence of a fire, the campers were still shivering due to the extreme cold.
- Using "despite" clarifies the relationship between the cold temperature and the fire, making the sentence more precise and in line with standard written English.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the underlined choices repeats the answer as it is written. 
Did Larry just say, "I'm going to go see the Queen?"
  • a)
    Did Larry just say, "I'm going to go see the Queen"?
  • b)
    Did Larry just say, "I'm going to go see the Queen?"
  • c)
    Did Larry just say, "I'm going to go see the Queen,"?
  • d)
    Did Larry just say: "I'm going to go see the Queen?"
  • e)
    Did Larry just say "I'm going to go see the Queen?"
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Daniel Middleton answered
Explanation of the Correct Answer
The correct answer is option "A": Did Larry just say, "I'm going to go see the Queen"?
Key Points
- Proper Punctuation: Option A correctly places the quotation marks around the entire spoken phrase. This is essential in standard written English, as it clearly indicates what Larry said.
- Termination of the Quote: The quote ends before the question mark, which is properly placed outside the closing quotation marks. This follows grammatical conventions for questions that include quotations.
- Clarity and Precision: This option maintains clarity by clearly demarcating the spoken words from the rest of the sentence, making it easy for readers to understand exactly what is being referenced.
- Avoidance of Errors: Other options contain errors:
- Option B repeats the original structure without correcting the punctuation.
- Option C improperly places a comma before the question mark, which is unnecessary and incorrect.
- Option D uses a colon, which is not appropriate in this context.
- Option E omits necessary punctuation, making the sentence unclear.
By selecting option A, we ensure that the sentence adheres to standard written English and clearly conveys the intended meaning.

Adapted from "The Weakness, Unrest, and Defects of Man," from The Thoughts of Blaise Pascal (ed. 1901)
We care nothing for the present. We anticipate the future as too slow in coming, as if we could make it move faster; or we call back the past, to stop its rapid flight. So imprudent are we that we wander through the times in which we have no part, unthinking of that which alone is ours; so frivolous are we that we dream of the days which are not and pass by without reflection those which alone exist. For the days of the present generally gives us pain; we conceal it from our sight because it afflicts us, and if it be pleasant, we regret to see it vanish away. We endeavor to sustain the present by the future, and think of arranging things not in our power, for a time at which we have no certainty of arriving.
If we examine our thoughts, we shall find them always occupied with the past or the future. We scarcely think of the present, and if we do so, it is only that we may borrow light from it to direct the future. The present is never our end; the past and the present are our means, the future alone is our end. Thus we never live, but hope to live, and while we always lay ourselves out to be happy, it is inevitable that we can never be so.
Which of the following is the best form of the bolded selection, “not in our power. . .”?
  • a)
    not in our power for a time at which
  • b)
    not in our power—for a time at which
  • c)
    not in our power, for a time at which
  • d)
    not in our power; for a time at which
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Leo Jenkins answered
The Correct Answer: Option A
The correct form of the bolded selection is "not in our power for a time at which." This choice effectively conveys the intended meaning without unnecessary punctuation that could disrupt the flow of the sentence.
Explanation of Options
- Option A: "not in our power for a time at which"
- This option clearly connects the phrase “not in our power” with the subsequent clause. It maintains a smooth flow and clearly indicates that the action or arrangement is constrained by a specific time.
- Option B: "not in our power—for a time at which"
- The em dash introduces an abrupt pause that is not necessary here. It can imply an added or contrapuntal thought, which is not the case in this context.
- Option C: "not in our power, for a time at which"
- The comma before "for" creates a pause that detracts from the intended meaning. It suggests that the clause following "for" is an afterthought rather than a direct continuation of the main idea.
- Option D: "not in our power; for a time at which"
- The semicolon implies a separation of two independent clauses, which does not apply here. It creates a disjointed feeling rather than a cohesive thought.
Conclusion
Choosing option A preserves the integrity of the sentence and allows for a clear and direct connection between the limitations of our power and the timing of those limitations. This clarity is crucial in the context of Pascal's reflection on human nature and the futility of anticipating the future at the expense of the present.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
Because my father was afraid of fish, so he would never take us to the aquarium.
  • a)
    He would never take us to the aquarium because my father was afraid of fish.
  • b)
    Although my father was afraid of fish, he would never take us to the aquarium.
  • c)
    Because my father was afraid of fish the aquarium he would never take us to.
  • d)
    Because my father was afraid of fish, so he would never take us to the aquarium.
  • e)
    Because my father was afraid of fish, he would never take us to the aquarium.
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
Subordination problems happen when there are two subordinate clauses and no main clause. The "because" and "so" in the original sentence clash with each other. We only need one. That way, the clause from which a subordinating conjunction is omitted becomes an independent clause, and we need at least one independent clause in the sentence for it to be complete.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The non-profit organization never had financial issues, as it always handled its money perfect.
  • a)
    so it always handled its money perfect.
  • b)
    as it always handled it's money perfect.
  • c)
    as it always handled its money perfect.
  • d)
    as it always handles its money perfect.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Hannah Snyder answered
Explanation:

The original sentence contains an error in the use of the adjective "perfect". The correct form should be "perfectly" to modify the verb "handled".

The corrected sentence should read: "The non-profit organization never had financial issues, as it always handled its money perfectly."

Here is a breakdown of the options:

a) so it always handled its money perfect.
This option is incorrect because it uses the adjective "perfect" instead of the adverb "perfectly" to modify the verb "handled".

b) as it always handled its money perfect.
This option is incorrect for the same reason as option a. It uses the adjective "perfect" instead of the adverb "perfectly".

c) as it always handled its money perfect.
This option is incorrect because it uses the adjective "perfect" instead of the adverb "perfectly" to modify the verb "handled".

d) as it always handles its money perfect.
This option is incorrect because it uses the present tense verb "handles" instead of the past tense verb "handled" which is consistent with the tense of the verb "had" in the sentence. Additionally, it uses the adjective "perfect" instead of the adverb "perfectly" to modify the verb "handled".

