All questions of Cloze Passage for EmSAT Achieve Exam

Lactic acid is formed by the process of incomplete oxidation.

Explanation:
Lactic acid is a type of organic acid that is produced in the body during certain metabolic processes. It is formed when glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, a process called anaerobic glycolysis. Here is a detailed explanation of the process:

1. Glycolysis:
Glycolysis is the initial step in the breakdown of glucose, which occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate. This process yields a small amount of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a source of energy for cells.

2. Aerobic Respiration:
Under normal aerobic conditions, pyruvate is further oxidized in the mitochondria through a series of reactions called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle. This process generates a large amount of ATP and carbon dioxide as byproducts.

3. Anaerobic Respiration:
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate cannot enter the Krebs cycle. Instead, it undergoes a process called fermentation. There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

4. Lactic Acid Fermentation:
During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid. This process occurs in various tissues such as muscle cells when the demand for energy exceeds the oxygen supply (e.g., during intense exercise). The conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid regenerates NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is necessary for glycolysis to continue. However, lactic acid fermentation is an inefficient process, as it only produces a small amount of ATP compared to aerobic respiration.

Conclusion:
In summary, lactic acid is formed by the process of incomplete oxidation, specifically during lactic acid fermentation. This process occurs when glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactic acid as a byproduct.

Explaining the Correct Answer:

Competition has affected businessmen in various ways. In the given paragraph, it is mentioned that businessmen in the past were not used to competition and they sold whatever they produced at whatever prices they chose. But with increasing competition, customers began to have a choice in what they bought. This led to the availability of imports at cheaper prices. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' which is prices.

Reasoning for Each Option:

a) Costs - While competition can impact the costs for businesses, it is not the most relevant option in the given context. The paragraph talks about the availability of cheaper imports and not necessarily about the cost of production for businesses.

b) Returns - Returns refer to the profit earned by businesses. While competition can impact the returns for businesses, the paragraph does not mention anything about it.

c) Dividend - Dividend refers to the distribution of profits to shareholders. This option is not relevant in the given context.

d) Prices - The availability of cheaper imports implies that the prices of products have been impacted by competition. Therefore, this is the correct option.

In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'D' which is prices.

Explanation:

The missing word in the sentence is related to customers making choices. Let's look at the options:

a) buy - This option is not suitable as it does not fit the context of the sentence. The sentence is talking about customers choosing between different options, not buying something specific.

b) take - This option is not suitable as well. The sentence is not talking about customers taking anything, but about them making choices.

c) pick - This option is the correct answer. The sentence is talking about customers picking or choosing between different options. This is the most appropriate word to use in this context.

d) want - This option is also not suitable. The sentence is not talking about customers wanting anything, but about them making choices based on available options.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - pick.

Explanation:

Understanding the Question:
The question asks to choose the correct option that fits in the blank in the given sentence.

Analysis of the Sentence:
The sentence talks about humans needing to be sensitive to their surroundings for a specific purpose, which indicates that the blank should be filled with a word that aligns with this context.

Eliminating Options:
- Option A: "accordingly" does not fit the context of the sentence as it does not convey the intended meaning.
- Option B: "competitively" is not suitable in this context as it does not make sense within the sentence.
- Option C: "carefully" is a possible fit as humans being careful about their surroundings makes sense in the context provided.
- Option D: "annually" is irrelevant and does not make sense in the given sentence.
- Option E: "None of these" is the correct answer as none of the given options fit the context appropriately.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is option E, "None of these," as none of the provided options align with the context and intended meaning of the sentence. Humans need to be sensitive to their surroundings for various reasons, and the word "None of these" acknowledges this requirement.

Explanation:

Understanding the context:
The passage discusses the presence of plastic and debris in the deepest parts of the ocean, as highlighted by a recent study.

Analysis of the options:
The word that fits the first blank should indicate that plastic and debris have been discovered in the deepest ocean areas. Among the options provided, only "been" fits this context appropriately.

Reason for selecting option B:
1. Plastic and other pieces of debris have been found in the deepest parts of the ocean, indicating a past action of discovery.
2. The word "been" conveys the idea that the presence of plastic in the ocean depths is not a recent occurrence but has been ongoing.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B) been.

Understanding the Context
The sentence emphasizes a child's process of learning to communicate effectively. The use of “talk” signifies the development of language skills, which is a complex process that requires observation and practice.
Analyzing the Options
- a) endeavouring: This implies trying hard to do something but lacks the specificity of learning.
- b) learning: This option directly aligns with the context, as it captures the essence of a child acquiring new skills, particularly language, through experience.
- c) experimenting: While this suggests trial and error, it doesn't convey the broader scope of language acquisition.
- d) experiencing: This implies undergoing events but does not specifically denote the cognitive process of learning.
Why "Learning" is Correct
The phrase “a child ... to talk” requires a word that encapsulates the development of skills. “Learning” is the most appropriate choice because:
- It signifies the active process of acquiring knowledge and skills.
- It reflects the continuous nature of language acquisition, which is essential for a child’s development.
- Children learn language not just through instruction but by observing and interacting with their environment, making “learning” the most fitting word in this context.
Conclusion
In summary, option "b" (learning) accurately conveys the idea that a child must engage in the process of learning to talk, highlighting the importance of experiential learning without excessive correction. This understanding aligns with the developmental perspective on language acquisition.

Advantages of Having a Clear Cut Objective of Business

Clear Direction

• Having a well-defined objective gives a clear direction to the business.


• The enterprise knows where it wants to go and what it wants to achieve.


• This clarity of purpose helps in avoiding any deviation from the set path.

Convenience in Undertaking Tasks

• Enterprises with clear objectives can conveniently undertake tasks and follow long-range development policies.


• They can plan resources, time and efforts required to achieve their objectives.


