All questions of Plants for Class 5 Exam

Understanding Root Systems
Plants develop different types of root systems that help them adapt to their environment. The two primary types are fibrous and taproot systems.
What is a Fibrous Root System?
- A fibrous root system consists of numerous thin roots that spread out in all directions.
- These roots emerge from the base of the stem and are typically shallow.
- This type of root system is effective for preventing soil erosion and absorbing moisture from the surface.
Examples of Plants with Fibrous Roots
- Grasses, such as wheat, rice, and many lawn grasses, exhibit a fibrous root system.
- They are well-suited for environments where soil stability and surface moisture are crucial.
Comparison with Taproot Systems
- In contrast, plants like carrots, radishes, and beetroot have a taproot system.
- A taproot system features a single, thick root that grows deep into the soil, with smaller lateral roots.
- This system is effective for accessing deeper water sources but does not spread as widely as a fibrous system.
Conclusion
Given the options:
- Carrot: Taproot system
- Radish: Taproot system
- Grass: Fibrous root system
- Beetroot: Taproot system
Thus, the correct answer is option 'C': Grass, as it is the only one listed that exhibits a fibrous root system. Understanding these differences helps in recognizing how plants thrive in various conditions.

Plants in desert regions often have deep roots to access water stored deep underground.

Understanding Plant Reproduction
The flower is the primary reproductive structure in flowering plants (angiosperms). Its complex structure facilitates various processes crucial for reproduction.
Key Functions of the Flower
- Attraction of Pollinators:
Flowers are often brightly colored and fragrant, attracting insects and animals, which help in the process of pollination.
- Pollination:
This is the transfer of pollen from the male part (anther) to the female part (stigma) of the flower. It can occur via wind, water, or animals.
- Fertilization:
After pollination, pollen travels down the style to the ovary, where fertilization occurs. This leads to the formation of seeds.
- Seed Production:
Once fertilized, the ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary matures into a fruit, which helps in seed dispersal.
Other Plant Parts and Their Roles
- Leaves:
Primarily responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy for the plant.
- Stems:
Support the plant, transport nutrients and water between roots and leaves, but do not play a direct role in reproduction.
- Roots:
Anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil, but they are not involved in the reproductive process.
Conclusion
In summary, the flower is essential for the reproductive cycle of flowering plants, making it the correct answer. Understanding its role helps us appreciate the complexity and beauty of plant life.

Option d is the answer because Pollen grains produced  from meiosis of microspore mother cells

The anther is the male reproductive part of the flower. and the pollen reachs the ovary to fertilise

Understanding Seed Structures
The question asks about a seed with a thick fibrous outer covering. Among the provided options, the correct answer is coconut.
Characteristics of Coconut Seeds
- Fibrous Outer Layer:
The coconut seed is encased in a thick, fibrous husk known as the mesocarp. This outer layer is made of coir, which is a natural fiber extracted from the outer husk of coconuts.
- Protection:
This fibrous covering serves a crucial role in protecting the seed inside. It shields the seed from physical damage and environmental conditions, allowing it to survive until it can germinate.
- Water Resistance:
The fibrous layer is also somewhat water-resistant, enabling the seed to float in water and travel long distances. This floating ability helps in the dispersal of coconut seeds across oceans to new locations.
Comparison with Other Options
- Lime Seed:
Lime seeds have a smooth outer covering without the fibrous texture seen in coconuts. They do not serve the same protective function.
- Papaya Seed:
Papaya seeds are small and black with a hard seed coat but lack the thick, fibrous outer covering characteristic of coconuts.
- Neem Seed:
Neem seeds have a hard shell but are not covered by a fibrous layer. They are different in structure compared to coconut seeds.
Conclusion
In summary, the coconut seed is uniquely identified by its thick fibrous outer covering, making it the correct answer to the question. Its structure not only protects the seed but also aids in its dispersal, showcasing the adaptability and resilience of the coconut.

