All questions of Networking for Bank Exams Exam

Keyboard and Computer Communication Transmission

In order to facilitate communication between a keyboard and a computer, a particular type of transmission is required. This transmission must be able to transfer data from the keyboard to the computer and vice versa. Let's look at the different types of transmissions that are available and see which one is best suited for this purpose.

Types of Transmission

There are four main types of transmission that are used in communication systems. These are:

- Simplex
- Half Duplex
- Full Duplex
- Automatic

Let's briefly discuss each of these transmissions to understand their characteristics.

Simplex Transmission

In simplex transmission, communication can only happen in one direction. This means that data can either be sent from the transmitter to the receiver, or from the receiver to the transmitter, but not both. This type of transmission is not suitable for keyboard and computer communication because it requires bidirectional communication.

Half Duplex Transmission

In half duplex transmission, communication can happen in both directions, but only one direction at a time. This means that data can be sent from the transmitter to the receiver, and then from the receiver to the transmitter, but not simultaneously. This type of transmission is also not suitable for keyboard and computer communication because it requires simultaneous communication.

Full Duplex Transmission

In full duplex transmission, communication can happen in both directions simultaneously. This means that data can be sent from the transmitter to the receiver, and from the receiver to the transmitter, at the same time. This type of transmission is suitable for keyboard and computer communication because it allows bidirectional communication.

Automatic Transmission

Automatic transmission is a type of transmission that automatically adjusts the communication parameters based on the requirements of the communication system. This type of transmission is not suitable for keyboard and computer communication because it does not provide a fixed set of communication parameters.

Conclusion

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that simplex, half duplex, and automatic transmissions are not suitable for keyboard and computer communication. Full duplex transmission is the best option for this purpose because it allows bidirectional communication.

- ARPANET:
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was the first wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. It was developed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

- CNNET, NSFNET, ASAPNET:
CNNET, NSFNET, and ASAPNET are not the first networks.
CNNET does not refer to any known network.
NSFNET was a high-speed network that served as a backbone for the internet from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s.
ASAPNET is not a recognized network in the history of computer networking.

- Conclusion:
Therefore, ARPANET is the correct answer as the first network, representing a significant milestone in the development of modern computer networking.

Explanation:
In TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) a) several signals are sent in a time slotted mode on a channel.

TDM (Time Division Multiplexing):
TDM is a technique used in telecommunications to transmit multiple signals over a single communication channel. It divides the time into multiple time slots, and each signal is allocated a specific time slot for transmission.

Multiple Signals:
In TDM, multiple signals are sent over the channel. These signals can be voice, data, or any other form of information that needs to be transmitted. Each signal is given a specific time slot to transmit its data.

Time Slotted Mode:
In TDM, the channel is divided into time slots, and each signal is allocated a specific time slot. The signals are sent one after the other in a sequential manner. Each signal gets a fixed amount of time to transmit its data before the next signal in line gets its turn.

Advantages of TDM:
- Efficient utilization of the channel: TDM allows multiple signals to be transmitted over a single channel, maximizing the utilization of the channel's capacity.
- Simplicity: TDM is a relatively simple technique to implement and manage.
- Cost-effective: TDM eliminates the need for multiple dedicated channels, reducing costs.

Other Options:
b) Several signals are sent on separate channels at a time - This is not correct because TDM combines multiple signals into a single channel, rather than sending them on separate channels simultaneously.
c) One signal is sent to several users - This is not correct because TDM is used to transmit multiple signals, not a single signal to multiple users.
d) None of these - This is not correct as the correct answer is option 'A'.
e) All of these - This is not correct as TDM does not send signals on separate channels simultaneously or send one signal to several users.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - Several signals are sent in a time slotted mode on a channel in TDM.

Mesh Topology: The Correct Answer

Introduction:
A network configuration known as a Mesh Topology has devices such as computers and routers connected. In this configuration, each device is connected to every other device in the network, forming a fully interconnected network.

Explanation:
1. Mesh Topology Overview:
A Mesh Topology is a network configuration where each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection to every other device in the network. This means that each device is directly connected to all other devices, forming a fully interconnected network. This type of network configuration provides high redundancy and fault tolerance, as there are multiple paths for data to travel.

