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All questions of Propagation & Characteristics of Sound Waves for JAMB Exam

Reverberation can be reduced by:
  • a)
    Increasing the amplitude of sound waves
  • b)
    Increasing the frequency of sound waves
  • c)
    Decreasing the amplitude of sound waves
  • d)
    Decreasing the temperature of the medium
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aishat Okafor answered
Explanation:

Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a particular space even after the sound source has stopped producing sound waves. It occurs when sound waves reflect off surfaces in a room and continue to bounce around, causing multiple reflections. This can create a prolonged and blurred sound effect.

To reduce reverberation, the amplitude of sound waves needs to be decreased. Here's why:

1. Understanding Sound Waves:
Sound waves are mechanical vibrations that travel through a medium, such as air, water, or solids. They consist of compressions and rarefactions, which create changes in pressure as they propagate through the medium.

2. Reflection of Sound Waves:
When sound waves encounter a surface, such as a wall or ceiling, they reflect off the surface. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, following the law of reflection.

3. Multiple Reflections:
In an enclosed space, sound waves can reflect off multiple surfaces, creating a series of reflections. These reflections overlap with the original sound waves, leading to an increase in sound intensity and prolonging the sound.

4. Amplitude and Sound Intensity:
The amplitude of a sound wave determines its intensity or loudness. Higher amplitudes result in higher sound intensities. In the case of reverberation, multiple reflections increase the overall sound intensity.

5. Decreasing Amplitude:
To reduce reverberation, the amplitude of sound waves needs to be decreased. By decreasing the amplitude, the sound intensity is reduced, resulting in a shorter duration of sound and less persistence.

6. Methods to Reduce Amplitude:
There are several methods to decrease the amplitude of sound waves and reduce reverberation:

- Sound Absorption: Materials that absorb sound, such as acoustic panels, curtains, or foam, can reduce the amplitude of reflected sound waves by converting the sound energy into heat energy.

- Diffusion: Diffusing sound waves can scatter them in different directions, preventing them from concentrating in a specific area and reducing the overall sound intensity.

- Soundproofing: Creating barriers or using soundproof materials can prevent sound waves from reflecting off surfaces and reduce the amplitude of reflected sound waves.

- Room Design: Proper room design, including the use of appropriate dimensions, shapes, and surfaces, can help minimize sound reflections and decrease reverberation.

In conclusion, reverberation can be reduced by decreasing the amplitude of sound waves. This can be achieved through sound absorption, diffusion, soundproofing, and appropriate room design.
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Intensity of sound refers to:
  • a)
    The loudness of sound
  • b)
    The quality of sound
  • c)
    The pitch of sound
  • d)
    The speed of sound in the medium
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Intensity refers to the amount of energy carried by a sound wave per unit of area. It determines the perceived loudness of the sound. Higher intensities result in louder sounds, while lower intensities correspond to softer sounds.

The disadvantage of echoes in communication systems is:
  • a)
    Interference with the original sound
  • b)
    Reduced volume of the original sound
  • c)
    Distortion of the original sound
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Echoes in communication systems can have several disadvantages. They can interfere with the clarity of the original sound, reduce the volume or loudness of the original sound, and cause distortion, making it challenging to understand or convey information accurately.

Overtones produced by vibrating strings are:
  • a)
    The fundamental frequency of the string
  • b)
    The highest frequency of the string
  • c)
    The harmonics of the string
  • d)
    The lowest frequency of the string
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
When a string vibrates, it produces not only the fundamental frequency but also multiple higher frequencies called harmonics or overtones. These overtones are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency and contribute to the unique timbre of the sound.

Which of the following is an acoustic example of resonance?
  • a)
    A tuning fork vibrating in a vacuum
  • b)
    A wine glass breaking due to high-frequency sound
  • c)
    A guitar string producing a musical note
  • d)
    A drum producing a deep sound
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Resonance occurs when an object vibrates at its natural frequency due to the influence of an external force or sound wave. The example of a wine glass breaking due to high-frequency sound demonstrates the concept of resonance, as the sound wave matches the natural frequency of the glass, causing it to vibrate intensely and eventually shatter.

Reverberation occurs when sound waves:
  • a)
    Reflect off a surface
  • b)
    Interfere with each other
  • c)
    Travel through a medium without any reflections
  • d)
    Diffract around obstacles
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Reverberation is the persistence of sound due to multiple reflections in an enclosed space. When sound waves reflect off various surfaces in a room, they can interfere with each other, causing a prolonged sound effect known as reverberation.