Understanding Plant Systems
Plants have various root systems that help them adapt to their environments. One of these systems is characterized by a single, thick root, commonly known as a taproot system.
What is a Taproot System?
- A taproot system consists of a main root that grows deeper into the soil, providing stability and anchorage to the plant.
- The thick main root is often accompanied by smaller lateral roots that spread out horizontally.
Characteristics of Carrot (Option B)
- The carrot (Daucus carota) is a classic example of a plant with a taproot system.
- The thick, orange root that we eat is actually the storage organ of the plant, designed to store nutrients and energy.
- Carrots thrive in well-drained soils, allowing their taproots to grow deep and access water and nutrients.
Comparison with Other Options
- Grass (Option A): Grass typically has a fibrous root system, which consists of many thin roots that spread out close to the surface.
- Wheat (Option C): Wheat also possesses a fibrous root system that helps it anchor and absorb moisture efficiently.
- Maize (Option D): Similar to wheat, maize (corn) has a fibrous root system, with many roots that grow shallow and wide.
Conclusion
In summary, the carrot is the correct answer because it features a single, thick taproot, distinguishing it from grasses, wheat, and maize, which all have fibrous root systems. Understanding these differences helps us appreciate the diversity in plant adaptations and growth strategies.

Function of Xylem in Plants
Xylem is a crucial tissue in vascular plants, primarily responsible for the transport of water and minerals. Here’s a detailed explanation of its function:
Water Transport
- Xylem transports water from the roots to various parts of the plant, including stems and leaves.
- This process occurs through a mechanism called transpiration, where water evaporates from the leaf surface, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward.
Mineral Transport
- Along with water, xylem also carries essential minerals and nutrients absorbed from the soil.
- These minerals include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and others that are vital for plant growth and development.
Structural Support
- Besides transport, xylem provides structural support to the plant.
- Its cell walls are thickened and lignified, helping to maintain the plant's upright position and withstand various environmental stresses.
Importance in Plant Growth
- The efficient transport of water and minerals is critical for photosynthesis, the process by which plants make their food.
- Adequate water supply helps in nutrient absorption and promotes overall plant health and growth.
In summary, the primary function of xylem is to transport water and minerals, making option 'B' the correct answer. Understanding the role of xylem is essential for appreciating how plants thrive and maintain their physiological processes.

Primary Role of Phloem in Plants
Phloem is a vital tissue in vascular plants, primarily responsible for the transport of food. Let's explore its role in detail.
Food Transport
- Phloem is responsible for transporting organic nutrients, particularly sugars produced through photosynthesis in the leaves.
- The sugars move from the leaves, where they are synthesized, to other parts of the plant that require energy, like roots, stems, and developing fruits.
- This process is called translocation, ensuring that all parts of the plant receive the necessary nutrients to grow and function effectively.
Structure of Phloem
- Phloem consists of specialized cells, including sieve elements and companion cells.
- Sieve elements form tubes that allow the smooth flow of nutrients, while companion cells help in the loading and unloading of sugars.
Importance of Phloem
- Phloem plays a crucial role in the overall health and survival of plants by distributing energy-rich compounds.
- A healthy phloem system supports growth, reproduction, and resilience against environmental stresses.
Comparison with Other Plant Tissues
- Unlike xylem, which transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, phloem's primary function centers on distributing food.
- This distinction emphasizes the unique and essential role of phloem in plant physiology.
In summary, phloem's primary role in plants is the transport of food, ensuring that all parts of the plant receive the nutrients necessary for growth and vitality. Understanding this function is crucial for appreciating how plants sustain themselves and thrive in their environments.

Female part of flower is called pistil as it contains ovules that is female gamete

Rose and champa are two flowering plants that can reproduce through stem cutting. Stem cutting is a common method of plant propagation in which a section of the stem is cut and used to grow a new plant. This method is widely used because it is relatively simple and produces reliable results.

Stem cutting involves taking a healthy stem from a parent plant and cutting it into smaller sections. These sections are then planted in a suitable growing medium, such as soil or a rooting hormone, to encourage root development. Over time, the cuttings develop roots and grow into new, independent plants.

Stem cutting is an effective method of reproduction for many plants, including roses and champa. Here are the reasons why stem cutting is the correct answer:

1. Genetic similarity: Stem cutting allows for the production of genetically identical plants to the parent plant. This is because the cuttings are taken from the parent plant and retain the same genetic material. This is important for maintaining desirable traits in the new plants, such as flower color or growth habit.

2. Rapid growth: Stem cuttings generally root quickly and establish themselves as new plants faster than other methods of propagation. This is because the cuttings already have a portion of stem tissue that is capable of root development. With proper care and suitable growing conditions, the cuttings can begin to grow and develop into new plants within a few weeks.

