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Which of the following is a mechanism of renal autoregulation that helps maintain a stable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite changes in blood pressure?- a)Tubuloglomerular feedback
- b)Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
- c)Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- d)Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is a mechanism of renal autoregulation that helps maintain a stable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite changes in blood pressure?
a)
Tubuloglomerular feedback
b)
Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
c)
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
d)
Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
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Orion Classes answered |
Tubuloglomerular feedback is a mechanism of renal autoregulation that involves communication between the macula densa cells in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus. If the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is too high, the macula densa cells sense an increased flow of fluid and release vasoconstrictor signals to the afferent arterioles, reducing blood flow and maintaining a stable GFR. If the GFR is too low, the macula densa cells trigger vasodilation to increase blood flow and maintain adequate filtration.
Which of the following cell types release renin?- a)Extraglomerular mesangial cells
- b)Macula densa cells
- c)Alpha intercalated cells
- d)Juxta glomerular cells
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following cell types release renin?
a)
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
b)
Macula densa cells
c)
Alpha intercalated cells
d)
Juxta glomerular cells
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Orion Classes answered |
Juxtaglomerular cells, also known as granular cells, are specialized cells located in the walls of the afferent arterioles of the kidney. These cells release renin in response to various signals, including low blood pressure or low blood volume. Renin plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), initiating a cascade of events that ultimately regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.
Which enzyme is released by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume?- a)Renin
- b)Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
- c)Aldosterone synthase
- d)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which enzyme is released by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume?
a)
Renin
b)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
c)
Aldosterone synthase
d)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Orion Classes answered |
Juxtaglomerular cells, located in the walls of the afferent arterioles in the kidney, release renin in response to signals indicating low blood pressure or low blood volume. Renin initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to the production of angiotensin II and subsequent effects on blood pressure regulation.
Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtration of blood and formation of urine?- a)Glomerulus
- b)Loop of Henle
- c)Collecting duct
- d)Renal cortex
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtration of blood and formation of urine?
a)
Glomerulus
b)
Loop of Henle
c)
Collecting duct
d)
Renal cortex
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Orion Classes answered |
The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located within the renal corpuscle of the nephron. It is responsible for the filtration of blood, allowing small molecules and ions to pass through into the Bowman's capsule. This filtered fluid eventually becomes urine after undergoing further processing in the nephron.
Which hormone plays a key role in the renal regulation of blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption and water retention?- a)Renin
- b)Angiotensin II
- c)Aldosterone
- d)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which hormone plays a key role in the renal regulation of blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption and water retention?
a)
Renin
b)
Angiotensin II
c)
Aldosterone
d)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Orion Classes answered |
Aldosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex, acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron to enhance sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. This results in increased water reabsorption and expansion of blood volume, leading to an increase in blood pressure.
Which of the following is a hormone released by the kidneys that acts on bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production?- a)Renin
- b)Angiotensin II
- c)Erythropoietin
- d)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is a hormone released by the kidneys that acts on bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production?
a)
Renin
b)
Angiotensin II
c)
Erythropoietin
d)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Orion Classes answered |
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced and released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. It acts on the bone marrow, stimulating the production of red blood cells, which enhances the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Which of the following hormones directly acts on the collecting duct of the nephron to enhance water reabsorption?- a)Aldosterone
- b)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- c)Renin
- d)Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following hormones directly acts on the collecting duct of the nephron to enhance water reabsorption?
a)
Aldosterone
b)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c)
Renin
d)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
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Orion Classes answered |
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It acts on the collecting duct of the nephron, increasing its permeability to water and promoting water reabsorption. This helps to concentrate the urine and conserve water in the body.
Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron?- a)Glucose
- b)Urea
- c)Creatinine
- d)Hydrogen ions
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
a)
Glucose
b)
Urea
c)
Creatinine
d)
Hydrogen ions
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Orion Classes answered |
The proximal convoluted tubule is a section of the nephron where the majority of reabsorption takes place. Glucose is actively transported back into the bloodstream from the filtrate through specialized transport proteins in the apical membrane of the tubular cells. This prevents glucose loss in the urine and maintains its concentration in the blood.
Which of the following describes the role of the kidneys in long-term blood pressure regulation?- a)The kidneys regulate blood pressure by releasing hormones that directly affect vascular tone.
- b)The kidneys regulate blood pressure by adjusting heart rate and cardiac output.
- c)The kidneys regulate blood pressure by controlling blood volume through the regulation of sodium and water balance.
- d)The kidneys regulate blood pressure by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following describes the role of the kidneys in long-term blood pressure regulation?
a)
The kidneys regulate blood pressure by releasing hormones that directly affect vascular tone.
b)
The kidneys regulate blood pressure by adjusting heart rate and cardiac output.
c)
The kidneys regulate blood pressure by controlling blood volume through the regulation of sodium and water balance.
d)
The kidneys regulate blood pressure by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity.
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Orion Classes answered |
The kidneys play a crucial role in long-term blood pressure regulation by controlling blood volume. They regulate blood pressure by adjusting the reabsorption and excretion of sodium and water, which directly impact blood volume. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and other hormonal mechanisms controlled by the kidneys help maintain proper sodium and water balance, thus influencing blood pressure.
Which of the following best describes the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood pressure regulation?- a)It promotes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure.
- b)It increases cardiac output and raises blood pressure.
- c)It stimulates sodium excretion and decreases blood pressure.
- d)It promotes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following best describes the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood pressure regulation?
a)
It promotes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure.
b)
It increases cardiac output and raises blood pressure.
c)
It stimulates sodium excretion and decreases blood pressure.
d)
It promotes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.
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Orion Classes answered |
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important hormonal cascade involved in blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin II, a key component of the RAAS, acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, causing narrowing of blood vessels. This vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance and contributes to an increase in blood pressure.
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