Therefore, the correct answer is option c) "as it always handled its money perfect."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Turning around in the crowded store, the counter was run into by the harried man.
  • a)
    the harried man ran into the counter.
  • b)
    the counter was run into by the harried man.
  • c)
    the counter run into the harried man.
  • d)
    the harried man was run into by the counter.
  • e)
    the counter ran into by the harried man.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
As it is written, the sentence is quite confusing, reading as though the counter was "Turning around." The underlined portion of the sentence can be rewritten to show both that the "harried man" is turning and get rid of the passive voice construction of the sentence. The only answer choice to properly achieve both of these goals is "the harried man ran into the counter."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The community is currently accepting nominations for the award, which will be given to the person who has most significantly transformed the world through their charitable actions or scientific discoveries.
  • a)
    the person that has most significantly transformed the world through his or her charitable actions or scientific discoveries.
  • b)
    the person who has most significantly transformed the world through his or her charitable actions or scientific discoveries.
  • c)
    the person who most significantly transformed the world through their charitable actions or scientific discoveries.
  • d)
    the person who has most significantly transformed the world through their charitable actions or scientific discoveries.
  • e)
    the person that significantly transformed the world through his or her charitable actions or scientific discoveries.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The original text "the person who has most significantly transformed the world through their charitable actions or scientific discoveries" and the answer choice "the person who most significantly transformed the world through their charitable actions or scientific discoveries" contain pronoun agreement errors because they incorrectly use the plural pronoun "their" to refer to the singular noun "person."
The answer choices "the person that has most significantly transformed the world through his or her charitable actions or scientific discoveries" and "the person that significantly transformed the world through his or her charitable actions or scientific discoveries" are incorrect because they use "that" to refer to a person, when "who" or "whom" should be used when referring to a person. (Remember to use "that" only when referring to non-human living things or objects.)
The answer choice "the person who has most significantly transformed the world through his or her charitable actions or scientific discoveries" is correct because it is the only answer choice that correctly uses "who" and the singular pronoun "his or her" to match the singular noun "person."

Adapted from "The Weakness, Unrest, and Defects of Man," from The Thoughts of Blaise Pascal (ed. 1901)
We care nothing for the present. We anticipate the future as too slow in coming, as if we could make it move faster; or we call back the past, to stop its rapid flight. So imprudent are we that we wander through the times in which we have no part, unthinking of that which alone is ours; so frivolous are we that we dream of the days which are not and pass by without reflection those which alone exist. For the days of the present generally gives us pain; we conceal it from our sight because it afflicts us, and if it be pleasant, we regret to see it vanish away. We endeavor to sustain the present by the future, and think of arranging things not in our power, for a time at which we have no certainty of arriving.
If we examine our thoughts, we shall find them always occupied with the past or the future. We scarcely think of the present, and if we do so, it is only that we may borrow light from it to direct the future. The present is never our end; the past and the present are our means, the future alone is our end. Thus we never live, but hope to live, and while we always lay ourselves out to be happy, it is inevitable that we can never be so.
Which of the following is the best form of the bolded selection, “back the past . . .”?
  • a)
    back the past; to stop its
  • b)
    back the past to stop its
  • c)
    back the past, to stop its
  • d)
    back the past—to stop its
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
In this sentence, "to" is being used in the sense of meaning "in order to." Looking at the clause, the comma breaks the flow of the thought and is not helpful given the simplicity of the second half of the predicate: "we call back the past in order to stop its flight." An increase in the number of commas in a sentence is not always the best policy for clarity.

Which of the following is the best form of the bolded selection, “if it be pleasant . . .”?
  • a)
    if it is pleasant, we regret to see it vanish away
  • b)
    if it were pleasant, we regret to see it vanish away
  • c)
    if it was pleasant, we will regret to see it vanish away
  • d)
    if it is pleasant, we regretted to see it vanish away
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
As written, the sentence is maintaining the appropriate use of the subjunctive mood. This does not occur much in English, but in conditions like, "If I were" and similar forms, we do not use standard, indicative verbs like "is" and "was." None of the options provided contain the older grammatical form, "If it be." However, the option containing "If it were" does maintain an appropriate use of the subjunctive.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
The new bylaws of the organization was ratified by a unanimous vote yesterday.
  • a)
    The new bylaws for the organization was 
  • b)
    The newer bylaws of the organization was 
  • c)
    The new bylaws of the organization was 
  • d)
    The new bylaws from the organization was 
  • e)
    The new bylaws of the organization were 
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
While the singular verb "was" is next to the singular noun "organization," the subject of the sentence is the plural noun "bylaws." This means that the verb "was" needs to be changed to a plural form; therefore, "The new bylaws of the organization were" is the correct answer choice.

Adapted from The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James (1902)
In the matter of religions, it is particularly easy distinguishing the too orders of question. Every religious phenomenon has its history and its derivation from natural antecedents. What is nowadays called the higher criticism of the Bible are only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view, neglected to much by the earlier church. Under just what biographic conditions did the sacred writers bring forth their various contributions to the holy volume? What had they exactly in their several individual minds, when they delivered their utterances? These are manifestly questions of historical fact, and one does not see how the answer to it can decide offhand the still further question: of what use should such a volume, with its manner of coming into existence so defined, be to us as a guide to life and a revelation? To answer this other question we must have already in our mind some sort of a general theory as to what the peculiarities in a thing should be which give it value for purposes of revelation; and this theory itself would be what I just called a spiritual judgment. Combining it with our existential judgment, we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bibles’ worth. Thus, if our theory of revelation-value were to affirm that any book, to possess it, must have been composed automatically or not by the free caprice of the writer, or that it must exhibit no scientific and historic errors and express no local or personal passions, the Bible would probably fare ill at our hands. But if, on the other hand, our theory should allow that a book may well be a revelation in spite of errors and passions and deliberate human composition, if only it be a true record of the inner experiences of great-souled persons wrestling with the crises of his fate, than the verdict would be much favorable. You see that the existential facts by itself are insufficient for determining the value; and the best adepts of the higher criticism accordingly never confound the existential with the spiritual problem. With the same conclusions of fact before them, some take one view, and some another, of the Bible's value as a revelation, according as their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of values differ.
Q. What is the best version of the underlined selection, "the too orders of question"?
  • a)
    the too ordering of the question
  • b)
    NO CHANGE
  • c)
    the to orders of question
  • d)
    the two orders of question
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The error here is the use of "too," which means also or more than is necessary or wanted. However, the author wishes to go on to enumerate a set of distinctions, calling not for "also" but for the simple numeric adjective: "two."