3. Cost-effective: Stem cutting is a cost-effective method of plant propagation. It does not require expensive equipment or specialized techniques. Instead, it relies on basic gardening tools and materials that are readily available. This makes it accessible to home gardeners and commercial growers alike.

4. Versatility: Stem cutting can be used to propagate a wide range of plants, including flowering plants like roses and champa. This method is not limited to specific plant species or varieties, making it a versatile option for propagating different types of plants.

In conclusion, stem cutting is the correct answer because it is a simple, reliable, and cost-effective method of reproducing plants like roses and champa. It allows for the production of genetically identical plants and promotes rapid growth and establishment.

The ostrich is a bird known for having large eyes relative to the size of its brain.

**Ferns reproduce through spore formation.**

Ferns are a type of vascular plant that reproduce through spores. Spore formation is a method of asexual reproduction where the parent plant produces spores that can develop into new individuals without the need for fertilization or the production of seeds.

Here is a detailed explanation of how ferns reproduce through spore formation:

**1. Life Cycle of Ferns:**
The life cycle of ferns alternates between two distinct generations - the gametophyte and the sporophyte. The gametophyte is a small, independent plant that produces eggs and sperm, while the sporophyte is the main fern plant we commonly see.

**2. Sporangia:**
On the undersides of fern leaves, there are small structures called sporangia. These sporangia are responsible for producing and releasing spores. Each sporangium contains numerous spores.

**3. Spore Production:**
Within the sporangium, specialized cells called sporocytes undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. Meiosis is a type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes, resulting in haploid cells with only one set of chromosomes.

**4. Spore Release:**
When the spores are mature, the sporangium dries out and eventually bursts open, releasing the spores into the environment. The spores are lightweight and have a protective outer layer, enabling them to be carried by wind or water to new locations.

**5. Germination and Growth:**
If the spore lands in a suitable environment with sufficient moisture, it can germinate and develop into a gametophyte. The gametophyte is a small, heart-shaped plant called a prothallus. It grows from the spore and produces both male and female reproductive structures.

**6. Fertilization:**
In the gametophyte, specialized structures called antheridia produce sperm, and archegonia produce eggs. The sperm swim through a film of water to reach the eggs, and fertilization occurs, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

**7. Sporophyte Development:**
The zygote develops into a new sporophyte, which is the familiar fern plant. The sporophyte grows from the gametophyte and eventually becomes independent.

**8. Spore Production (Repeat):**
Once the sporophyte is mature, it develops sporangia on the undersides of its leaves. The sporangia produce and release spores, continuing the cycle of spore formation and reproduction in ferns.

In conclusion, ferns reproduce through spore formation, which involves the production and release of spores from sporangia. The spores develop into gametophytes, which produce eggs and sperm. Fertilization occurs, leading to the development of a new sporophyte fern plant that produces spores. This life cycle alternates between the gametophyte and sporophyte generations.

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Dispersal

Dispersal is the process by which seeds are scattered or spread over a wide area. It is an important mechanism for plants to ensure the survival and colonization of their species. Dispersal helps plants to avoid competition with their parent plants and find suitable habitats for growth.

Reasons for Dispersal

There are several reasons why plants disperse their seeds:

1. Competition avoidance: By scattering their seeds, plants prevent overcrowding and competition with their parent plants. This increases the chances of survival and growth for the dispersed seeds.

2. Colonization of new habitats: Dispersal allows plants to colonize new habitats and expand their range. This is particularly important for species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions or habitats.

3. Genetic diversity: Dispersal promotes genetic diversity within plant populations. By spreading their seeds over a wide area, plants increase the chances of cross-pollination and genetic exchange, leading to healthier and more adaptable populations.

Mechanisms of Dispersal

Plants have evolved various mechanisms to disperse their seeds. Some common mechanisms include:

1. Wind dispersal: Many plants have lightweight seeds or fruits with structures that enable them to be carried by the wind. Examples include dandelion seeds, which have feathery bristles that help them float in the air, and maple seeds, which have wing-like structures that allow them to spin and glide.

2. Water dispersal: Some seeds are adapted to float on water and are dispersed by rivers, streams, or ocean currents. Coconut palms are a classic example of plants that use water dispersal, as their large fruits can be carried over long distances by ocean currents.

3. Animal dispersal: Certain plants have evolved to attract animals, such as birds or mammals, to disperse their seeds. These seeds often have structures or adaptations that make them attractive or edible to animals. Once consumed, the seeds pass through the digestive system and are deposited in new locations through the animal's feces.