Which of the following is a musical note?
  • a)
    A car horn
  • b)
    A ringing telephone
  • c)
    A piano key
  • d)
    A barking dog
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Musical notes are deliberate, structured sounds produced by musical instruments. A piano key, when pressed, generates a specific pitch and is considered a musical note.

Pitch of a musical note is determined by:
  • a)
    The amplitude of the sound wave
  • b)
    The frequency of the sound wave
  • c)
    The speed of sound in the medium
  • d)
    The wavelength of the sound wave
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Pitch refers to how high or low a musical note sounds. It is directly related to the frequency of the sound wave. Higher frequencies result in higher-pitched notes, while lower frequencies correspond to lower-pitched notes.

What is the minimum distance required for the human ear to perceive an echo?
  • a)
    10 meters
  • b)
    17 meters
  • c)
    34 meters
  • d)
    100 meters
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
For a person to perceive a distinct echo, the minimum distance between the source of the sound and the reflecting surface should be at least 17 meters. If the distance is shorter, the reflected sound may blend with the original sound and not be perceived as a separate echo.

Overtones produced by vibrating air columns are:
  • a)
    The fundamental frequency of the column
  • b)
    The highest frequency of the column
  • c)
    The harmonics of the column
  • d)
    The lowest frequency of the column
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Similar to vibrating strings, vibrating air columns, such as those in wind instruments, produce harmonics or overtones. These are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency of the column and contribute to the variety of pitches and timbres produced by the instrument.

The speed of sound in water is approximately:
  • a)
    343 m/s
  • b)
    1500 m/s
  • c)
    300,000,000 m/s
  • d)
    0 m/s
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
The speed of sound in water is approximately 1500 meters per second. Water is denser than air, which allows sound waves to propagate more efficiently, resulting in a higher speed of sound compared to air.

Sound waves require a material medium for propagation because:
  • a)
    Sound is a mechanical wave
  • b)
    Sound is an electromagnetic wave
  • c)
    Sound is a transverse wave
  • d)
    Sound is a longitudinal wave
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a material medium for propagation. In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Without a material medium, there are no particles for the sound waves to propagate through.

Noise is best described as:
  • a)
    A specific pitch of sound
  • b)
    A musical note
  • c)
    Unwanted or random sound
  • d)
    A low-intensity sound
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Noise refers to any undesired or irregular sound that lacks specific pitch or musical qualities. It often appears as a mix of different frequencies and lacks the harmonious patterns found in musical notes

The speed of sound is fastest in:
  • a)
    Solids
  • b)
    Liquids
  • c)
    Gases
  • d)
    All have the same speed
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
The speed of sound is generally faster in solids compared to liquids and gases. This is because the particles in solids are more closely packed, allowing for faster transmission of sound waves through the medium.

Which of the following musical instruments relies on quality, pitch, intensity, and loudness to produce sound?
  • a)
    Drums
  • b)
    Guitar
  • c)
    Triangle
  • d)
    Tambourine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
The guitar is a versatile instrument that relies on various factors, including quality, pitch, intensity, and loudness, to produce a range of musical sounds. It produces different pitches by pressing the strings at different locations and varying the intensity by plucking or strumming the strings.

Quality of sound refers to:
  • a)
    The loudness of sound
  • b)
    The pitch of sound
  • c)
    The timbre or tone color of sound
  • d)
    The distance from the source of sound
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Quality of sound refers to the unique characteristics that distinguish one sound from another, even if they have the same pitch and loudness. Timbre describes the complexity and richness of a sound, allowing us to differentiate between different instruments or voices.

Loudness of sound is directly related to:
  • a)
    The frequency of the sound wave
  • b)
    The amplitude of the sound wave
  • c)
    The wavelength of the sound wave
  • d)
    The speed of sound in the medium
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Iyer answered
Loudness refers to the subjective perception of the sound's intensity. It depends on the amplitude of the sound wave, with higher amplitudes resulting in louder sounds and lower amplitudes corresponding to softer sounds.

Chapter doubts & questions for Propagation & Characteristics of Sound Waves - Physics for JAMB 2025 is part of JAMB exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the JAMB exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for JAMB 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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