The house stood, at the bottom of a hill, making it hard to see from the street. The owner wants it that way, as he had no use for any of his neighbors. “Nosy sneaks and cheats” he would to say to his son. Not that his son ever really listening. The old man did not see him very much, either at his home or going anywhere else. Every time he did see him, his son would just complain about how his house was dark musty, and filthy. The old man did not need such criticism, especially from only his blood relative. He had lived in that house for fifty years, and planned to live there as long as he possibly could. While he lived there, his neighbors would never see him or his house if he could help it. He could take care of him, and steadfastly refused to allow anyone to help. In his tiny house, at the bottom of the hill, the old man was content to be alone, and believed he was living perfect.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    from his blood only relative
  • b)
    NO CHANGE
  • c)
    from his only blood relative
  • d)
    only from his blood relative
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The word order in this sentence is awkward and creates confusion. The placement of "only" makes it seem that just his "blood relative" would complain, which is not the intended meaning of the statement. The word order that shows the son is the old man's single remaining "blood relative" is "from his only blood relative."

Adapted from "The Weakness, Unrest, and Defects of Man," from The Thoughts of Blaise Pascal (ed. 1901)
We care nothing for the present. We anticipate the future as too slow in coming, as if we could make it move faster; or we call back the past, to stop its rapid flight. So imprudent are we that we wander through the times in which we have no part, unthinking of that which alone is ours; so frivolous are we that we dream of the days which are not and pass by without reflection those which alone exist. For the days of the present generally gives us pain; we conceal it from our sight because it afflicts us, and if it be pleasant, we regret to see it vanish away. We endeavor to sustain the present by the future, and think of arranging things not in our power, for a time at which we have no certainty of arriving.
If we examine our thoughts, we shall find them always occupied with the past or the future. We scarcely think of the present, and if we do so, it is only that we may borrow light from it to direct the future. The present is never our end; the past and the present are our means, the future alone is our end. Thus we never live, but hope to live, and while we always lay ourselves out to be happy, it is inevitable that we can never be so.
Which of the following best translates the author’s usage of “as” bolded in the second sentence?
  • a)
    while
  • b)
    like
  • c)
    as being
  • d)
    akin to
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The sense of the sentence in question is that we anticipate the future and thus treat it as though it is coming too slowly. Another way that we could translate "as" here would be "as though it were..." In lieu of this longer phrase, "as being" is an adequate translation. The options indicating similarity or similitude are not appropriate in this context.

Adapted from “The Nose Tree” in German Fairy Tales and Popular Stories by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm (trans. Taylor, ed. 1864)
Then the king made known to all his kingdom, that whomever would heal her of this dreadful disease should be richly rewarded. Many tried, but the princess got no relief. Now the old soldier dressed himself up very sprucely as a doctor, and said he could cure her. Therefore, he chopped up some of the apple, and, to punish her a little more, gave her a dose, saying he would call to-morrow and see her again. The morrow came, and, of course, instead of being better, the nose had been growing on all night as before; and the poor princess was in a dreadful fright. So the doctor then chopped up a very little of the pear and gave it to her. He said that he was sure that it would help, and he would call again the next day. Next day came, and the nose was to be sure a little smaller. However, it was bigger than when the doctor first began to meddle with it.
Then he thought to him, "I must frighten this cunning princess a little more before I am able to get what I want from her." Therefore, he gave her another dose of the apple and said he would call on the morrow. The morrow came, and the nose was ten times bad as before.
"My good lady," said the doctor, "Something works against my medicine and is to strong for it. However, I know by the force of my art that it is this, you have stolen goods about you. I am certain of it. If you do not give them back, I can do nothing for you."
The princess denied very stoutly that she had anything of the kind.
"Very well," said the doctor, "you may do as you please, but I am sure I am correct. You will die if you do not own it." Then he went to the king, and told him how the matter stood.
"Daughter," said he, "send back the cloak, the purse, and the horn, that you stole from the right owners."
Then she ordered her maid to fetch all three and gave them to the doctor, and begged him to give them back to the soldiers. The moment he had them safe, he gave her a whole pear to eat, and the nose came right. And as for the doctor, he put on the cloak, wished the king and all his court a good day and was soon with his two brothers. They lived from that time happily at home in their palace, except when they took an airing to see the world in their coach with their three dapple-grey horses.
What is the proper form of the underlined selection, "known to all his kingdom, that"?
  • a)
    known to all his kingdom: that
  • b)
    known to all his kingdom that
  • c)
    known to all his kingdom; that
  • d)
    NO CHANGE
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The word "that" is here being used as a conjunction that introduces an indirect quotation. You could write this sentence in a form like: Then the king spoke to all his kingdom, "Etc . . ." However, as used here, "that" introduces the clause describing indirectly what he said to the kingdom. This requires no comma, as it is a necessary part of the main clause, helping to specify exactly what he made known to the kingdom.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Because the giant squid is an elusive creature rarely seen by humans, scientists are beginning to gain a better understanding of the creature by studying it using remote cameras.
  • a)
    Since
  • b)
    As
  • c)
    Although 
  • d)
    Because
  • e)
    Considering
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The sentence is trying to explain that in spite of the giant squid's elusiveness, scientists are finding new ways of studying it. The sentence therefore is trying to contrast two ideas, as opposed to showing causation with the word "because." The only answer choice that uses a contrasting conjunction is "Although," so it is the correct answer.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
Freud and other advocates of introspective psychology argue that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contribute to the overall health of an individual.
  • a)
    argue that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contribute to the overall health
  • b)
    argue that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contributes to the overall health
  • c)
    argue that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contribute for the overall health
  • d)
    argues that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contribute to the overall health
  • e)
    argues that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contributes to the overall health
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The answer choice "argue that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contributes to the overall health" is correct. It contains the correct number agreement of the verb "contributes" with its subject, "a feeling of connectedness with other human beings."
The answer choices containing "contribute" instead of "contributes" are incorrect. The subject of "contribute" is singular, not plural.
Although the answer choice "argues that a feeling of connectedness with other human beings, along with a positive self-image, contributes to the overall health" correctly contains "contributes," the verb "argues" introduces a number agreement error, as "argues" is singular but being used with a plural subject, "Freud and other advocates of introspective psychology."