4. Explosive dispersal: Some plants have fruits or seed pods that explode when they are ripe, propelling the seeds away from the parent plant. This mechanism is seen in plants like the touch-me-not (Mimosa pudica) and the jewelweed (Impatiens spp.).

Conclusion

Dispersal is a vital process that allows plants to spread their seeds over a wide area, ensuring their survival and the colonization of new habitats. By employing various mechanisms such as wind, water, animals, or explosive dispersal, plants increase their chances of finding suitable environments for growth and maintaining genetic diversity within their populations.

Understanding Flower Structure and Fruit Development
Flowers are crucial reproductive structures in flowering plants, and they contain several parts, each with specific functions. One of the key components of a flower is the ovary.
Role of the Ovary
- The ovary is located at the base of the flower and is part of the female reproductive organ known as the pistil.
- It contains ovules, which are the potential seeds of the plant.
- After fertilization, the ovules develop into seeds, while the ovary itself matures into the fruit.
Process of Fruit Development
- After pollination, when pollen grains fertilize the ovules within the ovary, the ovules develop into seeds.
- The ovary starts to grow and transform into fruit, which serves to protect the developing seeds and aid in their dispersal.
- The fruit can take many forms, such as fleshy fruits (like apples) or dry fruits (like nuts).
Importance of Fruit
- Fruits play a vital role in the life cycle of plants by facilitating seed dispersal.
- Animals eat the fruit, and through digestion, they help spread the seeds away from the parent plant, promoting genetic diversity and colonization of new areas.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question about which part of the flower develops into fruit is indeed the ovary (option C), as it is essential for the production and protection of seeds post-fertilization.

Understanding Plant Types
Plants are categorized into different groups based on their characteristics. One of the primary classifications is between monocots and dicots.
Monocots: Characteristics
- Parallel Veins: Monocots, or monocotyledons, are characterized by leaves that have parallel veins. This means that the veins run parallel to each other along the length of the leaf.
- Examples: Common examples of monocots include grasses, lilies, and orchids.
- Other Features: Monocots typically have flower parts in multiples of three, a single cotyledon (seed leaf), and fibrous root systems.
Dicots: Characteristics
- Net-like Veins: In contrast, dicots, or dicotyledons, have leaves with a branching, net-like vein pattern.
- Examples: Examples of dicots include roses, sunflowers, and oak trees.
- Other Features: Dicots usually have flower parts in multiples of four or five, two cotyledons, and taproot systems.
Conclusion
The distinct leaf vein patterns are a key identifier between monocots and dicots. Monocots, with their parallel veins, are a unique and important group of flowering plants. Understanding these differences helps in the study of botany and plant biology.

Understanding Stomata
Stomata are tiny openings located on the surface of leaves that play a crucial role in the process of gas exchange in plants.
Key Functions of Stomata:
- Gas Exchange: Stomata allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter the leaf for photosynthesis, which is essential for the plant's growth and energy production. At the same time, oxygen (O2), a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the leaf through these openings.
- Transpiration: Stomata also facilitate transpiration, the process by which water vapor is released from the plant into the atmosphere. This helps in cooling the plant and maintaining its water balance.
- Regulation: The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by guard cells. These specialized cells surround each stoma and control its size, responding to environmental conditions such as light, humidity, and CO2 concentration.
Other Options Explained:
- Chloroplasts: These are organelles within plant cells responsible for photosynthesis but do not facilitate gas exchange.
- Veins: Plant veins transport water and nutrients but are not involved in gas exchange.
- Petioles: The petiole is the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem, serving a structural role rather than a function in gas exchange.
In conclusion, stomata are essential for the survival of plants, enabling them to take in necessary gases and release byproducts efficiently. Their unique structure and function make them vital components of the leaf's anatomy.

Female gametes are present in the ovary.

The ovary is a reproductive organ found in the female reproductive system of plants. It is responsible for the production and storage of female gametes, also known as ovules. The ovules are the female reproductive cells that are needed for sexual reproduction in plants.

The ovary is an essential part of the flower, which is the reproductive structure of flowering plants. It is located at the base of the pistil, which is the female reproductive organ of the flower. The ovary contains one or more ovules, which are contained within the ovary wall.