2. How it Works:
In a Mesh Topology, each device is connected to every other device using its own dedicated connection. This means that if one device fails, the network can still function because data can be routed through alternative paths. The more devices there are in the network, the more connections are required. For example, in a network with 5 devices, each device would have 4 connections to other devices.

3. Advantages of Mesh Topology:
- High Reliability: Mesh Topology provides high reliability and fault tolerance because if one connection or device fails, there are alternative paths for data to travel.
- High Scalability: Mesh Topology allows for easy scalability as new devices can be added without affecting the existing connections.
- High Performance: Mesh Topology provides high performance as each device has its own dedicated connection, eliminating network congestion.
- Security: Mesh Topology provides a high level of security as data is not shared with other devices in the network.

4. Disadvantages of Mesh Topology:
- Complexity: Mesh Topology can be complex to implement and manage due to the large number of connections required.
- Cost: Mesh Topology can be expensive to implement as it requires a large number of connections and cables.
- Maintenance: Maintaining a Mesh Topology network can be time-consuming as each device and connection needs to be managed and monitored.

Conclusion:
In summary, a Mesh Topology is a network configuration where devices are connected to every other device in the network, forming a fully interconnected network. It provides high reliability, scalability, and performance, but can be complex and expensive to implement and maintain.

Multiplexing

Multiplexing is a technique used to send more than one call over a single line. It allows multiple signals to share a common transmission medium such as a cable or a wireless channel. By combining multiple signals into a single composite signal, the capacity of the transmission medium can be effectively utilized.

Types of Multiplexing:

1. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): In TDM, each input signal is allocated a specific time slot in a predefined sequence. The signals are then transmitted one after the other in their respective time slots. At the receiving end, the original signals can be reconstructed by extracting the appropriate time slots. TDM is commonly used in digital communication systems.

2. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM): In FDM, different input signals are allocated different frequency bands. These frequency bands are then combined and transmitted simultaneously over the same transmission medium. At the receiving end, the original signals can be separated by filtering out the appropriate frequency bands. FDM is commonly used in analog communication systems.

3. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM): WDM is similar to FDM, but it operates in the optical domain. It uses different wavelengths of light to carry multiple signals simultaneously over an optical fiber. WDM is widely used in fiber optic communication systems for high-speed data transmission.

4. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM): CDM is a technique used in spread spectrum communication systems. It assigns a unique code to each input signal, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously over the same frequency band. At the receiving end, the original signals can be separated by correlating them with their respective codes.

Advantages of Multiplexing:

- Efficient utilization of the transmission medium.
- Cost-effective solution for transmitting multiple signals.
- Improved scalability and flexibility.
- Reduced infrastructure requirements.
- Increased data transmission capacity.

Overall, multiplexing is a crucial technique in telecommunications that allows multiple signals to be transmitted over a single line, maximizing the efficiency and capacity of the transmission medium. It plays a vital role in various communication systems, including telephone networks, data networks, and broadcasting systems.

Bandwidth
Bandwidth refers to the rate at which the monitor accepts data. It is a crucial factor in determining how quickly data can be transferred between the computer and the monitor.

Importance of Bandwidth
- Bandwidth is important for determining the speed at which images and videos are displayed on the monitor.
- It is also essential for ensuring a smooth and lag-free user experience while using the monitor.

Factors affecting Bandwidth
- The resolution of the monitor: Higher resolution monitors require more bandwidth to display images and videos.
- The refresh rate of the monitor: Monitors with higher refresh rates require more bandwidth to display images and videos smoothly.
- The type of connection between the computer and the monitor: Different types of connections have different bandwidth capabilities.

Improving Bandwidth
- Upgrading to a monitor with higher bandwidth capabilities can improve the speed at which data is accepted by the monitor.
- Using high-quality cables and connections can also help improve bandwidth and overall performance.
In conclusion, bandwidth plays a crucial role in determining the rate at which the monitor accepts data. It is important to consider bandwidth when choosing a monitor to ensure a smooth and high-quality user experience.