“Why Text Messaging is a Good Thing” by Chelci Spiegel (2013)
Many people today think that technology such as text messages and social networking sites are creating distant relationships among people. They say that the relationships are false because face-to-face time is diminishing however, I do not believe this to be the case. These are technologies and technologies are very important tools. That’s just it they’re tools. They can be good or bad depending on how they are used. I believe that text messaging is a benefit to society because it provides fast communication with multiple people unobtrusive conversation and responding time for the receiver.
Because text messaging exists we can tell many people something very important very quickly. It is like an SOS message to whomever needs to know. If I have car trouble I can send a text to my father, brother, and friends all at once. Instead of dialing each number separately and maybe or maybe not getting anyone they all get a message then, I receive help more quickly. A more concrete example is from what I was lost in the woods searching for my horse who was also lost late one evening. I sent out one text message to multiple people and by the time I had found my way back to the truck there were seven friends pulled up with trucks mountain bikes and flashlights to help search for the horses all night.  That is not evidence of relationships distanced by text messaging but brought together.
Because text messaging does not require voice it is far less obtrusive in public places. When I was standing in line at the grocery store one of the ladies were using their phone while waiting for their turn. I heard her entire life story her boy troubles, her work troubles her friend troubles and her money troubles. It was very distracting. With texting people can vent all their frustrations to someone privately. If I am trying to set a date for a barbaque, I can text my neighbor to work out details rather than let the entire store know my weekend plans. Texting is a way to conduct private business in public places.
Q. What transition would make the most sense in this instance when placed at the start of the third paragraph?
  • a)
    But,
  • b)
    However,
  • c)
    Furthermore,
  • d)
    NO CHANGE
  • e)
    Instead,
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The paragraphs need a transition word, and because both paragraphs are bringing to light an argument that supports text messaging being a good thing, they are working in tandem; therefore, "however," "but," and "instead" do not fit that meaning.

Adapted from "The Weakness, Unrest, and Defects of Man," from The Thoughts of Blaise Pascal (ed. 1901)
We care nothing for the present. We anticipate the future as too slow in coming, as if we could make it move faster; or we call back the past, to stop its rapid flight. So imprudent are we that we wander through the times in which we have no part, unthinking of that which alone is ours; so frivolous are we that we dream of the days which are not and pass by without reflection those which alone exist. For the days of the present generally gives us pain; we conceal it from our sight because it afflicts us, and if it be pleasant, we regret to see it vanish away. We endeavor to sustain the present by the future, and think of arranging things not in our power, for a time at which we have no certainty of arriving.
If we examine our thoughts, we shall find them always occupied with the past or the future. We scarcely think of the present, and if we do so, it is only that we may borrow light from it to direct the future. The present is never our end; the past and the present are our means, the future alone is our end. Thus we never live, but hope to live, and while we always lay ourselves out to be happy, it is inevitable that we can never be so.
What is the best equivalent for the bolded "that we may borrow" in the passage?
  • a)
    unless we borrow
  • b)
    in order to borrow
  • c)
    in a particular manner that we borrow
  • d)
    on the premises that we borrow
  • e)
    because we thus borrow
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
As the sentence stands, another form that might be used is, "it is only in order that." The author is stating that even if we do think about the present, it is only in order that we might find insights for the sake of the future.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart has become wide recognized as one of the most brilliant and influential musicians of all time. At only thirteen years old, he skillfully played several instruments and wrote in a variety of musical genres. Over the past century, his orchestral music, along with his many operas, have delighted audiences around the world. Mozart wrote his music for wealthy patrons and aristocrats, yet even the commoners of the time enjoyed his music. The music of Mozart is richer and more textured than his contemporary, Joseph Haydn.  
The Austro-Turkish War, which began in 1787, prompted the redirection of much of Austria’s resources from arts and music to the military. As a result, Mozart faced financial difficulties. In 1788, he discontinued his public concerts and his income declined. In 1790, hoping to improve his financial situation and circumstances, Mozart toured Berlin and several other cities in Germany. The tours were unsuccessful, however, and did not improve his financial problems.
Scholars have proposed several hypotheses regarding the cause of Mozart’s death, such as influenza, smallpox and meningitis. Their is little physical evidence, however, to support these claims. Mozart's funeral belied the elaborate ornamentation of his music: the ceremony was basic and reserved. In the period following his death, Mozart’s popularity increased significantly. Concert halls throughout Europe featured his music, and composers sought to imitate his style. Modern audiences praise Mozart’s music for its liveliness, expressiveness, and the fact that it is sophisticated.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    NO CHANGE
  • b)
    influenza, smallpox, and meningitis
  • c)
    influenza, smallpox, and, meningitis
  • d)
    influenza smallpox, and, meningitis
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The text contains a list with three items: 1) influenza, 2) smallpox, and 3) meningitis. The appropriate way to write a list with three or more items is to insert a comma between each of the items, and to insert the word "and" right before the final item (but after the comma).
The correct answer is therefore "influenza, smallpox, and meningitis."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The teacher reprimanded his class, saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor was he willing to accept their rowdy behavior.
  • a)
    saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work or willing to accept their rowdy behavior.
  • b)
    saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor willing to accept their rowdy behavior.
  • c)
    saying that neither was he pleased with their poor work nor was willing to accept their rowdy behavior.
  • d)
    saying that he was pleased neither with their poor work nor willing to accept their rowdy behavior.
  • e)
    saying that he was neither pleased with their poor work nor was he willing to accept their rowdy behavior.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The correlative conjunctions “neither” and “nor” belong together. In "neither . . . nor" sentences, the two options (“pleased with their poor work” and “willing to accept their rowdy behavior”) must be presented in a grammatically parallel way so that the words following “neither” and the words following “nor” are parallel phrases.

