All questions of Basic Elements for Class 1 Exam

Understanding Freshwater Distribution
Freshwater constitutes a small fraction of the Earth's total water supply, and a significant portion of this freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice caps.
Percentage of Freshwater in Glaciers and Ice
- Approximately 68.7% of the world's freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice, mainly in Antarctica and Greenland.
- This means that the correct answer to the question is option 'C', which states that 98% of the world's freshwater is trapped in glaciers and ice.
Significance of Glacial Freshwater
- Climate Regulation: Glaciers play a vital role in regulating global temperatures and climate patterns.
- Water Supply: Melting glaciers contribute to river systems, providing essential water supplies for millions of people.
- Biodiversity: Glacial environments support unique ecosystems and species adapted to cold conditions.
Other Freshwater Sources
- Groundwater: Approximately 30.1% of freshwater is stored as groundwater, which is crucial for agriculture and drinking water.
- Surface Water: Only about 1.2% of freshwater is found in lakes, rivers, and wetlands, highlighting the importance of glaciers as a freshwater resource.
Conclusion
In summary, glaciers and ice caps hold an astounding 98% of the world's freshwater, emphasizing their critical role in our planet's hydrological cycle and the importance of protecting these vital resources.

Main Reason for Conserving Water
Water is a vital resource for all living beings. Understanding the essential role of water highlights why conserving it is crucial.
Water is Essential for Life
- Water is the foundation of life on Earth.
- All living organisms, from the tiniest bacteria to the largest mammals, require water to survive.
- It plays a critical role in bodily functions, including digestion, temperature regulation, and nutrient transportation.
Impact on Ecosystems
- Water supports ecosystems, providing habitats for countless species.
- Aquatic plants and animals depend on clean water for their survival and growth.
- Conserving water helps maintain biodiversity and the balance of natural ecosystems.
Human Health and Well-being
- Access to clean water is vital for human health.
- It is necessary for drinking, cooking, and sanitation.
- Water scarcity can lead to diseases and health issues, impacting communities and economies.
Future Generations
- Conserving water ensures that future generations have access to this essential resource.
- As populations grow and climate change affects water availability, sustainable practices become crucial.
- By conserving water today, we can secure a better future for all.
Conclusion
In summary, the main reason for conserving water is that it is essential for life. Recognizing its importance encourages responsible water use and helps protect our planet's precious resources for ourselves and future generations.

Main Cause of Soil Degradation in Modern Farming
Soil degradation is a critical issue in modern agriculture, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides plays a significant role in this problem.
Impact of Fertilizers
- Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil nutrient imbalance.
- Over time, these chemicals can degrade soil structure and reduce its fertility.
- Nutrient runoff can contaminate water sources, harming ecosystems.
Effects of Pesticides
- Pesticides can kill beneficial organisms in the soil that help in nutrient cycling.
- The chemical residues can build up in the soil, affecting its health and biodiversity.
- Continuous pesticide use can lead to pest resistance, requiring even more chemicals.
Long-Term Consequences
- Soil erosion becomes prevalent, reducing the land’s ability to support crops.
- Decreased soil health can lead to reduced agricultural productivity.
- Loss of organic matter in the soil affects its water retention capabilities.
Alternative Practices
- Implementing sustainable farming practices can help mitigate these effects.
- Crop rotation, organic fertilizers, and integrated pest management are effective alternatives.
- These methods promote healthier soil and encourage biodiversity, leading to sustainable agriculture.
In conclusion, while fertilizers and pesticides can increase short-term yields, their long-term effects contribute significantly to soil degradation, making it essential to adopt more sustainable practices in modern farming.

Introduction
Plants play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere. Among their many functions, the most significant is their ability to produce oxygen, which is essential for the survival of most living organisms.
Photosynthesis Process
- During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and utilize sunlight to convert it into glucose and oxygen.
- This process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight.
Production of Oxygen
- The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
- It is vital for the respiration of animals and humans, allowing them to convert food into energy.
Importance of Oxygen in the Atmosphere
- Oxygen makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere.
- It is essential for aerobic respiration, which is the process by which most living organisms obtain energy.
Impact on Ecosystem
- The oxygen released by plants helps support life and maintains ecological balance.
- Forests and other green spaces are significant contributors to atmospheric oxygen levels.
Conclusion
In summary, while plants do have other roles in the atmosphere, their primary role is the production of oxygen through photosynthesis. This essential function not only supports life but also helps regulate atmospheric conditions, making plants indispensable to our environment.

Only a small amount of freshwater is available in rivers and lakes, making it the primary source for human use.

Water is called the "medium of life" because it is used in all chemical reactions in living cells.

Soil contains minerals like Iron, Zinc, and Nitrogen compounds, but oxygen is not a component of soil.

Only 3% of Earth's water is freshwater, with the majority being saltwater in oceans.

Air regulates the Earth's temperature, preventing extreme heat during the day and extreme cold at night.

- The Earth's atmosphere is primarily made up of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%).
- Oxygen is crucial for most living organisms as it is needed for respiration.
- Other gases, like carbon dioxide and argon, make up the remaining 1%.
- This balance of gases ensures a stable environment for life on Earth.
- Therefore, the correct answer is 21%, which highlights the importance of oxygen for survival.