All questions of Ecology-Factors Affecting Distribution of Animals for JAMB Exam

Understanding Biotic Factors
Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem that influence the distribution and behavior of organisms. In the case of birds, these factors can include the availability of food, nesting sites, and competition with other species.
Importance of Nesting Sites
- Breeding and Reproduction: Nesting sites are crucial for birds as they provide a safe environment for laying eggs and raising young. The availability of suitable nesting locations directly impacts bird populations.
- Species Preference: Different bird species have specific nesting requirements. For instance, some may prefer tree cavities, while others might seek out shrubs or cliffs. This variability in preference affects where different species can thrive.
Comparison with Other Options
- Temperature Gradients: While temperature gradients (option a) can influence bird behavior and migration, they are considered abiotic factors. They do not involve living organisms directly impacting bird distribution.
- Air Pollution: Air pollution (option c) is also an abiotic factor that affects bird health and habitat quality but does not directly relate to the living conditions necessary for birds to thrive.
- Water Currents: Water currents (option d) are primarily physical processes and do not involve the interaction of living organisms in the same way nesting sites do.
Conclusion
Thus, the availability of nesting sites (option b) is a prime example of a biotic factor that significantly influences the distribution of birds, as it directly relates to their reproductive success, habitat preferences, and overall survival.