My childhood was fairly idyllic. I grew up in southern suburbia, we could play outside nearly year round. We almost played outside every day. Our days were filled with bike rides, jumping on the trampoline, playing in the sprinklers, and also imagination games. Countless afternoons were spent in the side yard of our home, where our imaginations were the limit to our fun. One of our favorite games was “Lost Children.” Oddly enough, the parents in the game were always deceased or fighting in a foreign war. The source of this game likely stemmed from the books we read.
My mother’s old, rusty, orange wheelbarrow was perpetually propped up against the fence, to serve as the base for our makeshift range. The metal braces beneath the wheelbarrow bin provided the perfect resting place for a pair of burners, hastily sketched on a flat board. Old paint buckets became a sink and a stained picnic table was scrubbed to a relative state of cleanliness. Our visitors, who were often kings and queens, were served heaping helpings of mud and grass pie, possibly adorned with a side helping of flowers. Household chores were far more fun to do in our imaginary world, and we would eagerly sweep and dust our humble home. Even covered in leaves, we loved our outdoor kitchen.  
Other days, we would scamper around the neighborhood park, sometimes venturing into the woods to go exploring. One time we borrowed my little sister’s wagon and flew down the sides of the ditch. Although we had a grand time my mother was not pleased when she had to replace the broken axle. On adventurous days, we would pretend to be statues on the entrance sign to our neighborhood. But, the most perfect afternoons were spent biking up to the local corner store. With spending money burning a hole in our pockets, we would peruse the convenience store shelves, and after carefully picking our selections, we would pedal home. Our plastic shopping bags hung from the handlebars, rustling in the wind.
The bite of crisp fall evenings would barely phase our childlike fantasies. But, to our dismay, twilight would inevitably seep into our childhood world. Mother would call us in for dinner and a bath, if needed. Tired, beds were welcomed. I would often fall asleep to the gentle rhythm of my mother’s voice.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    NO CHANGE
  • b)
    Our visitors who were often kings and queens
  • c)
    Our visitors, who were often kings and queens
  • d)
    Our visitors who were often kings and queens,
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
"Our visitors, who were often kings and queens," is the best choice because “who were often kings and queens” is a parenthetical element and can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
She told her children that she would take them to either the toy store or to the ice cream parlor if they finished all their chores on time.
  • a)
    she would take them either to the toy store or to the ice cream parlor
  • b)
    she would take them to either the toy store and the ice cream parlor
  • c)
    she would either take them to the toy store or to the ice cream parlor
  • d)
    she would either take them to the toy store or the ice cream parlor
  • e)
    she would take them to either the toy store or to the ice cream parlor
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The correlative conjunctions “either” and “or” get paired together here. In "either . . . or" sentences, the two options being discussed (in this case, going to the toy store and going to the ice cream parlor) must be presented in a grammatically parallel way so that the words following “either” and the words following “or” are parallel phrases. In this case, “to the toy store” and “to the ice cream parlor” are the only options that are parallel; otherwise, you’re comparing apples and oranges.

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
The President's speech avoided both the recent scandal and how women were disenfranchised in politics.
  • a)
    both the recent scandal and how women were disenfranchised in politics.
  • b)
    both the recent scandal and the disenfranchisement of women in politics.
  • c)
    the recent scandal of how women were disenfranchised in politics.
  • d)
    the recent scandal: how women were disenfranchised in politics.
  • e)
    the recent scandal, as well as how women were disenfranchised in politics.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
All elements in a list should be parallel: they should be of the same structure. Choose the answer that keeps elements parallel: "the recent scandal and the disenfranchisement . . ."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
Doctors are notorious for having poor handwriting skills, and many pharmacists regularly complain about their prescriptions.
  • a)
    and many pharmacists regularly complain about their prescription
  • b)
    but many pharmacists regularly complain about their prescriptions
  • c)
    and many pharmacists regularly complain about their prescriptions
  • d)
    and many regular pharmacists complain about their prescriptions
  • e)
    and many pharmacists regularly complain about doctors' prescriptions
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The sentence has a vague pronoun reference. The use of "their" before "prescriptions" is ambiguous because we do not know if "their" refers to the doctors' or the pharmacists' prescriptions. The sentence needs to clarify to whom the pronoun refers, so the best answer choice is the one that does this, "and many pharmacists regularly complain about doctors' prescriptions."

Today, most Americans are familiar with the idea of purchasing music and movies online. While a number of these users continue to download these media files illegally, the overall public conscience had changed regarding this matter. Early in the history of digital media, most were far less certain about the legality and illegality of downloading such files. Today, matters are quite different, not only because of several important lawsuits but, indeed, because of the overall growth of relative inexpensive means of purchasing such digital content. This change of conscience has been accompanied by a simultaneously change in culture regarding online file-sharing. In the early days of illegal file-sharing, users would regularly host servers that were overtly and publically visible to users and potential enforcement personnel. Today, however, people utilize a number of carefully planned modes of obfuscation. Using encryption, indirection, and other means the contemporary illegal file-sharer shows clear awareness of the fact that their activity is illegal.
What is the best form of the bolded selection?
  • a)
    not only because of several important lawsuits but, indeed, because of the overall growth of relative inexpensive means of purchasing such digital content
  • b)
    not only because of several important lawsuits but also because of the overall growth of relative inexpensive means of purchasing such digital content
  • c)
    not only because of several important lawsuits nor because of the overall growth of relative inexpensive means of purchasing such digital content
  • d)
    not only because of several important lawsuits but instead because of the overall growth of relative inexpensive means of purchasing such digital content
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The expression "not only" functions as a correlative conjunction with the expression "but also." It indicates two things that are gathered together, drawing attention to the fact that there is a second thing under consideration.  Here, the two reasons for increased awareness are:
(1) "several important lawsuits"
(2) "the overall growth of inexpensive means of sharing content"