The ovules are the structures that contain the female gametes. They are produced within the ovary through a process called megasporogenesis. During this process, specialized cells within the ovule undergo meiosis to produce haploid cells called megaspores. One of these megaspores then develops into a female gametophyte, which contains the female gametes.

The female gametes, also known as egg cells or ova, are the reproductive cells that are necessary for fertilization to occur. They are typically larger in size compared to the male gametes (sperm cells) and are non-motile. The female gametes are produced within the female gametophyte, which is located within the ovule.

Once the female gametes are formed, they are released from the ovary and are available for fertilization. Fertilization occurs when a male gamete (sperm cell) fuses with a female gamete (egg cell) to form a zygote, which develops into a new individual.

In conclusion, female gametes are present in the ovary of flowering plants. The ovary is responsible for the production and storage of ovules, which contain the female gametes. The female gametes are necessary for sexual reproduction in plants and are released from the ovary for fertilization to occur.

B

Ghee is traditionally made from curd by separating the butterfat from the milk solids.

The male part of a flower is called the stamen.
The stamen is the reproductive organ of a flower that produces pollen. It consists of two main parts:
1. Anther: This is the top part of the stamen that contains pollen sacs. The anther is responsible for producing and releasing pollen grains.
2. Filament: This is the long, slender stalk that supports the anther. It holds the anther in a position where it can easily release the pollen.
Other key points to note about the male part of a flower:
- The stamen is part of the androecium, which is the male reproductive whorl of a flower.
- The stamen is typically surrounded by the petals and located inside the flower.
- The number of stamens can vary depending on the flower species. Some flowers have only one stamen, while others have multiple stamens.
- The stamen plays a crucial role in pollination, as it produces pollen grains that are transferred to the female part of the flower for fertilization.
In summary, the male part of a flower is called the stamen, which consists of the anther and filament.

Birds of prey, such as eagles and hawks, have exceptionally sharp eyesight, which aids them in spotting and capturing their prey.

The larva of a housefly is commonly known as a maggot.

All plants reproduce, but not all plants reproduce by flowering

The male gamete in plants is called pollengrain.
Explanation:
- The male gamete in plants is the reproductive cell that is involved in fertilization.
- In plants, the male gamete is called the pollengrain.
- The pollengrain is produced in the anther of the flower.
- It contains the male reproductive cells called sperm cells.
- The pollengrain is dispersed by various means such as wind, water, or animals to reach the female reproductive organ of the flower.
- Once the pollengrain reaches the female reproductive organ (pistil) of the flower, it undergoes fertilization to form seeds.
- The pollengrain plays a crucial role in plant reproduction by facilitating the transfer of genetic material from the male parent to the female parent.
- It is important to note that the male gamete in plants is different from the male reproductive structures found in animals such as testis, semen, and penis.
- The male gametes in animals are produced in the testis and are involved in the process of sexual reproduction.

Oak trees are known for their large size and expansive canopies, providing ample shade and habitat for various organisms.

Reptiles, such as snakes, use their flicking tongues to gather scent particles from the air, helping them detect prey and navigate their surroundings.

Bryophyllum plants reproduce through the formation of new plants from the leaf margins or buds.

Root hairs are small, thread-like structures that increase the surface area of roots for absorption of water and nutrients.

Seeds can germinate without light or soil, but cannot germinate in a cold, dry place

Understanding the Stamen
The stamen is a crucial part of a flower's reproductive system. It consists of two main components: the anther and the filament.
Components of Stamen

• Anther:
  - The anther is the part of the stamen that produces pollen grains, which contain the male gametes (sperm cells) necessary for fertilization.
  - It is typically located at the top of the stamen and is often yellow or orange, making it easily identifiable.
  
• Filament:
  - The filament is a slender stalk that supports the anther and holds it in a position where pollinators can easily access the pollen.
  - It connects the anther to the base of the flower, ensuring that the pollen is available for transfer to the stigma of the pistil during pollination.
  

Why Other Options Are Incorrect
- Option (a) "Ovary and style" refers to parts of the pistil, which is the female reproductive structure of the flower.
- Option (c) "Petal and sepal" are parts of the flower that are primarily involved in attracting pollinators and protecting the reproductive organs but are not part of the stamen.
- Option (d) "Stigma and ovule" are also components of the pistil, with the stigma receiving pollen and the ovule developing into seeds after fertilization.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'B' because the anther and filament are the two defining components that make up a stamen, highlighting its role in the male reproductive process of flowering plants.