• This helps in efficient utilization of resources and achieving better results.

Avoid Short-Term Gains

• Recognition of objectives reduces the temptation to compromise long-range objectives for short-term gains.


• Enterprises with clear objectives focus on achieving long-term goals and benefits.


• This helps in sustaining the business in the long run and building a strong foundation for growth.

Improved Coordination and Consistency

• Having a clear objective improves coordination in work and consistency in policy.


• All employees are aligned towards achieving the same goal.


• This leads to a more efficient and effective work environment.

Option (A) Objectives is the correct answer for the blank in the given question.

Understanding the Context of the Passage
The passage discusses India's water crisis, highlighting the media's role in amplifying concerns related to water scarcity. It emphasizes the need for proper institutional frameworks for disseminating knowledge about water resource management.
Analysis of the Options for Blank I
- a) About
- b) For
- c) With
- d) Or
- e) And
Why "About" is the Correct Choice
- Contextual Fit: The phrase "dissemination of knowledge about water resource management" indicates that the focus is on sharing or spreading information regarding water management practices. The word "about" effectively introduces the subject matter of the knowledge being disseminated.
- Grammatical Structure: The preposition "about" correctly links the action of dissemination to the specific topic of water resource management, making it grammatically sound.
- Clarity of Meaning: Using "about" clarifies that the knowledge pertains specifically to water resource management, thus providing a clear understanding of the intent behind the dissemination.
Why Other Options Are Inappropriate
- b) For: This would imply the purpose of dissemination, which does not align with the structure of the sentence.
- c) With: This implies a manner or method, which is not relevant in this context.
- d) Or: This would suggest an alternative, which does not fit the logical flow of the sentence.
- e) And: This would incorrectly imply a conjunction rather than specifying the subject matter.
Conclusion
In summary, "about" is the most appropriate choice for blank I as it accurately conveys the focus on the subject of water resource management, maintaining grammatical correctness and clarity in meaning.

Understanding the Answer:

Humans have needed to be sensitive to their surroundings to experience a positive customer experience, which means that we have an awareness of our environment and seek out environments with certain qualities.

Explanation:

Need for Safety and Security:
- Humans have a strong need for safety and security and look for those attributes in their environment.

Physical Comfort:
- Humans seek physical comfort in their environment, such as the right temperature.

Psychological Comfort:
- We also seek an environment that is psychologically comfortable, such as environments that are familiar but offer the right amount of stimulus.

Attributes in Retail and Hospitality:
- Retailers and the hospitality industry provide an atmosphere that creates a positive customer experience.
- They offer three important attributes: comfort, safety, and entertainment.

Importance in Healthcare:
- These attributes are also crucial in healthcare settings to ensure a positive patient experience.

In conclusion, the need to be sensitive to our surroundings and seek out environments with specific qualities is essential for creating positive experiences in various settings, including retail, hospitality, and healthcare.

Explanation:

Option D: if is the correct answer because it completes the sentence logically and grammatically.

Here is the detailed explanation:

1. The Sentence:
The sentence states, "A child ... to talk does not learn ... being corrected all the time ... corrected too much, he will ... talking."

2. Analyzing the Sentence:
Let's break down the sentence and analyze it to understand the logical flow and the missing word.

3. First Part of the Sentence:
"A child ... to talk"
This part of the sentence implies that the child is learning to talk or acquiring language skills.

4. Second Part of the Sentence:
"... does not learn ..."
This part indicates that the child is not able to learn something or acquire a particular skill.

5. Third Part of the Sentence:
"... being corrected all the time ..."
This part suggests that the child is being corrected continuously or repeatedly.

6. Fourth Part of the Sentence:
"... corrected too much, he will ..."
This part implies that if the child is corrected excessively, there will be a consequence.

7. Fifth Part of the Sentence:
"... talking."
This part indicates that the child will stop talking or speaking.

8. Analyzing the Missing Word:
Now, let's focus on the missing word and its placement in the sentence.

9. Plausible Options:
The options provided are "unless," "being," "until," and "if."

10. Eliminating Options:
- "Unless" does not fit logically in this context, as it would create a contradictory meaning. The sentence suggests that the child does not learn when corrected, but "unless" implies the opposite.
- "Being" is a gerund form that does not fit grammatically in this sentence structure.
- "Until" does not fit logically in this context because it does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between being corrected and the child's action.
- "If" fits logically and grammatically in this context. It establishes a conditional relationship between being corrected excessively and the child's consequent action of stopping talking.

11. Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, it is evident that "if" is the correct answer as it completes the sentence logically and grammatically.

Explanation:

The given passage talks about how children should be allowed to judge their own work. It compares it to how a child learns to talk without being corrected all the time. The passage emphasizes the importance of allowing children to develop their own skills by noticing the difference between their work and the work of others.

Option Two is "by." The correct answer is option C.

In this context, "learn by being corrected" means that the child learns through constant correction, which is not an effective method. Therefore, the correct option is "by."

Heading: Importance of Allowing Children to Judge their Own Work

- Children should be allowed to learn from their mistakes without always being corrected.
- A child who is corrected too much may become discouraged and stop trying.
- Children learn through observation and self-reflection.

Heading: Comparison to Learning to Talk

- Children learn to talk by listening to the language around them.
- They notice the difference between the language they use and the language others use.
- This process enables them to develop their language skills.

Heading: Importance of Self-Assessment

- Allowing children to judge their own work encourages self-reflection and self-improvement.
- It instills a sense of responsibility and accountability in children.
- It helps children develop critical thinking skills and fosters independence.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, it is important to allow children to learn from their mistakes and develop their own skills. By allowing them to judge their own work, we encourage self-reflection, critical thinking, and independence. This is a crucial aspect of a child's development and should be encouraged by parents and educators alike.