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
The businesses had gathered together in a new organization, the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs.
  • a)
    The businesses had gathered together in a new organization; the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs.
  • b)
    The businesses had gathered together in a new organization the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs.
  • c)
    The businesses had gathered together in a new organization and the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs.
  • d)
    The businesses had gathered together in a new organization so the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs.
  • e)
    The businesses had gathered together in a new organization, the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The sentence is written as a compound sentence, or two complete thoughts joined together to show their relationship. All compound sentences need to be joined by either a semicolon or a comma and a conjunction. The only answer choice that appropriately does either is "The businesses had gathered together in a new organization; the goal of the new group was to provide a forum for concerns from the businesses' CEOs."

Adapted from The Autobiography of John Adams (ed. 1856)
Not long after this, the three greatest measures of all were carried. Three committees were appointed, one for preparing a declaration of independence, another for reporting a plan of a treaty to be proposed to France, and a third to digest a system of articles of confederation to be proposed to the States. I was appointed on the committee of independence and on that for preparing the form of a treaty with France. On the committee of confederation Mr. Samuel Adams was appointed. The committee of independence were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. Mr. Jefferson had been now about a year a member of Congress, but had attended his duty in the house a very small part of the time, and, when there, had never spoken in public. During the whole time I sat with him in Congress, I never heard him utter three sentences together. It will naturally be inquired how it happened that he was appointed on a committee of such importance. There were more reasons than one. Mr. Jefferson had the reputation of a masterly pen; he had been chosen a delegate in Virginia, in consequence of a very handsome public paper which he had written for the House of Burgesses, which had given him the character of a fine writer. Another reason was, that Mr. Richard Henry Lee was not beloved by the most of his colleagues from Virginia, and Mr. Jefferson was set up to rival and supplant him. This could be done only by the pen, for Mr. Jefferson could stand no competition with him or any one else in elocution and public debate.
Which of the following is the best form for the underlined selection?
  • a)
    Three committees were appointed:
  • b)
    Three committees were appointed
  • c)
    Three committees were appointed,
  • d)
    Three committees were appointed;
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The list following this introduction functions to enumerate the committees that were appointed. For this purpose, a colon is the best option, as it signals such an enumeration.

Adapted from The Autobiography of John Adams (ed. 1856)
Here I will interrupt the narration for a moment to observe that, from all I have read of the history of Greece and Rome, England and France, and all I have observed at home and abroad, articulate eloquence in public assemblies is not the surest road to fame or preferment, at least, unless it be used with caution, very rarely, and with great reserve. The examples of Washington, Franklin, and Jefferson is enough to show that silence and reserve in public is more efficacious than argumentation or oratory. A public speaker who inserts himself, or is urged by others, into the conduct of affairs, by daily exertions to justify his measures, and answer the objections of opponents, makes himself too familiar with the public and unavoidably makes himself enemies. Few persons can bear to be outdone in reasoning or declamation or wit or sarcasm or repartee or satire, and all these things that are very apt to grow out of public debate. In this way, in a course of years, a nation becomes full of a man’s enemies, or at least, of such as have been galled in some controversy and take a secret pleasure in assisting to humble and mortify him. So much for this digression. We will now return to our memoirs.
Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the passage. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    could be urged
  • b)
    might have been urged
  • c)
    was urged
  • d)
    is urging
  • e)
    NO CHANGE
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The sentence is correct as it is written and needs no changed made to it in order to be grammatically correct. You can tell that the present verb "is urged" is in the correct tense because the verb "inserts" that precedes it in the sentence refers to the same subject, "A public speaker," and is also in the present tense. The mood of the verb is also correct as it is written for the same reason; "inserts" is in the indicative mood, so no modals are needed.

Adapted from “Authority: The Unavoidable” in What’s Wrong with the World by G.K. Chesterton (1912)
The important point here is only that you cannot get rid of authority in education. It is not so much that parental authority ought to be preserved. The more, important truth, is that such authority cannot be destroyed. Mr. Bernard Shaw once said that he had hated the idea of forming a child's mind. In that case, Mr. Bernard Shaw had better hang himself, for he hates something inseparable from human life. I only mentioned [earlier in the book] the drawing out of the child’s abilities in order to point out that even this mental trick does not avoid the idea of parental or scholastic authority. The educator's drawing out is just as arbitrary and coercive as the instructor’s action, for he draws out what he chooses. He decides what in the child shall be developed and what shall not be developed.
The only result of all this pompous distinction between the “educator” and the “instructor” is who the instructor pokes where he likes and the educator pulls where he likes. Exactly the same intellectual violence is done to the creature whom is poked and pulled. We must all except the responsibility of this intellectual violence, whether from poking or from pulling.
Education is violent; because it is creative. It is such because it is human. It is as reckless as playing on the fiddle, as dogmatic as drawing a picture, as brutal as building a house. In short, it is what all human action is, it is an interference with life and growth. After that it is a trifling and even a jocular question whether we say of this tremendous tormentor, the artist Man, that he puts things into us like a pharmacist or draws things out of us.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    Education is violent because it is creative.
  • b)
    Education is violent: because it is creative.
  • c)
    Education is violent; it is creative.
  • d)
    NO CHANGE
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
The conjunction "because" does not here require any punctuation. It makes no sense to use a colon or a semi-colon. Likewise, do not be tempted to drop it completely (as in the option that merely has "it is creative" after the semi-colon). It has an important meaning and should be retained. Clearly, the next sentence is in parallel to this, using "because." This gives us a hint regarding the sentence we are considering.

Which of the following would be a better form of the bolded selection, "Thus we never live, but hope to live, and while we always lay ourselves out"?
  • a)
    Thus we never live but hope to live. And while we always lay ourselves out
  • b)
    Thus we never live but, likewise, hope to live. And while we always lay ourselves out
  • c)
    Thus we never live, but hope to live. And while we always lay ourselves out
  • d)
    Thus we never live but, instead, hope to live. And while we always lay ourselves out
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
To understand this answer, it is best to consider the incorrect answer: "Thus we never live but hope to live. And while we always lay ourselves out . . ." Note, first, that we can start a subordinate introductory clause with "and," so there is no problem with the way that all of these options separate out the second half of the original sentence. (As it stands, it is too rambling and long.)
Now, considering the given incorrect answer, the critical thing to notice how confusingly it relates the "never living" and the "hoping to live." The author clearly wants to draw attention to these two states of affairs: (1) We are never actually living. (2) Instead, we are only hoping to live (in the future).
Therefore, the best option is the one that makes this contrast obvious by using the adverb, "instead."

Select the underlined word or phrase that needs to be changed to make the sentence correct. Some sentences contain no error at all.
Amys' favorite TV show is on Tuesday night but she doesn't have time to watch it until Wednesday. No error
  • a)
    Wednesday.
  • b)
    doesn't
  • c)
    Amys'
  • d)
    No error
  • e)
    Tuesday night
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
"Amy" is a singular subject who possesses the favorite show, so the apostrophe should be before the "s," as in "Amy's." It would only make sense to have the apostrophe after the "s" if there were multiple Amys and they all had the same favorite show, which is not the case in this sentence.

Adapted from The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James (1902)
In the matter of religions, it is particularly easy distinguishing the too orders of question. Every religious phenomenon has its history and its derivation from natural antecedents. What is nowadays called the higher criticism of the Bible are only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view, neglected to much by the earlier church. Under just what biographic conditions did the sacred writers bring forth their various contributions to the holy volume? What had they exactly in their several individual minds, when they delivered their utterances? These are manifestly questions of historical fact, and one does not see how the answer to it can decide offhand the still further question: of what use should such a volume, with its manner of coming into existence so defined, be to us as a guide to life and a revelation? To answer this other question we must have already in our mind some sort of a general theory as to what the peculiarities in a thing should be which give it value for purposes of revelation; and this theory itself would be what I just called a spiritual judgment. Combining it with our existential judgment, we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bibles’ worth. Thus, if our theory of revelation-value were to affirm that any book, to possess it, must have been composed automatically or not by the free caprice of the writer, or that it must exhibit no scientific and historic errors and express no local or personal passions, the Bible would probably fare ill at our hands. But if, on the other hand, our theory should allow that a book may well be a revelation in spite of errors and passions and deliberate human composition, if only it be a true record of the inner experiences of great-souled persons wrestling with the crises of his fate, than the verdict would be much favorable. You see that the existential facts by itself are insufficient for determining the value; and the best adepts of the higher criticism accordingly never confound the existential with the spiritual problem. With the same conclusions of fact before them, some take one view, and some another, of the Bible's value as a revelation, according as their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of values differ.
Q. Which is the best form of the underlined selection, "According as their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of values differ"?
  • a)
    NO CHANGE
  • b)
    their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of values differs
  • c)
    their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of value differ
  • d)
    according as their spiritual judgments as to the foundation of values differ
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
As written, the issue with the selection is the lack of agreement between the subject of the dependent clause and its verb. The subject of the clause is "judgment" and the verb is "differ." As a singular subject, "judgment" requires an "-s" as the ending of the verb. However, do not make this change! Since the author is contrasting a set of judgments, it is better to make the subject plural, which will make the subject and verb agree as well.

I love cleaning. It’s a good way to unwind at the end of the day, and, I always function better in a clean environment. I once heard someone say, “You’re home is your temple.” I attempt to lived my life by that. My priorities are getting rid of clutter, sweeping the floor, washing the dishes, and cleaning the counter top in our kitchen. I mop the floor extremely, quickly. I don’t mop all that often, but my roommates appreciate it whenever I do!.
Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the passage. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    NO CHANGE
  • b)
    It’s a good way to unwind at the end of the day, and I always function better in a clean environment.
  • c)
    It’s a good way to unwind at the end of the day and, also, I always function better in a clean environment.
  • d)
    It’s a good way to unwind at the end of the day; also I always function better in a clean environment.
  • e)
    It’s a good way to unwind at the end of the day, also, I always function better in a clean environment.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
This sentence contains two clauses that are separate ideas, so a conjunction and punctuation are needed to connect them. The comma and the conjunction "and" correctly do this. The other choices incorrectly use commas or semicolons.

Adapted from “Emerson’s Prose Works” in The Works of Orestes A. Brownson: Philosophy of Religion by Orestes Brownson (ed. 1883)
Mr. Emersons literary reputation is established and placed beyond the reach of criticism. No living writer surpasses him in his mastery of pure and classic English; nor do any equal him—neither in the exquisite delicacy and finish of his chiseled sentences, or in the metallic ring of his style. It is only as a thinker and teacher that we can venture any inquiry into his merits; and as such we cannot suffer ourselves to be imposed upon by his oracular manner, nor by the apparent originality either of his views or his expressions.
Mr. Emerson has had a swarm both of admirers but also of detractors. With many, he is a philosopher and sage, almost a god; while with others, he is regarded as an unintelligible mystic, babbling nonsense fitted to captivate beardless young men and silly maidens with pretty curls, all of who constituted years ago the great body of his hearers and worshipers. We rank us in neither class, though we regard he as no ordinary man. Indeed, we believe he to be one of the deepest thinkers as well as one of the first poets of our country. Indeed, by long acquaintance have him and us been in mutual contact—if only from a distance at times. We know him to be a polished gentleman, a genial companion, and a warmhearted friend, whose' kindness does not pass over individuals and waste itself in a vague philanthropy. So much, at least, we can say of the man, and this do we base not only upon former personal acquaintance and upon our former study of his writings.
What is the best form of the underlined selection, "acquaintance and upon our former study of his writings"?
  • a)
    acquaintance but upon our former study of his writings
  • b)
    acquaintance and also upon our former study of his writings
  • c)
    acquaintance but also upon our former study of his writings
  • d)
    NO CHANGE
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
As written, the sentence does not use the correlative conjunctions "not only . . . but also" correctly.  It has the form, "not only upon . . . and upon." The correct option is the one that corrects the second member of the correlative pair, replacing it with "but also."

The bayou was quiet, except for the sounds of insects, water and the occasional alligator. Jim was cleaning his blade, which he had recently used to dispatch one of the undead. His partner Bill and him had come out to the bayou for their nightly patrol and they had found a nest of the undead by an old abandoned dock.
"Hey, Bill!," he shouted gleefully, mindless of whether the noise would attract more undead. "Where'd you go, man?"
A noise to his left had startled him. He turned quick and saw the man who had been closest to him than a brother for the past six months walking slowly toward him.
"Whew," he said: "there you are." He went back to cleaning his blade. "I thought one of those things had got 'cha."
Standing in the dark, the light of the moon did not reach his partners face. The sudden silence caused Jim to look up again. "What's the matter with you, Bill?"
It was only when the thing that was once Bill stepped into the light and Jim saw the fresh bite on it's newly dead face that he realized what the matter was.
Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."
  • a)
    insects water, and the occasional alligator
  • b)
    NO CHANGE
  • c)
    insects, water, and the occasional alligator
  • d)
    insects water and the occasional alligator
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
In punctuation, a serial comma (also called the Oxford comma) is placed immediately before the coordinating conjunction (such as "and") in a series of three or more terms.

Adapted from The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James (1902)
In the matter of religions, it is particularly easy distinguishing the too orders of question. Every religious phenomenon has its history and its derivation from natural antecedents. What is nowadays called the higher criticism of the Bible are only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view, neglected to much by the earlier church. Under just what biographic conditions did the sacred writers bring forth their various contributions to the holy volume? What had they exactly in their several individual minds, when they delivered their utterances? These are manifestly questions of historical fact, and one does not see how the answer to it can decide offhand the still further question: of what use should such a volume, with its manner of coming into existence so defined, be to us as a guide to life and a revelation? To answer this other question we must have already in our mind some sort of a general theory as to what the peculiarities in a thing should be which give it value for purposes of revelation; and this theory itself would be what I just called a spiritual judgment. Combining it with our existential judgment, we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bibles’ worth. Thus, if our theory of revelation-value were to affirm that any book, to possess it, must have been composed automatically or not by the free caprice of the writer, or that it must exhibit no scientific and historic errors and express no local or personal passions, the Bible would probably fare ill at our hands. But if, on the other hand, our theory should allow that a book may well be a revelation in spite of errors and passions and deliberate human composition, if only it be a true record of the inner experiences of great-souled persons wrestling with the crises of his fate, than the verdict would be much favorable. You see that the existential facts by itself are insufficient for determining the value; and the best adepts of the higher criticism accordingly never confound the existential with the spiritual problem. With the same conclusions of fact before them, some take one view, and some another, of the Bible's value as a revelation, according as their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of values differ.
Q. Which of the following is the best form of the underlined selection, "We might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bibles’ worth"?
  • a)
    we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bible's worth
  • b)
    we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bibles worth
  • c)
    NO CHANGE
  • d)
    we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to a Bible's worth
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
As written, the sentence incorrectly uses the plural form of "Bible." This is indicated by the placement of the apostrophe after the word. The noun that is indicating possession is thus, "Bibles," as though to say, "A judgment regarding the worth of the Bibles." Throughout the passage, the author is speaking of the Bible in the abstract as a single book. Therefore, the judgment is about "the worth of the Bible (singular)." This is formed by adding "'s"" to the end of the singular form.

Adapted from The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James (1902)
In the matter of religions, it is particularly easy distinguishing the too orders of question. Every religious phenomenon has its history and its derivation from natural antecedents. What is nowadays called the higher criticism of the Bible are only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view, neglected to much by the earlier church. Under just what biographic conditions did the sacred writers bring forth their various contributions to the holy volume? What had they exactly in their several individual minds, when they delivered their utterances? These are manifestly questions of historical fact, and one does not see how the answer to it can decide offhand the still further question: of what use should such a volume, with its manner of coming into existence so defined, be to us as a guide to life and a revelation? To answer this other question we must have already in our mind some sort of a general theory as to what the peculiarities in a thing should be which give it value for purposes of revelation; and this theory itself would be what I just called a spiritual judgment. Combining it with our existential judgment, we might indeed deduce another spiritual judgment as to the Bibles’ worth. Thus, if our theory of revelation-value were to affirm that any book, to possess it, must have been composed automatically or not by the free caprice of the writer, or that it must exhibit no scientific and historic errors and express no local or personal passions, the Bible would probably fare ill at our hands. But if, on the other hand, our theory should allow that a book may well be a revelation in spite of errors and passions and deliberate human composition, if only it be a true record of the inner experiences of great-souled persons wrestling with the crises of his fate, than the verdict would be much favorable. You see that the existential facts by itself are insufficient for determining the value; and the best adepts of the higher criticism accordingly never confound the existential with the spiritual problem. With the same conclusions of fact before them, some take one view, and some another, of the Bible's value as a revelation, according as their spiritual judgment as to the foundation of values differ.
Q. What is the best form of the underlined selection, "criticism of the Bible are only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view"?
  • a)
    criticism of the Bible are, instead, a study of the Bible from this existential point of view
  • b)
    criticism of the Bible is only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view
  • c)
    criticism of Bibles are only a study of the Bible from this existential point of view
  • d)
    NO CHANGE
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayesha Joshi answered
To see the problem with this sentence as written, first simplify the structure to get "What is . . . called . . . higher criticism . . . are." The issue here is the ambiguous nature of the pronoun "what." It can be plural or singular depending on its usage in a given sentence. Here, it is singular, as shown by the "is" that links it to "higher criticism." This whole relative clause ("what . . . criticism") is the subject of the main clause. It is a singular subject, which means that "are" is wrong as the main verb of the main clause of the sentence.

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